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mMmimi

2044 106 433 378

LIBRARY OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM
HARVARD UNIVERSITY

H\K\AKD LMVEHwSlTV LIBKAKV.

ns iHJok is deposited, teinjiova-vily in the
T^ibra !'>,'■ of the

^^^ /-?, /,v.'>y

idfifti

i^HlAi

^p2.

^u.M^^/f^

LIBRARY OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM
HARVARD UNIVERSITY

THE MAGAZINE

HORTICULTURE,

BOTANY,

■V

AKD ALL VSEFITL DISCOVERIES AND IMFSOTEHENTS IK

RURAL AFFAIRS.

" Je Toodrais Mwofler tout TaDivert de mon goot pour )m jardios. J1 me Mmhle
qa'il est impossible qu'un m^cbant puisse Favoir. II n^est poiiil de vertus que je ne
•vipcKMc i celai que ahne k perier et k faire des Jardios. Peres de famille, inspirez la
)arfUBomaiue k vos eufaDS." — Prince de Ligne,

VOL. XXXI.
1865.

(vol. I., FIFTH SERIES.)

Edited bt C. M. HOYEY.

▲UTHOK OF THB '' FRUITS OF AMEBIGA."

BOSTON:

PUBLISHED BY HOVEY & CO., 58 NORTH MARKET BT.
1866.

^Aci>co c-r

/^^y^ ^/^

/^ IJE^BY W. i)imX)N & SON, PWNTERS,
90 AVD 98 Wa>bw«tov Stum.

CONTENTS.

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.

GK2IJUIAL SUBJBOT.

TbeProgTBMofHortleaUaTe. Bj the Editor, 1
ImU Beli* and IscAm, Bfadra. By H H.

Hwuneiroll 87

Voteliig Plants by Bon Heat. By Dr. Jas.

WeeS, -r ^ 48

The Qaidena of Borne. By H. H. Hanna-

w^ 98

Inwetk By the Editor, . .198

Obeerratione on Kaial TMte. ByD.W,

Lathzop, 197

Baioy D^ Seribblingi. By Geo. Jaauei, . 267
ImprMBfonB of EogUeh Seeneiy. By H.

W.8usent.Bsq, .... 825

Ooneeminf Coontry Besldenoes. By the

Ber.ATl) Oridley, * . .867
Oardeii Oo6>^, 246,869

HORTIOULTUEB.

OonftuioD in the Nanery. By D. TV. La-

thnip 12

TheOolocfof Pean. ByDr J 8. Houghton, 17
Spedmen of lonaiim. By P., . .19

Hoortbrenk*! Mode of Tralniog the Oiape

From Uie Vreneh, . .22

Bosh Apple Treee. By the Editor, . . 88
Vangas on Peart. By Dr. J. S. Hooghloa, 40
Pear Treee on the Wine GlaM Pattern. By

IT. ILAnetin 61

Seala Inaecte on Pear Trees. By Dr. J. 8.

Hooghton, 71

Onpe Caikare in Missaehosette. By the

Editor, 66

BMcrlption of Saleet varietlef of Pears.
Bt the Editor, . . . 77,146,866
Ifarle Louise d^Uoele, Abb« Edouard.

PanlAmbrA, 77

Pftnl Theliens, Boavenir d^Epperln, . 146
Oansel^ Late Bergamot, Alexandrine

DoniUaid, 866

Aaeriean Pomologloal Society. By the
Editor, . . . . . .97,129

Pear Trees in Pots. By T. lUrers, . . 137
CulUration of Yinej^rds. By the Editor, 161
Snmmer and Autumn Pears. By T. RlTers, 167
Collections of Pears. By J udge Qeo. Uoad-

lev, 178

Orange Culture. By T. Hirers, . .201

Our CuUnary Tfgetables. By the Editor, 226
Fruits and Fruit Culture in the West. By

the Editor 267

Preeerring Fruit By the Editor, . . 289
L'Uerault^s Mode of Cnldratlng Aspara-
gus. From the Gardeners' Chronicle, . 298
Review of the Grape Crop By the Editor, 868
Foar good Winter Pears. By D. W. La-

throp 860

Hybrid Grapes. By Jacob Moore, . 868

Pomologkal Gossip, 42, 117. 142, 207. 282,
271,296,880

ARBORICULTURE.

awvc^rvvum. Bt GeorgB Jaoues. . 108

Ornamental FoUaged I'reee. By the Editor, 821
Arborioultural Notices, .116

FLORICULTURE.

Culture of Marantas. From Llllustra-

tione Hortlcole, 81

TheWlgandia. By the Editor, .122

The dlsooverr of Victoria Ref^ By Sir

Robert H Schomburgk, . .148
New Variety of Agrostemma. By the Edi-
tor, 178

Booganvillea speoloea. By the Editor, . 209
The AUamandas. From the Gard. Chron. 286
The Hardy Ornamental Plants. From the

Gardener's Chronicle. .... 289
The Summer Flower Garden. From the

Gardeners' Chronicle, . . .274

Daphne oaeorum. By the Editor, . . 278
The Spring Flower Garden. From the

Gardeners' Chronicle, .... 888
Florloultural Notices, 69, 84, 161, 179, 212,
241,279,807,889

OONTENTS.

LIST OP ENGRAVINGS.

TEKIS AND PLANTS.

if. AlluDUuU NerUfoUa, .

12. Daphne Cneorum,
9. The Dwarf Fringed AgrostammA,
6. The Wigandia, . • . . ' .

OPERATIONS.

1 Uooribrenk'a Biethod of Training the
Orape,

2. Wine^laai Method of Training Pear
Treee, ....

»uoftAm.

^e. '18. Diagramofan AsparaguiPlantabon,
10. Section Plan of Conaerratory. .

. 278

211

.178
.128

FRUITS.

PIAU.

e
. 28

. 60

8.
18.
11.

Abb«Bdouanl,

Marie Looiae d'Uoele .

PanlAmbr«

PanlTheUens, ....
BouTenir d'&pertn, .
Oaneel's Late Bergamot. .
Alexandrine Doumard, ,

. 79
. 78
81
146
147
868
868

LIST OP PLANTS..

In the body of the Magadne, a few error* oocor In the spelling of the botaaloal nam
eai^talizing the generic and apeclfio namee, their derivadon and accentuation ; tlieaa i
corrected in the following liat of plante :

>aU

Liat of New Caladinmi,
Liste of Caladlunif,
Lista of Coniferous Trees,
List of Herbaceous PsDonies,
List of Indian Asaleas, .
List of Nosegaj Peiargoninms,

819,846

89,247

. 221

. 220

List of Oranges, 202

Lists of Fine Plants, . . 76, 111, n4, M6
Lists of Hardy Ornamental Plantih 240, 884
Ltet of Variegated Pelargoniums, 168

lists of Fine New Hoses, . . 242,279

.I'bies SmSfhtoiwi, 89

AbMlou TexiUirinm, 216

Jo4cia longifelia, 77

.Aointhns mont4nus, 808

il^oer peeiUlo pUtanusTar.

erythroeirpQiA 116
LeopUdn, 164

tart&ricum, 116

Achyrinthes Yerschaf-

ffeltn, 86. 872

i4di4ntnm onneitum, 240,814

Adtels ▼ernilis, 886

AghianAma marantsefili-

um. Tar. fiUis

nuurnUta, 214

Agfost4mma r^iaea, 178

iigi6stb nebuMsa, 188

jStifiiB pulch61la, 138

AllanHndft AubUtn, 287

granditldra, 287

nerlifeUa, 286

8eh6tt(«, 286

▼iolioea, 287

AlooAsia Uwtt Tar. picta, 212

Aia6philaaustrUis, 814

Alstrcemtoia densifldra, 841

Altemanth«ra spathulita, 844

is4tiTa, 814

281

888

Jndrosikoe cAraea,

Chamaq}4sme,

lanugintea,

TillAea,
Aneni6ne anguldsa,

palmita,

TemAlis,
Antennirta dioica rdaaa,
Aquiligia alplna, iwo

Arauoirlabraiiliensis, 89

imbricita, 89, 814

AflsieSna paplUdsnm, 180

Wlgfate^, 244

.Artemisia Annua, 241

il^rnm Palaestlnum, 244

JsoMplas syii^ca, 276

ilspltoinm BiUandteL 814
Ast^lia SolAndn, 248

As4lea fndlea, Tar. Grand

216

BegteiaR4z, 248

BtlbAi^Mi dleas, 248

Booo6nui cordAta, 276

Bonat4rteaJ6ncea, 285,814
BoogainTlllea speeUsa, 209
Bryondpsto lad n idsa. Tar.

erythrocArpa, 216
276

Bnlboe6dIum TAmum, 188, 886
Ceddiium BelUymei, 814

Chantlntt, 814

f&Igens, 86

Due. de Momy, 86

hastitum, 814

Lamartine, 86

Mad. Andrieu, 86

pfotum, 814

Oall&naTulgArls, 809

Calocisiaewmlteta, 248

Cam4Uta Japdnica. Tir,
ArohduoheiM
Stienne,

Olaidino Schoilts,

planipetala,
Cuina gig&ntea,
OAttfeya qu4drico1er,
Cephalotixua Fort&nti,
Gteeus dodeoAden,

grandtfldrus,

MaMlon&klMS,

nyolacaikUs,
Oheirinthus alplnuf ,

MarahAlK,

oehrole&oa,
dMus discolor,
Clematis lanugintea ote-

didis^ 68

284

168
216
248
248
89
77

SI
299

281

886

814

CONTENTS.

CMiBAti* iihraa, 69

OUmu YenolulKlttt, 249, S14

CHcniM MogniDea, 260

CiteiM Aachdrj, tt#

fib' Walter Seott, 884

La M^yesteow, 884

SiuUuiMat, 188

TAmus, 884

OkyptamM^pteSca, 89,246

Cnpr^»iu eaoilM, 89

AmAbris, 89

grlcilis, 89

gla&ca, 89, 76
LmooUiMh 89,188.246

torrnlia, 89

Qjprf^edium oaneolor, 807

D^hn* cnetoUBl) 878

DBTftlla «iegaiu, 814

DeDdrtblom kedT^amiia, 806

staUe, 840

De&tua ereniia, fl pi, 11

DUaChiu alplnns, 887

iin^iMto Hwldeirign, SH

■Moy Tarlettes, 887

naytm ezlmla, M3, 887

DIpladtelia ii6biU>, 214

XMee^Uieoa IntegriAUa, 888

179
814
814
814
841
885
886

Damhiya Bui

grteilli,
tflrmlnAUs,

Burgteno,
l»radUtosi«,

Aythrdnium ate»-«tok,

ftviilelihni sAiraiii*

liftiiiiMi C^^fm, 167

SvphAtbiaMontelrH 842

Ffeamla FeroUflro, 242

^«4(», 2M

ttngltAiM, 242

Fo oAU^ itt longs^Tft, 840
eal&BtlraspUSitvf , 188, 886

BntMltia'foxunetMiL 69

OeaethjUicflmbittta, 86

OteMn dambwina, 186

IfaemftBUiiu faMsamitiu, 842

Bnitlea aacoUfla, 886
AiUMW CoopteM, 168, 814

Hlpiwtiih iim pnSotTDDiy 86

Bfpoe^tteB laiiffnliiol^nta, 246
^Betnthoaaftieltajiklinis, 886

Inrfne Hiibsin, 218

rikcilat&ta, 884

genniiiiea, 276

p6mi]a, 884
nlieaUta,

ttphtaA,

zIphMdM,

littrtoaaxoRlitmi

/■nipenia nblna

VtrciiiUaa,
inMia pne^tans,
UakaaMna Birtoft,

188,881
884

apafiht

jftpUoA, ' 277

277
842
89
112
218
8tf
814
212
iTtoram,

Bjapdnioa, 88

Ivm anrtUnn, 888, 871
tenulfUiiiia, 880

llMoehMiu HonfUlM, HO
Maele^ma pdlehia, 62

Xad&mteieiuipidita, 116

MacDdlui Lsiiii«, 247

l^hdnia trUbUita, 76

japdiiloa, 89

Bfan^ttia mlcaiw, 180

Ifarinta puloh^llfc 814

Mbrtna, 81

Mui&nChas Drommoodi*

dmu, 840

iMfram athamAntlcuin, 241
Monodm^tum dkrftnllie-

ram, 244

MAsa naTendiffht^, 814

MtucJiri bytryofdet, 886

AiyoBdtifl alp4ttrlf , 888

montina, 888

■ylTlUoa, 8d8

iVaiciniu Bidbooddiiim

d&bloB, 886

JancUoUos, 886
Negiaido ftmlcfaiUUliini

▼arieg^tuin, 247

PMtota albifltea, 276

MUllt, 276
Pemddtms JayAanieiii Ta*

rMta, 814

Pavitta borbdnlea. 814

PtolargAniam BiiniliigBiufa,168

Gloire de Clermont, 60

Mrs. Polloek, 168

Pktnratom, 158

Sunni, 168

Peritt&riaaUta. 166

PhaUmdpsii SehilkrkMa, 841

PU6z decuuita, 277

fronddia* 886

Nelfldm, 886

Phttnloot>hftriiim Secbel*

Idmm, 246

Phytolieoa dioksa, 77

Ploea balBimea, 111

oephabSoioa, 247

n^llte, 247

NordmaiiidMl, 247

pectlnita,

111

Dichta,
tazU&Ual

89
89
89

PhMU aufltriAca,

112

Ctaibia,

887

exo4I«^

fiUftUa,

macrophylla,

pal6stris,

pitula,

reriodaa,

112

BDlypMium aireom.

Primula dlkta,

184

887

ISStt

887
887

stD4iiiia flmbrl4ta,

.167

Pr^CLstiapyrUbUa,

1*>

Ptirbargyrte,

248

814

•erruUta,

814

trkwlor.

814

Punohklma aeilUoldef ,

Bafll&tdMioiUolita,

liafiAiiculaB ampkodeaUte, 886

bulUtua 11 pi.,

886

ob&a.

247
M7

pititea,

217

aAiea,

2«7

RhaphiiBopda Jap6oka,

iQiodod^ndroii

intenrectna, 2B8
SalmSueo

841

RMopdia eorooradiiMla, 814
Jongfa6t, 814

Bobioia hiBpida, 117, 274

peendocida Deoabne-

idna. 116, 216

TiaoAia, 276

Boee, BKnperor of Mexico, 848

Rndb^kta purp&vea, 276

Saponiria csMpitdea. 886

<Skixifraga Andrftwen, 887

luteoTiridia, 887

Koohelkbia, 887

BuuistiAldn, 88S

Sehlnua mdlle, 76

Sdadopltvf TertioiUita, 247

flbiUablfilla, —

pm^xAIba,

886

836

dblrloa, 9^i&

Adum globlftrum, 887

hirtum, 887

•emperrirans, 887

Sntoe acaAUa 4U>a, 886

alptetrlfl, 886

extoipa, 886
Si^yrinehJum gnodtfld-

rom, 884

Onllaz omita, 848

Splr»'aari»f&Ua, 274

Thunbeign, 878

Btemb^rgta lutea, 886

8trelit»daug<l8ia, 814

StuArtta pentagynia, 248

Swaliirtnui oo^dentUIs, 180

3^gei«« p&mila, IM

Tamac^tnm oriapum, 241

TazMium ■anperrtrenf, 89
Telelantheia flooldtia t^

aicolor, 818

Thrlnax daotlUftna, 814

ThaUctnim mlnvli, 241

BiaeioeAipa, 247

nepal^naia, 80

aibMea, 111

Tlmjopaia box^4B*, 89, 247, 814

dolabrita, 247

Tarlegits, 247, 814

maorocirpa, 247

TritelUa unifltea, 884

TritAnii orooiita, 810

Ureeollna p«ndida, 62

Yelkieia c4ndida, 807

Fer^trum Bignim, 276

F^rbtaa Populan, 288

TetsohalMlttafptaidldK, 216

Tlet6ifa rftgia, 148

Wlgftndwi narawalm, 128,814

Waahingtomo, 88

Tteeaaloelf&UaTaikgUa, 814

oanalioolMis 61

oonciTa, 61

oorai^tai, 61

gloritea, 76

TrecuUdao, 61

Zygopltalum btaohypitftl*

oxuiltumi

Ittokayt,

286

286
204

\
\
vi

CONTENTS.

LIST OF FRUITS.

APPLES.
Baehelor^s Bliashf
Bon Davis, .
Brenneman,
Cheney,
rogMwell,
Cooper's Redlin,
Cornel rs Fancy,
Rrenlng Party,
Pallenwalder,
Vallawater.

Orimes Ooldca Pippin,
JeffHes,

King of Tompkins Go.,
KUproth,
lippineott Swe*t,
Magnom Booom,
31ilan,

Monmouth Pippin,
Northern Spy,
Ohio Nonparirt,
Orange Pippin,
Princely,
Ubflton Pippin,
Bl Ige Pippin,
Wagener,
Lilt of Apples,

100

101

100

16,99

100

101

100

101

100

BLAOKBIRRnS.
Mason's Mountain, 122

Kittatlny, 273

OHSRRin.
Binuf Boeky Mountain, 122

nos.

Castle Kennedy,

121

GOOSSBIRILIIS.
NebnakaProliiie, 122

ORAPW.
AhMe, 144

Adirondae. 42, 67, 108, 278, 888
Allen's Hybrid, 19, 67» 106
Black Hambuif , 148, 284
Black Prince, 148, 284

Black Monukka, 148

Biossard Blanc, 144

Bvrohardt's Primw, 148

Cannon Hall Mnsoal, 144

Oatalensia Yera, 148

Ofaasselas Rose de Valloaz, 144
Ohasselas Tibert, 121

Oharoush, 284

OlintoB, 106

Ok>Ter Street Blaek, 881

Concord, 107, 119

OMTeUing, 67,108,882

Cuyahoga, 107

Dana, 68

DeUwaM, 21

Diana, 106

INanaHambuTg, 105,881

Dutch Hamboq^, 148

Bsperione, 148

Vramingliam, 68

Viankenthal, 148

Hart*Nrd Proline, 107
lona, »,67,104,888

Isabel]*, 107, 157

Israalla, 20, 67, 106

iTe's Madeira, 107

lAdy Downe's BeedUng, 148
Lydia, 47, 106

MaxaUwny, 104, 832

Miles, 107

Moroeeo Prince, 148

Muscat Hamburg, 148

Nonantnm, 68

Ontario, 108

Raisin de Calabre, 144

Rebecca, 104

RecTes' Mnsea^ne, 144

Rogers* Uybri<^, 68,106,888

Royal Muscadine, 144

Siderites Smyrna, 144

Taylor's BuUet, 120

Thompson's Wine, 122

To Kalon, 106

Tokay des Jardins, 144

West's St. Peteit, 148

White Muscat of Alexand-
ria, 144
WhiUNIce, 144
New Seedling, 120
list of New Seedling

Grapes, 69, 880

New Muscat, 278

Fine Grapes, 296

Grapes, 67, 102, 148. M^

816,881

Maltese Blood,

206

St Michael's,

206

Tangierlne,

206

PBACHSS.

Baigen's Yellow,

Crawlbrd's Late,

Barly Crawftml,

Hale's lariy.

186,274

Yellow Rareripa,

NewPeaehes,

881

PIABS.

Andrews,

182

Bergen,

188

Beurr^d'AMaUs,

182,169

d'Ai^ou,

Clairgeau,

16,181

deCasn,

170

JHel, 66,172,844

GiUkrd,

168

Goubault,

169

Haidy,

188, 170

UngeUer,

66 181

188

IX. '

170
184

SuperAn,

170

BonChr4tien,

169

Bonne d'Bwe,

181

Ootanard'lt^,

171

GolumUa,

182

Onssans.

170

Dana's Hanf,

117

DeTtongrss/'

180

Dix,

Doyenne d'Aleneoa, 182

Boussook, 170

du Cornice, 129

d'£t«, 168

Ducbesse d'Angoukme, 17,

66.884

de Berri d'Bt4, 168

d'Orleans, 14, 171

Edmonds, 7

Flemi^ Beauty, 188

Frederica Bremer, 184

Fondaote d'Automne, 171

Gansel's Beigamot, 170

General Todleben, ITS

Glout Moroeau, 14, 66

GratiAU of Jersey, 171

Howell, 184

Jalousis de Fontenay, 171

Jaminette, 188

Jargonelle, 169

Keele HaU Beurr4, 48

Kingsessing, 188

Kirtland, 184

L'Abb« Bdonard, 79

UCur6, 188

Louine Bonne de Jersey, 17, 41

Madame Tryre, 169

Marshal de la Oour, 172

Manning's BUnbeth, 184

Marie Ouisse, 119

Louim, 184, 176

d'Uode, 77, 172

MoDseigneur de Hons, 109

Mnnkingum, 184

Napoleon, 176

Oswego Beurr4, I'M

Paul Ambr6, ' 80

Paul Tbellens, 146

Pitmaston Ducbesse d'An-

gouleme, 44

Queen of August, 182

Rokeby, 169

Seckel, IS

Sheldon, 180

SouTenhr d'Bspeite, 146

St Michael. 66

Sterens's Genesee, 182

Tyson, 169

Yan Mons, 178

Yicar. 188

Wilmington, 180
LIstofPears, 129,176,296

PLUMS.

Nebraska Seedling, 122
Thompson's Golden Gem, 122

RASPBSRRIBS

Philadelpbia,
B«l,

122
185
186

STRAWBKRBin.

Admiral Dundas, 288

Agrtoulturlst, 186, 206

Baltimore Scarlet, 186

Bartlett, 7

Biiou, 6

Boston Pine, 187

British Quasih 186

Biiflkk), 121,196,207.297

Bnrr^ Hew Pine, 185. 218

Crtaaaoa llftTor, 217

ruimore, 134,218

Fzoieh's Seedling, 186, 208

8«n. Gnnt, 208

iSatdling, 186

CONTENTS.

Hooker,

217

Hovey,

6,288

JennjLind,

185,217

Juennda,

137

La Coiutante,
Leonlg'B White,

«,20S.»»

Lncaa,

Vll

Triomphe de Oend, 6, 186, 217
TioUope>i Yiotorlft. 185

Llirte of StnwberrlM, 1%.

Nimrod.
BoMell*! Prolffle,

LIST OF VEGETABLES.

OABBAGXS.

Turban,

818

TOMATOES

Bramhend,

818

Cook's

Choke,
■ BeedllDg,

156,818

TUden'

166,818

SQUASHES.

(hnndnCnokNeek,

818

TAM.

■aM«i4,

818

Chlneee,

LIST OP CORRESPONDENTS.

Autin, Capt. Wm. R., .... 61

BuiMt,A. U, 46

I>, 19

Inii, H<RU J. M., 867

— »r. 1, 88, 48, 69, 66, 77. 84, 97, 116, 117,

128, 125. 180, 1^ 146, 1517156, 167, 161,

178, 179, 198, 207, 212, 282, 225, 282, 285,

242, 246, 251, 257. 271, 278, 279, 289, 295,

807, 809, 821, 880, 389, 868, 866

iaolt,¥.lL. . . .... 47

QiUej, BoT. A. D., 857

Hoadly, Jndge Geocge, . .173

Honghfo>n,J.8, . . . 17,40,71
Hoxmewell, H H., . . . . 87,78
Jaqnei, Qeoite, .... 108,189,967
Lothrop, D. W., . . . . 12, 197, 860

Moore, Jaeoh, 808

Riven, T^ 187.167

Surgent, H. W., 885

Sohombor^, Sir Robert H., . . . 148
Weed, Dr. Jamee, . «... 48
Wheeler, e. H., 48

GENERAL INDEX.

Afnetea&ma, Kew ▼aiieU' ot 178

A&niaiidae,The 285

Apple Trees, Bosh, .... 88
Arboricnltoral Nottcee, . ... 116
Aiqnrasae, L'Heraoire Mode of CnltlTai'g, 298
Ooontiy Berfdenoes, ooooeming, . 857

Daphne eneonun, 278

DIeinn, N«w White, .... 179
Bngwi Soenery, Impreflilonfl of; . 825

Bmgr ee na . 106

Tranepiftntlng, • • . . 284

riorienltaral Netfeef , 59, 84, 151, 179. 212.

242,279,807,889

flower Garden, The flammer, 274

The Spring, 838

Vroet, Joeeph, Death oC ... 874
fmH Hboee, Prof. Nyee^ ... 271

Fniit, Preeerring, 289

Vraite and Pmit Cnltnre In the West, . 267
ffolte, NebTMfca, ..... 122
OMrdenOoeRip, .... 245, 889
Oetdene of Rome, The, ... 78

Oeneral M otieea, . . 181,281,809,871
OoMip of the Month, . . . 157,188

Grape Crop, Review o<; .... 858

Qrape Culture In Maaiaohiuetti, . 66

in the Par Weet, 46

Grape, Hooribrank's Mode of Training, 22

Grapei fai Ohio, 46

In the London Hort. 8ootetj*f Gardm, 142

Giapee, IiabeUa, in MaMaohoMtti, . 167

Hybrid . 868

NewMoeeat, . . . • . 278
Splendid, .... 288,298

Heath, A NatiTO of MeMaohneeMt, 809

Herbarium, A National, ... 168

H. H. HunneweU, Bm., Rerfdenoe of . 245

Hohnei,Dr.Biiddel,Deathof, . 94

Hollyhooks, 29

Hooker, SfarWimamJ., Death of;. . 874

Hortienltnre. Progreee <rf; . * . 1
Horttenltoral Opexattona :—

Jannary, 81

Pebmary, 68

Maf«h, 96

AprQ, 126

Say? 188

Jona, 199

VIU

CONTENTS.

Hortlcnltanl Opeiftlloiif :<
July,

Angntt,
SeptemMTt
October,
Norember,

How to get a larm, And where lo find on*. 125

iDieets, 198

loneiam, SpeeiBien of, .... 19

leola Bella end I«>UMadT»,. 87

Kelly, Dr. S. O., Beddenee of, . 246

Lodge, Dr. H., Reeldenoe of, . . 809

Blanmtu, Caltoreof; .... 81

Nareery, Oonfttelon in the, ... 12
Obitnuy, . . . .94,222,251,874

Orange Cultaie, ..... 201

Oa^ Toong Folks, 125

Peney, end Its Coltore, 186

Pazton, Sir Joeeph, Deeth ot 222, 261

Peachee, AmericM, In KnglADd, . 42

Pear Treee in Pots. 187, 187

on the Wine-giMS Pattern, . 61

Beak Inseets on, .... 71

Pears, OoUeetions of , . 178

Deocitptioas of fieleet, ... 886

Fine, 286

Fonr good Antnmn, 860

Fnngnson, 40

Sonuner and Antnmn, . 187
Select Tarleties of, ... 77,146

The Colors of, 17

Pelanoniams, Donble-Flowered, . 60

Whiter Tarlegated, ... 162

Pine Apples, Handsome, ... 298

Planters, Hints to Omsmcntal, • 872

Phmto, Forcing by 8nn Heat, . 48

mfdy Ornunentsl, ... 289

NewFoUaged 69

OldFksUraed, «... 872

PoUen, Preservatloo of; . _. _ 185
Pomological Gossip,

264
287

860
875

42,117,149.207.282,
Sn,SB6,880

PoMologkal Woik, Nsiv, ... 47

Potatoes from Seed, .... 164

Sweet, How to grow them, 158

Prlmnla sinensis flmhriata, . 167

Primroses, ChUieae, .... 161

Bahiy Day Seribblhigs, .... 267

Red Spider, Destroyhig the, ... 166

Reriews, 125

Roes Show of the Royal Hort. Society, 279

Roees, New and Fine. .... 242

Rural TSste, Obsenratlons on, 197

Society, American Institute, 286

American Pomolofical, . 97,129

Belmont Farmers' Club, 218

Cambridge Hortleultuffsl, 844

Fruit Growers of Western New Tork, 217

BCassaehusetts Horttcultund, 29, OT. 189.

220. 286, aU), 846

Addrsss of the President, 87

Annual Bxhibitkm, ... 818

Thirty-Serenth AnnirsrsMy . 847

Dedication of New HaU, . 811

Opening of the Hall, 220

Report of Finance Committee, 98

Hew England Agricultural, . 286

PennsylTanU Horticultural, . 86,845

Worcester County Horticultural, . 285

Spring Flowers and SpringOardoiing, 181

Strawberry Show la New York, . t32

StmwberriBS, 207

Todd, William, Death of, ... 222

Tomatoes, New, 166

Ttees, Omamentsl Foliaged« > . . 821

Tegetabies, Our I'ullnary^ ... 225

Yerbenas, Striped, 212

yictoriaRegia,Disoofst7ef,. . . 148

Vhierles, Cheap, 188

Vineyards, CuUlTatloii of, ... 161

Walnut Grafting, 187

Wlgandia, The, 121

Woodward's Conntiy Houisiiy 125

Tam, Chinese, 28

TouagQafdener'sAssist^t«. . . 125

/ /it iit d</ Cl\ ^Jy^J€^i

Fyth Series, Tol I

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4. Specimen of lonaism. By D. 19

5 Hooibrenk's Mode of Trainmg the Grape, . - - . 32

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THE

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FOB 1666.

•Ferxxxsy 0a A "STeAX*.

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2 Advertising Sheel of the Mag. of Horticulture.

RARE AND BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS !

AND

NOV^ELTIES FOU 1865

HO^^i:^!^ Ac oo.

INVITE THE ATTENTION OF CULTIVATORS TO THEIR UNRIVALLED COL-
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Including all the novelties worthy of attention, and comprising the

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have been exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, and have been award-
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16 Beautiful Varieties in sealed packets, - - $1 50

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Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture. 3

NEW STRAWBERRY.

THE AGRICULTURIST.

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Are DOW prepared to receive orders for this new varietj, which ifl stated to be one of
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TWENTIETH ANNUAL VOLUME.

THE HORTICULTURIST, 1865.

A Monthly Magazine for every one who has a

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BUSH APPLE TREES.

Wb have, in our previous volumes, directed the attention of
our readers to the importance of tDe introduction of Dwarf
Apple Trees into our gardens, and strongly urged their more
extensive culture, both in large and small collections of fruit.
But either from the fact, that apples are usually abundant
and cheap in our market, or that dwarf apples are considered
uuprofitable objects, they have not yet obtained that promi-
nent place which they fully deserve in the fruit garden.
Dwarf pears have plenty of advocates, but the apple
seems to have been almost entirely overlooked.

Many years ago Mr. Rivers, the well-known cultivator, pub-
lished an article on the growth of dwarf apples, which he
designated the *^ Miniature Fruit Garden," and from that pe-
riod up to the present time, nearly forty years, he has not
only continued to cultivate the trees, but has published a
small volume entitled the ^^ Miniature Fruit Garden," the
12th edition of which has recently appeared, containing addi-
tional experience acquired in the culture of these trees,
which he now calls " Bush Apple Trees," from the facility
with which they are made to assume the bush form, and at
the same time yield abundant and profitable crops of fruit

The culture of these dwarf trees is yet very limited in our
country, and it is only within a few years that they have at-
tracted any attention ; but as they become better known, and
their real value appreciated, they will, we are sure, be con-
sidered almost as indispensable as the pear. They are less
particular as to soil than tlie pear, grow quite as readily, oc-
cupy but little more space than a currant bush, and bear
three to six dozen of large and beautiful fruit each. Besides
thb, they are so completely within the control of the cultiva-
tor, that if the canker worm attacks the trees, they can easily
be destroyed by the application of whale oil soap. Now that
this pest is so destructive to orchard trees, the bush apples
will suj^ly their place, and the same ground, covered with a

VOL. zxn. — ^No. n. 8

34 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE,

dozen or two trees, will produce nearly the same quantity as
a standard, and much larger and more beautiful fruit.

We have a large and fine collection of dwarf trees, and it
is our intention to devote considerable space to the dissemi-
nation of information which will lead to their more extensive
culture ; but as we are not quite prepared to give the result
of our experience, we avtiil ourselves just now of a short ex-
tract from Mr. Rivers's last edition, showing how easily these
bush trees may be grown, and the probable supply of fruit
they will afford : —

" I have reason to think," observes Mr. Rivers, " that a
great change may be brought about in suburban fruit culture
by these bush trees. I have shown how bush pears on quince
stocks may be cultivated. Pears are, however, a luxury ; ap-
ples and plums are necessaries to the families of countless
thousands who live in the vicinity of our large populous
towns and cities ; and a new chapter of the Miniature Fruit
Grardcn is therefore devoted to an explanation of the manner
in which apples may be grown on bushes on the «paradise
stock. There is this, too, in addition to the question of profit-
ableness, which may be urged in favor of bush-formed trees,
that some good sorts which are not exactly tractable when the
pyramid form is imposed upon them, are yet manageable
enough under the less formal character of bushes, and such
are exceedingly well adapted for small gardens.

The treatment of these bush trees is very simple, and the
return, if they are judiciously managed, certain. First of all
it is to be remembered that the trees are to be worked on the
paradise stock, and like other fruit trees, are all the better for
going through a preparatory course of treatment in the nur-
sery quarters. Trees of two or three years old are those
recommended to be used, and such, if the preparation has
been judicious, may be expected to commence bearing the
first season after {Anting. The space originally allotted to
them should be three feet from row to row, and three feet in
the row, for ordinary sorts ; but for large growers, such as
Bedfordshire Foundlibg, a space of four feet should be al-
lowed. When the trees have grown so as nearly to toudi

FEBRUAET. 85

each other, every alternate one should be removed — these be-
iag available for another plantation — so that they may stand
four and a half feet apart in quincunx order, the formula for
accomplishing which is to take away all the trees represented
by odd numbers in the fii*st and third rows, and those repre-
sented by even numbers in the second and fourth, and so on
alternately, or vice versa. The larger growers are to be
thinned out upon the same plan. After the lapse of 16 or
20 years the trees of every alternate row must be taken
away, and planted elsewhere.

Then as to the summer treatment of these trees, the princi-
pal feature is the assiduous carrying out of the mode of
pruning denominated ^ summer pinching,' which consists in
regvilarly, from the beginning of June to the end of August,
pinching or nipping off the end of every shoot ' as soon as it
has made five or six leaves, leaving from three to four full-
sized ones;* or if the leaves are very thickly placed, as they
are on some varieties, the rule may be to leave the shoots at
from 8i to 4 inches in length.

If it should happen that from the favorable condition or
fertility of the soil, the trees are inclined to grow too vigor-
ously, the cure is to remove them biennially, or rather to cut
their roots, the plan Mr. Rivers recommends being to dig a
circular trench 1 foot from the stem of the tree, and intro-
ducing the spade under its roots to heave it up so as to de-
tach them all from the soil ; then to fill in the earth dug
from the trench, and tread it gently on to the roots. If the
* pinching in ' suffices to moderate the vigor of the trees, and
a state of healthful fertility is induced by this treatment
alone, then the transplanting or root-cutting may be deferred
for a longer period.

A plantation of bush apple trees ought to be remunerative,
and Mr. Rivers instances his own plot of 100 trees of Cox's
Orauge Pippin, planted in the spring of 1862, which bore a
fine crop of most beautiful fruit in 1868, and an almost over-
abundant one in the present year. These trees, which are
on the paradise stock, * will this season, the third of their
growth in tlieir present quarters, and the fourth of their age,
give an average of a quarter of a peck from each tree, so

36 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTURE.

that we might have from 4840 trees, growing on one acre of
ground, 302 bushels of fine apples, which even this abundant
season would be (if Cox's Orange) worth 5s. per bushel, or
75/. In 1866, the trees, then averaging half a peck each,
would double this sum, and make an acre of apple trees
a very agreeable and eligible investment.' And that his
readers may feel satisfied he is not tlieorising, but deducing
facts from a sound basis, Mr. Rivers points out that besides
his plantation of Cox's Orange Pippin, he has another, con-
sisting of 400 bush trees, which has been in existence for up-
wards of 10 years, so that he may be accredited with ample
experience of the subject.

Some further illustrations of this mode of cultivating ap-
ples in its bearing on the future may be briefly referred to.
Let us suppose, with our mentor, ' a rood of ground planted .
as described, with 1210 bush apple trees. In the course of
eight or ten years half of these, or 605, may be removed to a
fresh plantation, in which they may be planted six feet apart;
they will at once occupy half an acre of ground. At the
end of 16 or 18 years, every alternate row of trees in the
first plantation, the rood, will require to be removed, which
will give 302 to be planted six feet apart, leaving 303 on the
original rood. The 1210 trees will by tliis time occupy one
acre of ground at six feet apart. With proper summer prun-
ing or pinching they will not require any further change, but
continue to grow and bear fruit as long as they are properly
cultivated. The great advantage reaped by the planter is the
constant productiveness of his trees ; from the second year
after planting they will be always " paying their way." The
luiprejudiced fruit cultivator will quickly find out the great
advantage of my mode of apple and pear cultivation.'

These pictures are tempting enough, we imagine, to set us
all planting bush apple trees. That it is a very interesting as
well as a profitable mode of culture seems unquestionable,
that it is especially suited for the small gardens of amateurs
is certain, and that it ofiers a very ready means of obtaining
good samples of the choicer sorts of this most useful of
fruits, and of securing a crop, too, from the ready manner in
which protection might, if necessary, be aflTorded, is equally
beyond doubt."

PEBBUABT. 87

ISOLA BELLA AND ISOLA MADRE.

BT H. B. flUNNXWSLL, BSQ.

We left Turin on a beautiful morning for Arona, on Lake
Maggiore, where we arrived after some four hours' ride by
the railroad, having had the Alps, covered with snow, in full
view all the time. There we took a small steamboat, and
after a short hour's sail were landed on the Isola Bella, one
of the celebrated Borromean Islands, which it would seem
was, some two hundred years ago, very much like Egg Rock,
at Nahant; the ancestor of the present Count Borroraeo
having commenced his improvements in 1670, transforming
the barren rock into one of the most elaborate and curious,
if not interesting, examples of the artificial style of Italian
gardens. The southerly side, which we saw first, presents a
most striking and theatrical effect, being composed of ten
stone terraces, raised one above the other to the height of
ninety-two feet above the level of the lake, their sides show-
ing one mass of foliage, being covered with orange and
lemon trees, trained en espalier j and the parapets decorated
with towel's, fountains and statuary, in great profusion.
Prom the upper terrace, which is very large, you look down
upon the gay parterres below, the groves of orange trees,
Magnolia grandiflioras, and rare trees and plants of every de-
scription, with the beautiful lake, surrounded by mountains,
including the Simplon, offering altogether one of the most
enchanting views imaginable. The palace, at the opposite end
of the island, has no architectural attractions whatever, but
is very large, and the apartments are very lofty, in almost
regal style, and are decorated with some valuable paintings.
We were shown a chamber occupied by Napoleon I., who
passed a night there just previous to the battle of Marengo,
and a large laurel tree in the gardens, in the back of which
he cut the word " Battaglia." The labor and expense In
cutting out the terraces in the solid rock, the construction of
rockeries, grottoes, innumerable steps, porticos, walls, &c.,
are almost incredible with modern notions, to say nothing of
tlic transportation of materials and the great quantity of

88 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

soil required, every shovelful of which was carried there.
But there is another island, still more interesting, belonging
to the same family, which went through pretty much the
same process, called the Isola Madre, about one mile off, to
which we were rowed in a small boat, and which, being
larger, some eight or ten acres, I should think, is treated more
after the English style of landscape gardening, and is much
more pleasing. Imagine my astonishment on approaching it,
to sec the shore, which, on one side, is bold and rocky, cov-
ered with any quantity of aloes as large again as ours, yuccas,
enormous cactus, palms, and numerous other exotic plants,
growing wild, as it were, among the rocks, and, what I had
never seen, one of the aloes had blossomed this summer, and
though the flower had faded, the stalk remained some ten or
twelve feet high! After going up some twenty or thirty
steps cut in the rock, we reached a terrace, where the first
thing that caught my eye was a little hedge of the pretty
cotoneaster, with its small, bright, shining leaves and scarlet
berries. A few minutes more and I was standing before a
Cedar of Lebanon half as large again as that in the '^ Jardin
des Ptantes^^ in Paris. I turned around and was inclined to
drop on my knees before a lovely weeping juniper, some fif-
teen feet high. Then I recognized one of my favorite rhodo-
dendrons, as large as a small load of hay, and as I approached
nearer to it, almost out of breath with wonder and admira-
tion, what should start out of its branches but half a dozen
pheasants, (the island is full of pheasants and partridges,)
which about finished me for a moment. On examination I
found the trunk was some twelve inches in circumference ;
to have counted the buds on it would have required the
whole winter ! To enumerate all the rare trees and shrubs
which incited my attention would require many pages; a
great many I never saw before ; some, twenty or thirty feet
high, I recognized as having seen in our greenhouses in six-
inch pots. The Ligustrum japonica, which I supposed a
shrub, I found was here a medium-sized tree, and a beautiful
one it was ; and so camellias, oleanders, pomegranates, arbu-
tus, myrtle, hollies, laurels, and the mespilus, the latter in
full blossom, were good-sized trees; fuchias, heliotropes,

FEIBIFJLBT. 89

&Q,j large shrubs. Evergreen trees and shrubs were so nu-
merous, aud the grass so green, with roses and many plants
still iu blossom, that one could hardly believe it was not tlie
middle of the summer, iustead of near December ! A Ju-
niperus sabina, trailing on the lawn, was a beauty in form
aud luxuriance, requiring some forty paces to go around it.
Anotlier on the slope of a hill, covered many hundred feet
of surface. There were Deodar cedars of all sizes, up to
thirty feet or more; enormous Taxodiums sempcrvirens ;
large Piceas pichtas, Pinsapos, vciy handsome, and taxi-
folias; Araucarias, imbricata and braziliensis, also the ex-
celsa, which, from having made its growth in the open air,
was more stocky and much handsomer than any I ever saw
before. This requires the protection of glass in winter.
Then there were Cunninghamias sinensis, twenty-five feet
high; Cryptomeria japonica and Thuja nepalensis, twenty
feet ; Abies Smithiana, fifteen feet ; Cephalotaxus Fortunii,
same ; and lots of Cupressus, which were lovely beyond de-
scription, such as Cupressus funebris, torrulosa, excelsa,
glauca, gracilis, aud a Himalayan pine ten to thirty feet, with
the horizontalis and pyramidalis, which you see in every di-
rection, the latter pointed sharp as a needle, and as straight
and compact as if grown in a mould, and to a great height ;
Piuus palustris, patula and excelsa, fifteen feet high, witli
small specimens of Pinus macrophylla, Montezuma, filifolia,
Cupressus Lawsoniana, Thujopsis borealis, Washingtonia, &c.
With only five or six degrees of frost, which the gardener
told me was as cold as they ever have it here in this favored
spot, very few tilings require any protection. Over the orange
trees, which are under the terraces, temporary sheds are
erected, and straw caps, supported by stakes, ture placed over
some of the most tender plants. I was amused to see one
over a Mahonia japonica, a sturdy fellow who does not flinch
with the thermometer 20^ below zero at Wellesley.
• With all the beautiful and rare trees I have mentioned,
some as single specimens on the lawn, some in groups, with
walks winding about in every direction, occasionally leading
to a beautiful view on the lake, with the sun setting on the
tops of tlie mountains, covered with snow, you can form some

40 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

idea of what a fairy land this little island must be, and what
a delightful afternoon I passed, and evening, I might add, for
it was after dark before we took our seats in the boat to re-
turn to the Isola Bella, where there has been a hotel built, (a
great blemish it is to tlie place,) where we passed the night,
leaving next morning before daylight, fortunately to catch
the boat, for it would have been no easy matter for me to go
off with such attractions before my eyes, even with Lakes Lu-
gano and Como for my destination ! And so ends our visit
to the Borromoan Islands.

FUNGUS ON PEARS.

BT J. 8. HOUGHTON, PUILADELPmA.

It is now pretty generally conceded, we believe, that the
unsightly black spots which are so frequently seen on the
surface of pears and apples are caused by a parasitic fungus.
The celebrated writer on this subject, Rev. M. J. Berkley of
England, calls it tlie Cladosporium dentriticum^ though, so far
as most of us are concerned, he might christen it with any
other formidable scientific title, and leave us just as wise as
wo are at present, with the above mysterious cognomen.
Mr. Berkley says, however, that the spots have in the first
instance undoubtedly originated in the growth beneath the
real cuticle, and thus destroyed the vitality of the subjacent
tissue. After a time, the cuticle bursts, to allow the fertile
threads to break out into the air, and bear fruit. There
is no reason to suppose, ho continues, that this fungus is a
new visitant, as some kinds of apples have always been sub-
ject to this spotting. But he thinks it is far more prevalent
than it was 30 years ago, and the discovery of an effectual
remedy would be a great benefit to horticulturists.

One idea suggests itself, as a means of defence against thfs
pest, and that is to gather and destroy the affected fruit
before the fungus arrives at maturity, and its "fertile
threads," or spawn, are capable of reproducing the injurious
disease.

PEBBUARY. 41

Or, is the ftingns produced spontaneously by an imperfect
organization of tree and fruit, or by the action of soils and
manures, by excess of moisture, or by drouth ?

Almost all the theories that can be set up are controverted
by abundant facts.

If you say that the fungus is due to an arid soil, I will
show you pear trees growing in a very moist, protected spot,
in a famous garden in German town, near Philadelphia, with
an entire crop of fruit, annually blackened and spotted with
fimgi so as to be entirely worthless.

If you say that it is excess of moisture at the roots, I will
show you the fungus on high, sweet soil, sub-soiled and
under-drained.

If you say it is excessive heat of climate which produces
the fungus, I may reply that it prevails in the moist, cool
climate of England, — while the fairest fruit ever seen in
America is produced, free from fungus,, in the comparatively
hot, arid climate of Delaware and Maryland.

Not all varieties of pears are affected alike with us, or in
one orchard or garden. The Louise Bonne de Jersey, which
almost everywhere is grown fair, and free from fungus, is
with mo, especially, the subject of this pest. I fancied that
this was in some degree caused by excess of crop, and want
of moisture at the roots, and I moved about thirty large
dwarf trees from high and somewhat dry ground, and planted
them alongside of a surface drain, on a cool western expos-
ure, together with some White Doyenne, similarly affected.
The first season after removal, these trees were permitted to
bear a little, but no marked improvement, as to the presence
of fungus, was exhibited by the fruit.

In city gardens, it is believed, that pears are less frequently
affected by fungus than in the open fields, in the country.
Protection against dry currents of air, has been thought to be
of service in the production of fruit free from fungus. But,
is it so?

If you assert that the best hope of immunity from this pest
is to be found in healtliy, vigorous trees, either in cultivated
soil, or in grass, I will show you the dreaded spots on trees
with trunks shining like polished rosewood, making new shoots

42 THB MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

three feet long every season, and standing in either cultivated
gardens, or in grass, just as you prefer to see them.

Now, how shall we escape from tliis fungus? It is a
serious and important question, and it is one that ought to be
discussed in our liorticultural journals, in order to ascertain
if anybody can obtain fruit free from fungus, and the condi-
tions of soil, climate, manuring, mulching or no mulching,
protection or no protection, under which it is found to be
produced.

POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP.

American Peaches in England. — Our correspondent Mr.
Rivers, tlie well-known active and intelligent nurseryman of
Sawbridgeworth, England, gives a very interesting account of
the several French and American peaches which he has fruit-
ed in his large collection of orchard-house trees. We only
regret that he has marred his otherwise excellent paper by
alluding to the States of North America as " a country which
will one day have as many ' principalities and powers ' as for-
merly had India !" We say we regret this, for we have a
great esteem for Mr. Rivers, and believed him one of those
who sympathized with the late lamented Loudon, in our re-
publican principles and great progress as a nation.

Among the American peaches he has had, he considers the
Early Crawford and Yellow Rareripe as two of the best yel-
low-fleshed sorts, fine in orchard-houses, but comparatively
worthless in the cold, damp, open-air climate of England.
Crawford's Late was good, Bergen's Yellow large and good.
Mr. Rivers considers all our yellow peaches varieties of the
*' Admirable Jaune."

The Adirondag as a Wine Grape. — Much has been said
of the merits of various new grapes for wine. Some have
been pronounced unfit for the purpose, and others eulogized
as superior to all the rest. The Concord and Delawai*e botli
have a liigli reputation for their wine-making properties, and
now we have the evidence of a thorough wine manufacturer
that the Adirondac is superior to all. The following letter

PEBBUART. 4S

will tell its own storj. It is addressed to Mr. J. W. Bailey,
of Plattsburg, N. T. :—

Dear Sir: — Your favor of the 7th was received through
due process of mail, but the answer was deferred in order to
give an opportunity of examining the sample of wine made
from your Adirondac grapes. It had not passed through the
first fermentation at the time. Our foreman racked it off to-
day and placed it in bottles. There were four and a half (4|)
bottles, and we have this day shipped by express to you two
(2) bottles. The grapes came to us in very bad order, and
the sample being small, we do not regard the experiment a
fair one, but Mr. J. F. Weber (our foreman) thinks the sam-
ple fully 25 per cent, better than the best Diana, which is
thought to be superior to any other kind we have tried. I
am of the opinion that the Adirondac promises to be a supe-
rior wine grape, having all the requisite qualities necessary
to make one of the finest flavored wines ever made in
America.

I thhik it would pay you well to raise enough of them to
make a cask of wine, so that the public may have an oppor-
tunity of seeing wine made from the Adirondac, and under
reasonably favorable circumstances. It is impossible to make
a fine wine in small quantities.

You will please accept the best wishes of the P. V. Wine
Co., and also the especial regards of your friend G. H.
Whbelbb, Hammondsport, N. Y., Nov. 29, 1864.

Kbelg Hall Buebre Pear. — A pear said to be new, has
been described under this name by Mr. R. Thompson, in the
(Jardeners* Chronicle. The specimens were raised by Mr. W.
Hill, of Keele Hall, who gives the following account of it : —
" I send you specimens of the (with us) excellent pear called
the Styrian, from a south wall. The fruit is smaller this year
than usual, owing, no doubt, to the dry season. We find it
very useful, as it comes in just before Marie Louise, Louise
Bonne de Jersey, &c. I am surprised to find this variety so
Uttle known. I never met with a gardener who knew it, nor
can our principal nurserymen supply it. In the Gardeners'
and Foresters' Record, (Vol. 1 for 1842,) may be found a
very poor figure of it, with the following description : — * This

44 THB MAQAZINB OF HORTICULTUBE.

is a new and very scarce kind. Tlie tree is a most excellent
bearer, and will be found to answer as a standard in warm
situations, but better as a wall tree. The fruit is juicy, sweet
and melting. It is a fine variety, in use from October to
December.' I find its season with us is all through October,
not later. By grafting on Citron des Carnes, I have it ripe
in September, at least a fortnight to three weeks sooner than
on the pear stock. We also find it one of the very few
standards that succeed in this climate — anything but favorable
to standard pears generally."

To this Mr. Thompson adds: " The fruit received from Mr.
Hill was large, pyramidal, and broad at tlie top ; stalk about
IJ inch long, thick and fleshy at its junction with tlie fruit ;
skin smooth, yellow, bright red next the sun ; flesh yellowish-
white, melting, buttery, sugary, and very good. The same
pear as that grown by Mr. Hill was undoubtedly figured un-
der the name of Styrian, in the GardeneiV and Foresters'
Record for 1833. It is not, however, the Styrian which was
first received in this country by the Horticultural Society,
from M. Bosc, of Paris, before 1824. The latter had a long,
tapering form, and a beautiful bright red color next the sun,
and indeed nearly all over the fruit ; the flesh is, moreover,
not so melting as it is in this sort Hence, as the pear now
figured, which was found at Keele Hall by Mr. Hill on enter-
ing his situation fifteen years ago, and deserves to be more
extensively grown, has not hitherto been identified with any
known variety, the name of Keele Hall Buerre may, we
think, be appropriately adopted."

We give the above account entire, because we believe the
variety to be the old Styrian pear of American collections,
which we have fruited for twenty years, Mr. Hill's description
and the figure exactly corresponding. It is a very variable
sort, sometimes pyriform, and again quite obtuse ; some-
times most excellent, and again only of medium quality. A
full description and figure of it will be found in a former
volume (xvi., p. 342). We had a bushel or more of the
pears last year, and they were handsome and good.

PiTMASTON DucHESSB d'Angouleme Pear. — This is the
unfortunate name given to a new pear raised by the late

FEBBUABT. 45

John Williams, Esq., of Pitmaston, who has produced several
varieties of fruits, mostly called by the names of their parents,
and thus leading to confusion. He raised the Pitmaston
White Sweetwater grape, tlie Pitmaston Orange nectarine,
and the GanseWs Seckel pear, and now we have the Piir
maston Duchess pear. Mr. Thompson thus describes it in
the Grardeners* Chronicle :

Fruit very large, 4i inches long and 3i in diameter ; ob-
long-obovate ; stalk short, obliquely attached, projecting more
on one side than the other ; eye in a moderate-sized depres-
sion, with the segments of the calyx erect and projecting to
the level of the fruit ; skin soft, smooth, yellow, with thin
Hght russet near the stalk ; flesh yellowish white, exceedingly
melting, buttery, very juicy and rich. Mr. Stevens, gardener
to P. E. Williams, Esq., of Malvern Hill, Solihall, by whom
the fruit of this pear has been sent, informs us that it is a
seedling of the late Jolm Williams, Esq., of Pitmaston, in
1841, and is a cross between the Duchess and Glout Morceau.
Mr. Stevens writes: — *'It is a vigorous grower, and free
bearer, and I think will attain great size in more favored
parts of the country. My employer has directed me to offer
grafts of this variety to the Royal Horticultural Society, if it
is considered worth distributing."

This is a very handsome and most excellent pear. Ripe in
the end of October, or in ordinary seasons it may probably
keep till the middle of November. Few of the new pears
can compare with it as regards size, appearance and quality.
It partakes more of the nature of the Marie Louise than of
the Glout Morceau. We regard it quite an acquisition.

The engraving represents a large, handsome pear in shape,
more resembling the Buerre d'Aujou than any other variety
we now recollect. It may prove a valuable pear, its origin
having been from two varieties, both excellent.

Gbape Culture in the Fab West. — A correspondent in
Kansas writes as follows in regard to grapes and grape infor-
mation : — '^ There is no branch of industry that has increased
in importance, so far as the mass is concerned, nor is there
any branch of Horticulture, Pomology, &c., about which
there is such an increasing demand for informatioa, or such

46 THE MAGAZINE OP HOBTICULTUBE.

a deep growing interest felt, as that of grapo literature in the
West, and I should judge it to be the same in the East. la
fact, we ought to have journals exclusively devoted to that
subject. What cares a grape grower about looking over and
paying for a mass of matter giving information upon blooded
bulls, fast horses and game cocks, all well enough in their
place 7 The intelligence of the age demands such journals ;
yet it also demands that we have pomological magazines.
The grape growers, pomologists (and even farmers) who cul-
tivate grapes, will sustain a journal, or a dozen of them, in
the United States. Yours respectfully, A. M. Barnes,
Kansas."

Grapes in Ohio. — In absence of cherries and peaches, we
of the south shore of Lake Erie, and I may say of the State
of Ohio, have had to console ourselves with grapes. It was
my intention to have been with you at Rochester, but the
getting up of my Grape Show, together with my engage-
ments in laying out of grounds, prevented.

The show of grapes October 1st was even more than usual,
both in number of varieties and in quantity, and the show of
varieties of wines was more than good. The result of these
Shows has been to induce the project of forming a State
Grape and Wine Growers' Society, to hold quarterly meet-
ings for discussion and annual Shows. At our late State
Pomological Meeting I was deputed to ask. all interested in
grape-growing in the State to meet at Cleveland, first week in
February, to organize the Society, and discuss soils and
modes of planting.

In relation to soils, I think there is much yet to be learned.
The old adage that to produce good grapes either the soil
must be limestone, or very heavy dressings of lime must be
applied, will not hold ; many of our vineyards around Cleve-
land being on sand, with not a trace of lime in it, and thus
far having bad no application of the kind. Our clays, also,
within a certain boundary, have but a trace of lime in tliem,
and rest on beds of sandstone shide, yet they produce fine
crops of grapes. Will not an annual dressing of gypsum, of
say li bushels per acre, furnish all that a crop of grapes re-
quire from the soil 7

PEBBUART. 47

What experience have you had in comparing the qual-
ity of Lydia with other white or green grapes? At my
Show this past fall, it was tried repeatedly by different per-
sons, in comparison with Anna, Cuyahoga, Rebecca, Maxa-
tawny, and Allen's Hybrid, and universally the verdict was,
that the Lydia was much the best grape.

Several parties also tried it with Syrian, White Nice, Ac,
and gave Lydia preference. Very respectfully, P. R.
Eluott, Cleveland, Ohio.

New Pohological Work. — The Gardeners' Clironicle
mentions the publication of a new pomological work, under
the direction of the Society for Regulating and Improving
the Varieties of Fruit Trees at Barkoop, De Nederlandsche
Boomgard^ Ac, the first part of which, with Dutch descrip-
tions of the plates, lias already been noticed under the title
of Le Jardin Frutier Neerlandais, with a French text by Dr.
De Gavero, and with a preface by Prof. Karl Koch. Such a
work, it is observed in the prospectus, representing faithfully
the races of fruits, with all the distinguishing marks with
which nature has impressed them, and accompanied by clear
and concise diagnosis, seems to be absolutely necessary as a
means of clearing up the confusion which exists among
fruits. The drawings are to be made from nature, by M. S.
Bei^iais, and the plates prepared in chromo-lithography, by
M. G. Severeyns, of Brussels. The work is to be published
in 20 parts, each containing four plates, and descriptions of
from 8 to 16 varieties of fruits, and eight parts are promised
in one year, the price of each part being 5 francs to sub-
scribers.

This is a very similar work to our Fruits of America, and
done in the same style, and price, but at the present rate of
exchange, about three times as much, — that is, $4 per number
of four plates ; the price of the Fruits of Aooterica being
only $1 per number of four plates. Only 80 plates are to be
puUished, and 112 plates have appeared of the Fruits. It
will undoubtedly be a valuable aid to European pomologists,
though less to our own, as the nomenclature of our Fruits is
now well established.

48 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

FORCING PLANTS BY SUN HEAT.

BY PR. JAMES WEED, MUSCATINE, IOWA.

If the thoory of M. Boussingault is correct, that assimila-
tiou in plants only takes place under the action of light, and
that in the dark a plant always loses carbon, the conclusion nat-
urally follows that the higher the night temperature the greater
the loss plants sustain by elimination, and it is important to
inquire if in hotbed forcing there is not, as a general rale,
by far too much bottom-heat employed as a common neces-
sity to guard against the liability to extreme changes and
cold nights. If so, it would seem wise to provide against
these exigencies of cold by mechanical means, rather than by
a surplus of heat, which may exert very pernicious influ-
ences if not under the complete control and watchfulness of
the gardener.

Upon this conjecture . we instituted an experiment, last
spring, which, though not very striking in its results, served
to strengthen our confidence in the practicability of forward*
ing materially many plants with the employment of but little
or no artificial heat.

Shutters of inch boards, twenty feet long, were made en-
tire, the joints not being cemented, as should have been done,
and so balanced as to be closed on and opened off of a com-
mon hotbed frame with the greatest facility and ease. The
frame, placed on the ground surfistce, was covered with sash,
but without any n^ans of artificial heat.

Radishes sown on the 2d of March were up on the 12tb,
and a few of the plants were killed by frost on the 20th, but
those remaining grew well, though very slowly, as the sun
shone but very little during their whole growth.

Our record of temperature and clouds commenced on the
8th of March, and that of the temperature inside the Arame
was discontinued on the 10th of April, as it was mostly open
from that period during the day.

FEBRUARY.

TEMPERATURE.

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They were of fine size for the table, and of most excellent
quality, the 1st of May — two weeks in advance of those in
the open ground. Had the joints been closed with coal tar,
and the shutters thatched six or eight inches thick with
straw, the result would have been much better — especially if
Uie sky had been ordinarily clear, instead of being almost
constantly cloudy.

Tomato and other plants grown in the same frame, though
smaller, were, by an intelligent neighboring gardener, pro-
nounced superior to those in an ordinary hotbed, as "they
would better bear removal to open culture."

For the early production of the radish, lettuce, and aspar
agus, this mode of culture is especially adapted, and for for
warding plants for removal to open grounds, it commends itself

TOL. XXXI. — NO. II. 4

S. Wl9l-OL4tS MITBOD OF TRAlVlira PBAR TRfetf.

FEBEUAST. 51

PEAR TREES ON THE WINE-GLASS PATTERN.

BY OAPT. WM. R. AUSTIN, DORCHBSTIK, MAM.

Having written an article once before upon pruning, Ac,
(which appeared in your Magazine of November, 1862, Vol.
XXVIII, p. 607), and while yourself and others have written
so much of late, and so well on the same topic, I had not
thought of reverting to the matter again ; but at the risk of
"running the subject into the ground," I must comply with
your request, and say a few words more to accompany the
sketch, or drawing, (pig. 2), you have had prepared from a
photograph of one of my pear trees : and let me here repeat
what I said when I sent you the photograph, yiz., that owing
to the impossibility of finding in my grounds a tree suf-
ficiently isolated to give any background, (except of trees),
my best specimens could not be made available, and further,
that to tlie high wind blowing at the time, may be attributed
the irregularities of the leaders and limbs on the windward,
or left side of the tree ; but, for the purpose of giving a gen-
eral idea of the form and style of tree aimed at, this is as
well as a more perfect model.

As I have said before, the form I design to give, is tlrat of
a modern ^' wine-glass," or goblet, rounded up in the middle,
making a low, stout tree, with open head, in opposition to the
close, high pyramid. Before describing the ^^ modus aper-
andiy^ let me for a moment compare together the two styles,
and the great advantages of my pattern over the pyramid,
for, unless this point is admitted and made clear, it is hardly
worth while wasting time and words as to the manner and
details. Tlie pyramid, as the name implies, is tall and taper-
ing, encouraged by the rank growth of the centre leader to a
great height ; the whole strength of the tree inclines to the
centre and top, while the side-limbs are often weak and
drooping to the ground ; left to grow, usually, without inter-
ference, it forms a close, compact top, filled up with green,
sappy wood and spray, excluding the sun and air, holding
the wind, and the lower branches standing out in the way,, or
lying often in the dirt, prevents the possibility of approaching

52 THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTUBE.

closely the tree with an ordinary step-ladder to gatlier the
fruit from the top, — the new wood, being sliadcd, green and
sappy, does not harden well and mature, and tlie whole tree
exhausting itself, more or less, in over-growth, does not incline
to bear early, and when after long waiting, a few fruits appear,
the best specimens are usually at the top, where they are most
difficult to get at, and most likely to be blown off; then
again, the fruit grown in so much shade, is not as sweet and
high colored as that grown upon trees more oper^ and close
pruned, exposed to the sun and light, and with more roots,
(in proportion to the top), to give sustenance to the fruit.
It must be admitted, I think, that however graceful the pyra-
mid, its form is not adapted to our high winds and open
grounds, on quince roots, and probably had its origin in
small sheltered gardens in Europe, where many varieties
were desired in a small space, and up-and-down room cost
nothing.

Now take the "wine-glass pattern," with its low, stocky,
open form, the centre leader cut out, all the rest spread, and
dividing equally the sap, all equally strong to support the
fruit, — the air, light, and sun, freely admitted, (so essential to
the perfection of fruit), — the fiiiit, of course, high colored and
suimy, distributed eq\ially all over the lower portions of the
tree, which, from its low habit and spreading form, is easily
accessible to every part with a common step-ladder, and
every pear saved ; and the same advantages hold good in
pruning and thinning time. Not allowing any superfluous
wood to grow, the tree is constantly in shape, its vitality, and
tendency, or capacity for early bearing much increased, while
the sap, instead of expending itself in wood and overgrowth,
is absorbed by the fruit, or forms new fruit spurs and buds,
on well ripened wood, for the ensuing year.

Having, as I think, demonstrated that this form of growing
pear trees is the best, and proved it, I may be allowed to say,
by 20 yeai*s of successful practice, I will now, for the benefit
of new beginners, go more into details a^-to the process, fii'st
premising, that I confine my remarks entirely to the dwarfs
ot pear tree on quince roots. These roots, as we all know,
are fine and fibrous, do not extend far from the stem, and

FEBRUARY. 53

resemble some, (when a tree is lifted), a mop spread out ; they
get their nourishment near tlie tree, are more tender than the
pear root, more inclined to decay in wet ground, lose their
life and vitahty in soils that bind or pack close, and, being
naturally smaller, cannot so well, (and ought not to), support
a large top. The pear root, on the contrary, is a n;iore vigor-
ous and voracious feeder, travelling far from the stem seeking
moisture and nourishment, the roots much larger, and of
course better adapted to sustain and feed a large top. Root
pruning may sometimes be admissible on the pear root, to
check rampant growth, and coax the tree into bearing, but
never, I think, with the quince ; wo want all the roots we can
get, as we see by the numerous trees half reeled over.
Neither is it, I thmk, advisable to sjiift or replant trees on
quince roots ; they should be left standing where fii*st
planted, (if properly set out, and in a good situation) ; if in
a wet place, or the roots have become root-bound, and lost
their life and energy, in such a case, they should be removed
to higher ground and looser soil that will not bind. With the
pear root, however, it is not unfrequently a benefit to shift
and change the tree, and cut off a portion of the stout roots,
that smaller and more fibrous ones may start out from the
point of severance ; while at the same time, a portion of the
head should be cut in, to restore the balance, and after the tree
has had time to get rooted and established again, (say 2 or 3
years), it may be all the better; but not so with the dwarf,
which, as a general rule, suffers by lifting and resetting.
That trees, (both on the quince and pear roots), lifted,
and reset in a new place, will oftentimes come immediately
into bearing, and may even produce a few fine specimens the
first year, I know, but the tree is nevertheless a diseased,
mutilated subject, and should not be allowed to bear till the
roots are healed, new ones growing, and the tree reestablished
again. Having made this long digression, I will now, for the
benefit of new beginners, state more in detail my process
from the beginning.

I take good thrifty dwarf trees, (not bark-bound and
Btunted, either imported or native), say two years from the
bud, and having prepared the ground by trenchuig, say two

54 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTURE.

spades deep, and making the soil light and fine, I set out the
young trees in April, in straight rows, 8 feet apart, and the
rows, say 12 or 15 feet apart, or, you may set a single row-
on borders near a walk; the soil all being loose and light,
only a small hole need be opened, sufficient to contain easily
the roots, (wliich in the imported tree are usually small, and
we rely upon new, fine roots making out from the stem). A
tree should not be set out like a post, in a small hole, with
the ground hard all around it ; and here let me say, if your
ground has not been trenched, or made mellow by cultiva-
tion, the next best thing is to open a very large hole, 4 or
even 6 feet in diameter, and return the soil to it broken up
and loose, that is, fill up the hole with the same soil, or any
other better^ especially close round the stem, to encourage
young roots to start out. The trees should be set deep
enough to have the juncture where the pear joins the quince
2 inches below the surface, and this will tend to keep out
borers, (some recommend deeper planting, to induce a growth
of pear root, above the quince roots : this, in my grounds,
with trees so near together, I consider a misfortune. If I am
going to have pear root, let me know it in the first place, that
I may give ample room, and bo pi'epared to wait for a big
tree) ; the trees being set out, and the ground leveled off, I
cut off the top, or head it back, cutting out the centre leader,
if any, and prepare the tree for a low start when it begins to
grow ; it is important to mulch the first summer, aiid apply
a top-dressing of good compost manure every fall or winter,
to be forked in in the spring when the soil is turned over.
Manure should never be put directly among the roots ; after
Uie roots are nicely spread out, and covered over with a fine
soil, then a layer of manure, of most any kind (compost,
stable or barn-yard, preferred), may be put on, and the hole
filled up and leveled off even, that the first rains may soak
down and carry the juices to the roots. Of course, no weeds
or grass must be allowed to grow near the trees, though car-
rots or vegetables may be cultivated with good effect, to keep
the ground mellow, and until the trees become large ; the
first summer the growth is usually small, but the second
spring (a year from planting), they are prepared to start

FEBEUABY. 55

Tigorouslj, and must now be headed back, or cut in, and the
tree formed during tliis second summer into the way you
desire it to go ; a certain number of leaders (say 10 or 12),
may be allowed to grow, starting the lower ones about 18
inches from the ground, and leaving the stem clean below
that, — nothing but these leaders are allowed to grow, taking
care to have no particular centre one to enjoy all the sap, but
all equally divided ; all side-shoots and spray kept off by nip-
ping or cutting off, with very light shears, leaving always 8
or 4 leaves at the base of the twig, for foliage — these leaders,
having all the sap, grow fast, and must be topped or cut off
when too long, say about 10th of July, or sooner if neces-
sary, to give a check and concentrate the energies of the tree,
and stock it up ; this may have to be repeated more than
once, but if topped too early, the tendency is to throw out
more side-shoots and increase your labor, but after about the
10th, or middle of July, the growth becomes sluggish during
the hot weather, and if in the fall they start to growing
again, the same process must be continued, and thus all the
pruning is done during the growing season ; this being done
each year, the tree is constantly in shape; no saw is ever
required to saw off large limbs and waste its energies, and
no sap lost in superfluous growth — the wood being exposed to
sun and air ripens off well, and predisposes to the produc-
tion of fruit spurs and buds, and thus early bearing is se-
cured, while the tree has concentrated vitality to support and
nourish its fruit. We have heard much said about ^^pinch-
ingy^ and doubtless if the young shoots can be taken in time,
they may be nipjjed off with the thumb and fore-finger, but I
have usually preferred to wait for a greater number to
appear before commencing, and then use a very small, light
pair of pruning shears that make a drawing stroke, or even
scissors are more expeditious than a knife ; the work is im-
perative and urgent from about the middle of May to 10th of
July, and many millions of these side-shoots 1 cut off yearly,
enough I presume, to dampen the ardor of any but a full
believer and enthusiast, but the tree once into full bearing,
the labor is much diminished, and the head properly formed,
it is not 80 hard to keep it so. I have said 10 or 12 leaders ;

56 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICDLTURE.

this of course is not arbitrary, and may be less or more, so
long as the principle is maintained, and a low open habit
secured ; if the tree is near a walk, or you have not room for
a round top, you may give a flat form, like a fan-tail, and
almost have a trained tree without tieing; in this case a less
number of leaders would be needed — in the sketch presented,
there are more leaders than my best models have, but
which could not be photographed for want of a background.
For whatever of success I have had in pear growing, I am
indebted entirely to my mode of pruning, and not to " gen-
erous culture;" my soil is light and thin, with gravelly,
coarse sand for subsoil. I have never manured high, or
'forced my trees, and after 15 and 20 years' growth they do
not average more than 10 to 12 feet in height ; every fall,
late, after the leaf has dropped and the sap is down, or
any pleasant weather in winter or spring, anytime before
the sap begins to run, I go over all my trees to adjust and cut
back my leaders to within 3 to 6 inches of lost year's
starting point, and this is all the growth allowed in height,
each year, while the main stem and leaders become grad-
ually stouter. As I have said before, there are some varie-
ties (as the Urbaniste, and those making much fine wood),
not adapted to this system, while the Duchesse d'Angouleme,
Glout Morceau, Beurr6 Langelier, and many others, cannot
be successfully fruited in any other way, (till the tree has
great age), though it may flower full each year; so, also,
there are some kinds, like the Beurr^ Diel, Dix, and St.
Michael, inclined to crack, that require a closer head, more
shado and foliage to protect the fruit from the direct rays
of the sun, which hardens the skin, and * the first heavy
rain, after a drought, is sure* to crack the pears, as they
cannot expand fast enough, and quite possible they would
crack in some soil anyway.

I have often been asked how to prune, and what to do with
trees which have been left to themselves for 5 or 10 years
without a twig cut ; this is like calling in the doctor after
the disease is seated and cure impossible. If you undertake
to cut oflF and head back such trees, (if vigorous), wherever
you cut off, innumerable shoots will put out, filling the whole

FfiBBUARY. 57

top with sprouts, like young suckers, and making a perfect
thick hedge — it would be better in such a case of neglected
trees, to lift them, and loose some of the roots, or root prune,
before attempting to reduce the top, and after all it would
onlj be an abortion ; to have a perfect form and all the
advantages of the system, the ground work must be laid from
the beginning, and continued up with never-ceasing vigilance
and industry. " As the twig is bent the tree is inclined."

I cannot close this lengthy article, Mr. Editor, without
thanking you for your frequent complimentary allusions to
my trees, and for the pains and trouble you have now taken
to present a model on the " wine-glass pattern,'' and hope to
be gratified with the further remarks you propose to give on
my mode of pruning. I must also, here, express my gratifi-
cation with the last Report of the late Chairman of our Fruit
Committee, ex-president Cabot, wherein he gives me credit as
the originator of a new system of pruning, and suggests the
propriety of identifying my name with the discovery, by cal-
hng it the "Austin method." When veterans in the art,
Uiie yourself and Mr. Cabot, and I may add. Col. Wilder, (in
his late address before the Pomological convention), and many
otliers, verbally approve and endorse, I may well feel content
and assured of my theory, if I had not twenty years of prac-
tice to prove it — whatever of merit it has, let your young
readers have the benefit. I only trust many of them are
members of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society ; for to
this Society I am mostly indebted for the zeal and enthusiasm
that inspired my early beginnings, and if, in return, I have
established a new theory of practical value, or contributed
my small mite to the general stock of pomological science, I
sliall not be without my reward.

Pleasant Street, Dorchester j Jan. 1865.

A year since, we applied to Capt. Austin for the privilege
of having a photograph taken of one of Jiis beautifully trained
pear trees, with a view to place before our readers some idea
of the " Austin," or " wine-glass " mode of training, prac-
tised by him for twenty years, and which is quite original and
distinct from any of the various French styles, combining the

58 THB MAGAZINB OF HOBTICULTUBE.

merits of all, and the defects of none. Oapt. Austin kindlj
presented us witli several photographs of his specimen trees,
but owing, as he states, to the want of some background
other than the surrounding trees, and some other causes, the
impressions were not so satisfactory as he could have wished.
Still, one of them gave a very accurate idea of his system of
training, and from that one our drawing was made. Except-
ing the interference of one or two limbs, owing to the wind,
which might have been altered in the copy of the photograph,
(but we chose rather to have them remain as the tree was
taken), the pattern is a perfect one for all who wisli to adopt
the wine-glass system of training.

Not thinking that Gapt. Austin would find leisure to pre-
pare an article, detailing his mode of practice, we had intend-
ed to do this ourselves, but he has so very kindly " began at
the beginning " and given the amateur all the details from
the first to last, that he lias left little or nothing for us to say.

The more we have seen of this mode of pruning, the more
we are convinced of its superiority over all other methods,
particularly for dwarf trees. It is in fact the real cordon
system, now so strongly advocated by Dubreuil, and other
learned French practitioners, applied to dwarf trees, the
only difference being, that the cordons of Oapt. Austin are
self-supporting^ instead of having the aid of a trellis as in
Dubreuil's plan. The advantages of this over pyramidal
training is well stated by Capt. Austin himself, and we have
only to thank him, as we have no doubt all. who appreciate
skilful practice will, for his excellent paper. It is certainly
a source of high gratification to know that one, whose early
life was passed upon the broad ocean, should successfully in-
troduce a new mode of training pear trees, combining all the
merits of the most skilful French cultivators who have de-
voted a life to the subject. It is another instance of the
triumph of American art.

Tlie flattering tribute which Capt. Austin pays to the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, is the best evidence
among many others of the great influence of this association
in tlie advancement of horticultural science throughout the
country.

FEBBUABT. 69

PLORICULTURAL NOTICES,

New Fouaged Plants. — Among the plants with remark-
able foliage, employed by the Parisian gardeners for decora-
tive purposes, is a new one, called Gandelia Tournefortii, is
made use of. It is a great composite of Syria and Asia
Minor, with something the aspect of an artichoke, and has
been from time to time cultivated in Paris, but lost, as no
doubt it has been with ourselves, until reintroduced by M.
Balansa in 1855. The plants raised from the seeds then
obtained flowered in 1859, after M. Decaisne had had them
planted out. The bushy, rigid aspect of the plant, which
grows nearly a yard high, together with the form and elegance
of its leaves, which are pinnatified and spiny-toothed, the
lower ones stalked, the upper, somewhat stem-clasping, give
it a very picturesque appearance. Unfortunately it is rare,
and can only be multiplied by seeds. It is sufficiently hardy
to survive in the climate of Paris, if planted in light, deep
soil, not too moist, and protected by a hand-glass, surrounded
by straw, or dry leaves, and is therefore what we call half-
hardy. The seeds (achenes) of this plant appear to be some-
times substituted for coffee.

New White Clematis. — A new and beautiful pure white
variety of Clematis lanuginosa* called Candida, has been in-
troduced from France. It belongs to the same open-flowered
race, and is admirably fitted to be grown in company with
the new deep purple varieties before noticed — C. L. Jack-
manii, and violacea — for the sake of the contrast it aflbrds.
It is said to be a hybrid, between C. cserulea (patens) and
G. lauugiudsa. The plant has somewhat downy leaved, with
a sliglitly undulated edge, and the flowers are pure white,
thoroughly expanded, and formed of six sepals, which have a
cuspidate point. Judging from the appearance of tlie blos-
soms on a young and not very robust plant, the flowers will
be of the full size of the ordinary forms of C. lanuginosa.
We learn that another white-flowered hybrid has been
received from the same source, under the name of C. lanugi.
ndsa nivea, but the flowers of this we have not seen. The

60 THE MAGAZINE OP HOBTICULTDRB.

plant which has furnished materials for this memorandum,
was sent by Mr. Bull of Chelsea.

Double-Flowered Pelargoniums. — A recent number of
the Revue Horticole gives some particulars respecting the
production of the new race of Double Pelargoniums, and of
the variety called Gloire de Clermont, which has been raised
by M. Amblard, a horticulturist of Clermont-Ferrand. Our
contemporary states, that it will take a high place in our
gardens, and describes it as bearing flowers as full as a small
Ranunculus, and as having been produced from seeds gathered
from a semi-double variety, of doubtful merit. It appears
that seven plants were raised from the seeds of this semi-
double plant. Some of them produced, instead of petals,
little tufts of green leaves, or sepals, compact and imbricated,
forming a globular bud, which scarcely opened ; others, yield-
ed flowers with a little red at the tips of the petals; a sixth,
had flowers of a lively color, but they did not open ; while
the seventh bore magnificent flowers, full, well expanded, and
bright in color. The constancy of these features has beeii
proved, for the variety has been propagated, and more than a
score of plants of the projeny has yielded these flowers. M.
Lecocq, the director of the Botanic Garden at Clermont, who de-
scribes this very remarkable Pelargonium, observes, that upon
the plant then before him, was an umbel of 14 fine flowers,
which, if the foliage was not seen, might be mistaken for
those of Lychnis chalcedonica. The variety is said to be of
vigorous growth, and to have large, undulating, green leaves,
without any sign of a colored zone, although, by a slip of the
pen, the new variety is classed amongst the zonal Pelargon-
iums. The flower-stalk is stifi*, and bears from 10 to 15 flow-
ers, so arranged as to form a bouquet. The buds are globu-
lar ; the petals, upwards of 40 in number, are disposed like
those of a double Ranunculus, and are oval in form, rounded
at the top, and of a lively vermilion, with a white eye ; the
stamens are completely wanting ; and the pistil is represented
by a small green tubercle. It appears that M. Amblard, not
being specially occupied in the culture of this class of plants,
is desirous of parting with the stock.

FEBRUARY. 01

Yucca Trbculiana. — A recent number of U Horticulture
Fran^aiSj figures and describes Yucca Treculiana, which
appears to be Yucca canaliculata, published in 1860, in the
Botanical Magazine, (see our vol. xxvii, p. 84), by Sir Wra.
Hooker, having the same rigid, channeled leaves, widened
above the base, and asperous beneath, the same compact in-
florescence, the same sub-cunnated, cream colored flowers,
and the same kind of stamens, but like a figure 7. Mr.
Saunders, by whom the Y. canaliculata was flowered, had,
moreover, it would appear, obtained a young plant of the
same species from Paris, though the liistory of his flowering
plant is somewhat uncertain. We gather from M. Herincq's
account, that this is the largest of all the arborescent Yuccas.
The French figure was made from a plant which had flower-
ed in the collection of M. Alphonse Lavallee, at Segrez, and
which was upwards of 7 feet in height, before the flower-stem
appeared, and furnished with leaves almost from the base.
The leaves were narrowed above their point of attachment,
then much widened, and terminating in a stiff, horny point,
the under surface being rough, like a rasp, and the edges
cartilaginous purple, and finely denticulated. Owing to the
stem being cankered, the inflorescence was dwarfed, but it
was dense, and ovoid-oblong, with the creamy flowers in the
axils of the reddish-tinted bracts larger than the flower-
stalks. This Yucca was introduced from Mexico, in 1849,
to the garden of M. Louis Noisette of Nantes, who found it
among some imported orchids. The original plant was
acquired by M. Lavallee in 1859, and was tlic finest example
known in Europe, but has perished since flowering. It is
satisfactory to learn, from the experience of the French culti-
vators, that this fine species is hardy. At Nantes, in M.
Noisette's garden, it grew in the open air, and perfectly en-
dured the winters which occur in that part of Prance. At
Segrez, where it was at first protected by a case, it has been
planted for two years in the open ground, sheltered only hj a
slight straw roofing, and has not shown any trace of injury
from frost. We believe the same plant is cultivated in this
country under the name of Yucca cornata, and concava.

62 THE MAGAZINB OF HOBTICULTUBE.

This information, upon this grand class of plants, we gather
from the Gardeners' Chronicle.

800. Rose. Golden Yellow. Garden Hybrid.

lUastntlon norticole, 1864« pL 401.

A new Tea Rose, remarkable for the unusual amplitude of
its flowers, which are of a beautiful golden yellow with innu-
merable petals, generally revolute, and possessing the rich
aroma which belong to the roses of this charming group. It
is a seedling of M. Ozer, of Caen. It is remarkably vigorous,
having an ample and lustrous foliage, with but few spines,
which are of a bright red. Possessing so many excellent
qualities it is destined to become one of the most popular of
the Yellow Tea Roses, (^lll. HorL^ Aug.)

801. Ubceouna pendula Hub. Drooping TJbceolina.

(Amaryllidaceae.) Peru.

A creenhnufle bolb ; with yeDow Aowera : appearini to tprlng ; a nathrv of Pern ; iacwtid
by ofMta \ trown In Hcht rich loam. BoL Mag.. 1884. id. 54C4.

A new and very beautiful Amarylliaceous plant, with a
stem a foot or more high ; crowned with an umbel of eight
or more pendent, yellow, urceolate flowers, with projectiiig
stamens. It came from the woods in the Andes, and was
received by Messrs. Yeitch, with whom it flowered last season.
It is a very fine addition to this showy class of plants. (^BoL
Mag.y Sept.)

802. Macleania pulchba Hook. Showy Maclbania.

(VaccineacesB.) New Grenada.

A creenhoQM plant ; irowhic 1 Ibol hich ; with acariet flowen ; appearing In iprtng) laoeaaed
by euttloga { grown in Nght p«Mr aoU. Bot. Blag., 18M, pi. MM.

This is one of the showy vacciniaoeous plants, presenting a
somewhat straggling or pendent growth, with obkng leaves,
and clusters of scarlet, tubular flowers, whidi are pendent,
aad appear in aggr^^ated clusters at the axik of the leaves*
It grows freely, and forms a very showy a&d beaatiful plant
iBot. Mag., Sept)

7EBBUABT. 68

oditdtol ^i^mimi

FOE FIBRUART.
FRUIT DBPARTMBIIT.

The month of January has been cool, and for the most part, clondy,
Fflin/, and anowy, with no extremes of cold, and few, if any, warm, pleas-
ant days ; througfaont, rather unfavorable for early forcing of all kinds.
The ground, however, is in fine order, without frost, and now protected
with a thin, but good covering of snow.

Grips Vinks, in the earliest houses, will now be in a forward state, and
the berries will soon begin to color. Use much caution now in watering,
especially in long-continued cold, cloudy weather, should such continue.
Give air liberally in all good weather, and give an additional covering to
the border. Stop laterals as they continue to grow. Vines in the green-
house will soon begin to break, and some attention should be given that
they are made to break evenly; if the tendency is to the leading buds,
bend the top downwards, and keep it there, by suspending a small stone by
a string, which will cause the lower eyes to swell, and the upper end can
be tied up gradually as the shoots appear. Syringe often in good weather,
and maintain a moderate, but not high temperature, say, 50^ to 55^ at night,
until the middle of the month, when it may be increased a few degrees.

Peach, aud othsr Fruit Trbrs in pots, may be brought into the
greenhouse, or grapery, to furnish a succession of fVuit.

Orchard-Housbs should have attention, open the sashes in warm, sunny
weather ; and shut up if severe cold sets in.

Strawberries, intended for forcing, should be brought into the house,
and placed on a warm shelf, near the glass. Water veiy sparingly till
they begin to grow.

Cucumbers, for early forcing, now growing in small pots, should be put
out into well prepared hotbeds, or set out in the house, where there is a
bottom heat of 80^ to 85^ In the latter case, train to a trellis, near the
glass.

Scions of fruit trees may be cut the latter part of the month.

FLOWER DBPARTMBIIT.

As the season advances, the labor of the industrious gardener increases,
and in this month and the next, the greater portion of the season's work is
to be commenced, and prosecuted with vigor. Propagation of all kinds
is one of the principal things, befbre the warm weather advances, and the
out-door labor begins. A stock of all the bedding plants, as well as next
wintei's stock, should be provided for at once.

Camellias will soon begin to grow; as this takes place, begin to
wtter more abundantly, and syringe more flreely; but if the plants are kept
cool, this may be omitted till next month. Young plants may be re-potted,
Md, if time, even the older ones. Now is a good time to head in strag*
gliog plants, and get a young, fVee, and bushy growth.

Azaleas, coming into bloom, should have a good place, and be more

64 THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTURE.

freely watered and syringed, discontinuing the latter after the flowers begin
to open. Plants wanted for flowering in May, should be removed to a cool
house, or even a light, cool cellar, from whence they may be taken back in
April. Re*pot young stock intended for specimens.

PRLARooMUifts now require much attention, as too much water and too
much heat will cause a rank growth that will injure their blooming well;
keep rather dry, and very cool, so as to cause a continued, but stocky
growth. Tie out the branches of specimen plants, and give each one
abundant room ; turn the plants round once a week. Young plants should
now be re-potted, and have the same general treatment as old plants.

Cii^KRARiAS AND Calceolarias should be shifted into their blooming
pots. Keep near the glass as possible, and water carefully ; fumigate often,
for the green fly.

Gloxinias and Achimf.nes, already started, should be encouraged in
their growth, i'ut in a fresh stock for a successional bloom.

Japan Lilies may be placed in their blooming pots, if not already
done.

Fuchsias, intended for large specimens, for autumn bloom, should be
encouraged by a shift into larger pots ; young stock should be potted ofiT.

Caladiums, already started, may be shifted soon into larger pots; fresh
stock may be now started, if not already done.

MoNTDLT Carnations will now be in full flower; if cramped for room,
shift into larger pots ; put in cuttings now for next year's stock.

Seeds, of various kinds, may now be planted ; prepare shallow pans,
and sow Mignonette, Siocks, Zinnia, Pansies, Phlox Drummondii, Cobeea
scandens, Maurandya, &c.

Cuttings of all kinds of bedding plants should now be put in, particu-
larly Geraniums, Verbenas, Petunias, Salvias, Lantanas, &.c.

Cyclamens should have a place on a cool shelf, near the glass, and be
ratlier more freely, watered.

Amaryllises should now be set up on a warm shelf, and have slight
waterings till the new growth appears.

Begonias should be shaken out of the old soil, and divided and re-pot-
ted, using a light, turfy, sandy soil.

Ferns may now be shaken out of the old soil, and repotted.

Gladiolus, for very early blooming, may be potted, and started into
growilL

Heaths and Epacris may now be propagated from cuttings.
vegetable department.

This is the month to prepare for bringing forward all early vegetnbles.
Proceed at once to prepare manure for a hotbed, throwing it into a conical
heap, and turning it over once or twice till the rank steam is exhausted,
when it may be made into a good solid bed, 3 feet high. Place on the
frame, and cover with soil, and afler the heat has subsided, prepare for
planting. Cover the manure wiih three or four inches of light soil, and in
this, huvv in drills, lettuce, rad itches, cauliflowers, tomatoes, &c. Sow-
cucumbers in pots; give air in due season, and by the last of the month,
such as require it, may be removed to new beds, previously made ready.

AdverHsing Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

REMOVAL.

HOVEY ab CO.

RESPECTFULLY INFORM THEIR FRIENDS AND THF PUBLIC

GENERALLY,

That thej have removed from Eilby Street to

Si North Market Street,

OI>I>OSITE Fj^NETJIL H^LL,

Where they offer for sale one of the most extensire assortments of

AGRICULTURAL,

VEGETABLE,

AND FLOWER SEEDS,
GRASS AND CLOVER SEEDS,

TREE AND FIELD SEEDS.

ALSO, PROM THEIR NURSERIES AT CAMBRIDGE,

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES,

EVERGREENS, FLOWERING SHRUBS)

Greenhouse Plants, Boses, Dahlias, Bnlbons Boots,

&C. &0. Sec.

Catalogues of which will be forwarded on application, enclosing a post-
age stamp.

Correspondents will please address

HOVEY & OO.
68 North Market Street.

AdverHsing Sheet of the Mag. of HarHcuUure.

THE GRAPE CULTURIST:

A TREATISE ON THE CULTIVATION OF THE NATIVE GRAPE.

BY ANDREW a FULLER.

PRACTICAL HORTICULTURIST, BROOKLTK, N, T.

Fvioe, f IJSO. Sent by Mail, prepaid, an B^oeipt of Prioe.

OPINIONS OP THK PRESS.

The best gmpe book oyer published in America. — Ohio Ibnner.

The results of maDV years' experience in the cultivation of the ffi'ape are here presented
to the public by an able and successful horticulturist — M F. Tnbune.

This most usefhl manual will be equally valuable to the one whq cultivates a single
vine and to the vineyardist — American A^ricuUwiH.

A cursoiy examination of this treatise Inclines us, on the whole, to give it the prefer-
ence over any of its predecessors. — QnuUry GenUeman.

We can recommend this volume as one deserving the patronage of all who would de-
rive pleasure or profit &om the cultivation of grapes either in gardens or vineyards. —
MrihwesUm Chnriian Advocate.

It is a work abounding in valuable information in relation to the cultivation of the
grape, and is in all respects the best we have seen of the kind. — Germantown Telegrc^.

It is perfectly reliable. — Am. Phrenological Jo%umal.

As a whole, Mr. Fuller's book is an acceptable addition to our stock of information
upon the management of the hardy grape, and will convey much valuable information to
aU who are interested in the culture of this valuable fruit — Hovttfe Mog. qf HortieuUwt.

We find in this volume more real practical information than had been gained in a six
months' reading of various treatises heretofore published. — Lancatter (Pa.) Exprtee.

A complete digest of the treatment of the American vine in all its varieti *s, and we
cheerfhlly recommend the book to those who embark in the culture of the vine.^ — ^tho
York Evening Post, ,

It must find a large sale, and be hereafter regarded as a hand book of undisputed value
and ns^ulness. — Maine lirmer.

It is a valuable volume of two hundred and sixty pages, and ought to be generally con-
sulted. — Fermont SUtndard,

There is a marked improvement in the character of the literature being prepared for
practical men these davs ; and Mr. Fuller proves that he appreciates the wants of those
who buy this class of DOQkB.-^-Jlioon^s Ruiid JVeiv Yoi^Ur.

The terms used are such as are familiar to the general reader, and the subject made as
plain, as lan^a^e is capable of making it — The Daibf Press, Portland, Me.

It is racy m tne genuine significance of the word, m that it tasies of the soil from
which it sprinjfs.— 5r»ei/yn uMy Uman.

We have given this work a careful perusal, and consider it one of the most valuable
contributions to American Horticultural literature that has appeared for some time, and
we cordially recommend it to all our readers. — The Gardener^ Monthly.

The Illustrated Strawberry Culturist,

FULLY ILLUSTRATED BT NEW AND VALUABLE ENGRAVINGS.
BT THB SAME AUTHOS.

PBIOB, 20 OBNTS, PBBPAID.

For Sale by HOVEY ft Co.,
b% NoBTH Market Street, Opposite Faneuil Hall.

Advtrtising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture. 3

TWENTIETH ANNUAL VOLUME.

THE HORTICULTURIST, 1865.

A Monthly Magazine for eyebt one who has a

V1J9EYABD,

OBOHABD,

or GAMDSSf
Who loves FRUIT and FLOWERS,

or has a HOME IN THE COUNTRY

to EMBELLISH aod BEAUTIFY.
The voloine for 1865» will cootain frequent articres from

The Author of "MY FARM OF EDGEWOODf

Rev. Dr. E. H. CRESSY, the Author of *♦ TEN ACRES ENOUGH ;"
FRANCIS PARKMAN ; E. S. RAND, Ja^ Author of Flowers for
Parlor and Garden; C. N. BEMENT; A. S. FULLER, Author of
the Grapb Culturist ;
Aod others of the best practical talent and ability in

Grape Onlture, Fraits» Flowers^ Gardening, Bural Architectiire*
laandsoape Adornment, and Rural Pursaits.
Panning an Annual Volume of 400 royal octavo pages, handsomely illustrated.

TWO DOLLARS per annum, .... TWENTY CENTS per number.
Vohimes 1863, 1864, bound, (by express,) and numbers 1865, . . . Fivk Dollars.
Tdomes 1863, 1863, 1864, bound, (by express,) and numbers 1865, . SEVkW Dollars.

GEO. E. & F. W. WOODWARD,

Publishersa 37 Park Bow, New York.

Choice Collections of Flower Seeds for 1865.

SENT BY MAIL, POST PAID.

For the convenience of purchasers, who are not familiar with the various kinds of
flowers, or who prefer not to select for themselves, we ofier the following Collections or
Anortments all of our own selection ; they are composed of the most esteemed and
popular varieties, such as are really showy and best calculated for ornamental effect ^en-
eially. The smaller collections, as the names of some of the species mentioned indi-
ate, consist of very choice first class flowers.

All the collections will be forwarded to toy part of the country by mail, post paid, on
rtce^ of the amount annexed to each, viz. : —

COLLECTION
No. L 90 varieties of the most showy and favorite Annuals, • • . « $1*00'
Nou 2. 10 varieties of extra fine Annuals, including choice French Asters, mixed ;

splendid Camellia Balsams, mixed ; extra Double German Stocks ; se«

lect large Pansies, extra fine Petunias, dtc, ..... 1.00

Na 3. 20 varieties of fine Biennial and hardy Perennial Herbaceous Plants, - l.OO
No. 4. 20 packets of choice and new Annuals and Perennials, . - - - 2.0O
No. 5. 50 varieties of the most popular Annuals, ...... 2.00

No. 0. 100 varieties of Annual, Biennial and Perennial Flowers, including many

which are new and choice varieties, - • ... 5.00

No. 7. 15 varieties of choice Seeds, suitable for greenhouse and parlor culture,

including choice Calceolaria, Cineraria, Chinese Primrose, Geranhim, &c. d.OC

HOVEY & CO.,
53 North Mabkxt STaxxr, Bostov..

1 Advertising Sheet of the Mag, of Horticulture.

Grape Vines for Vineries.

Hovxnr & CO.

Offer for sale one of the largest and most complete collections of Foreign Grapes

in the country, embracing every popular variety of merit, all raised from eyes fix>m

our own bearinflr vines, and true to name, as follows: —

Black Hamburgh, Canadian Chief,

Black Hamburgh, Wilmot's No. 1(1, Muscat de Sarbelle,

Black Hamburgh, Wilmot's, Muscat Madeira,

Victoria, Muscat St Laurent,

Mill Hill Hamburgh, Purple Sweet Water,

White Fronti^nan, Champion Hamburgh,

Grizzly Frontignan, Muscat of Alexandria,

Black Prontieiian, Tottenham Park Muscat,

Chasselas of Fontainebleau, Macreadv's Early White,

Black Prince, Zinfindal,

Lombardy, White Nice,

West's St. Peters, Reigne de Nice,

Gros Bleu, Syrian,

Barbaroesa, White Tokay,

Muscat Blanc Hatif, Golden Hamburgh,

Bowker, Pope Hamburgh,

Trentham Black, Austrian Muscat

Muscat Hamburgh, Prolific Sweetwater,

Bowcod Muscat, Caillaba,

Royal Muscadine, Richmond Villa,

Chaptal. Trebbiana,

Lady Downes. Marchioness of Hastings,

Moranot Canon Hall Muscat
Decandolle,
Fine strong vines, one and two years old, in pots, ready for immediate planting.

Prices on application. 53 Nobth Maekbt Strbbt.

THE ADIRONDAC CRAPE.

HOVEY & CO.
Have been appointed Agents for the Sale of this New and

Superior Variety.

Tbe earliest and best American Grape known, ripening two weeks earlier than any
Mher good Grape. Possessing a most delicious flavor, in fact almost equal to the most
delicate hothouse grape. It on^nated at the base of the Adirondac Ran^ of mountains,
on the shore of Lake Champlam. It is believed to possess all the requisites to establish
its character as the

EARLIEST AND BEST NATIVE GRAPE.

It was awarded the first prize in New York as the finest Grape, and the first prize
in Cleveland, Ohio, as the best Grape exhibited.

Strong Plants, Na I, 2 years, -. - - each S5 00

Smaller " .* a, »* •* . . - " 4 00

Strong " ** 1, 1 ** - . - " 3 00

Smaller " u 2, " « - . - ♦• 2 00

The Vines are all cut back to three or four eyes.

Vines will be carefully packed and forwarded by Express. Small packages (less than

one pound) can be sent by mail at one cent per oz., to any part of the United States.

Address, with remittance,

HOVEY 9l CO., 53 North Market St.

THE

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

THE PROGRESS OF HORTICULTURE.

The Thirtieth Year of our labors in the cause of Horticult-
ural science has passed away, and tliough we have briefly re-
viewed the results of this long period, it remains for us to
notice quite as briefly the accumulated facts and information
of the year, regarding everything connected with the favorite
pursuits to which our pages are devoted.

To witness the exhibitions of our Horticultural and Agricul-
tural Societies, with their immense gatherings of cultivators
and their products; and to look abroad over the northern
section of our country, teeming with luxuriant crops, and
busy with every industrial art, it is difBcult to believe that a
terrible war is devastating any portion of the land, or that
mighty battles are almost weekly waged against a rebellious
foe. The realization is not felt, away from the scene of ac-
tion ; and with the energy of our people; called forth in this
great trial of our nation, we calmly and quietly pursue our
avocations, knowing that upon its agricultural and commer-
cial prosperity, rests its principal basis, and the means to
prosecute, under the blessings of Providence, the conflict
to a final and successful issue.

With this prosperity, — whether it be permanent, or to be
sooner or later reversed, and the greater development of the
wonderful resources of our country, agricultural, manufact-
uring, and mineral, rendering us yearly more independent of
foreign aid, — wealth has been distributed, and the means
acquired for building houses and embellishing them, and
planting trees and their cultivation, and the neighborhood of
our large cities as well as remote towns have felt the influ-
ences of this prosperity. Horticulture has, consequently, re-

VOL. XXXI. — NO. I. 1

2 THB tf AGAZIKS OF BOETICTLTimB.

oeiTed greater attention, and become a more attractive and
interesting etudy^ drawing within its circle great numbers who
liave heretofore thought it worth; of little consideration.

We append our summary of the character of the season : —

January was a rather mild and open month. It com-
menced with a high wind, almost amounting to a gale, with the
thermometer at 4^ on the 2d, and on the 5lh there was a cold
snow storm of about 2 inches. The 7tli the temperature fell
to zero ; the cold continued until the 18th, when it began to
moderate, and the 15th some more snow fell ; it was then
milder, with a warm rain on the 19th. The remainder of the
month was mild, with but little snow.

February was commenced remarkably mild; usually our
coldest weather occurs from the 1st to the 20th ; the first
week was mosUy cloudy, with some rain and snow. The
10th it was cool again ; but it soon moderated, with another
light snow and some rain, on the 16th. A fresh and high
wind then cooled the temperature, and the morning of the
18tb was the coldest of the year, with the thermometer at 6°
below zero. A light rain succeeded on the 22d, and the last
week was mild and pleasant.

Winter seemed about gone, and March opened with a tem-
perature of 80^, which continued with but slight variation the
whole month ; indeed it is rare tliat so few changes take place
during this month. For twenty-four days out of thirty-one,
the temperature did not vary but a ftw degrees, 28^ being
the lowest, and 40^ the highest ; and on fourteen days the
thermometer was just 32° at sunrise ; the other seven days
were cooler, but the lowest was 18°, at sunrise. It was most-
ly fair or fine throughout the month.

April commenced with an easterly rain storm ; after which
it was cool and frosty, scarcely warmer than March, until the
21st. The 10th and 11th were snowy and rainy, and on the
12th we had four inches of snow. Tlie 21st the temperature
was 4U°, and the 24th, at 60°, the first spring-like day. The
remainder of the month was cloudy, rainy and cool.

May opened more genial, with light rains and warm
showers, and on the 9th the temperature was 82°, when
vegetation began to start, and on the 9th peaches were in

JANUARY. 3

bloom. It was then cloudy and cool, witli frequent showers
up to the 17th, when it became warm again, with a thunder-
shower on the 2l8t; this was succeeded by a week of cooler
weather, and the last two days were quite warm, with the
temperature at 92^.

The month of June was cool again, with showers up to
the 16th, the highest temperature being 86^, and down as low
as 40^ on the 11th. On the 16th the mercury stood at 92^,
and continued warm, with the excepition of one day, to the
close of the montii. The 24th it was 92^, and the 26th lOO"".
Not any rain, or even a light shower fell after the 12th, and
the drought, though not yet generally severe, greatly injured
the strawberry crop.

The first day of July was cloudy with indications of rain,
but except a very light shower on the 2d, none fell. The 6th
the temperature was 92^ again, and very dry ; the week suc-
ceeding was warm. On the 11th, a light shower refreshed
the surface of the ground, but passed off and set in warm
again, with the temperature from 80^ to 9(P up to the 26th.
On this day there was a genial rain, the first that had fallen
for nearly six weeks. The closing week was fine and very
warm.

With August refreshing rains were expected, but the month
continued very dry and hot, with the temperature at 100°
again, the second time it has reached this high altitude. On
the 3d it was quite cool, and an easterly storm cooled and
refreshed the dry and parching earth. The 6th it was warm
again, and it continued very warm without rain up to the 17th.
Tlie thermometer ranging from 86° to 96°. It was then
showery and cooler, but set in warm again, without rain to
the end of the month.

After more than two months of drought, the cliange came :
September was cooler with a very fine rain on the 5th, and the
temperature ranging from 46° to 75°, with showei-s and some
rain up to the 14th. A warm week succeeded, and the month
closed rather cool, with light rains and showers. On the 25th
a high wind did considerable damage to fruit trees.

October commenced with a cool easterly storm, succeeded
by a week of warmer weather than the average. It was then

4 THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTURE.

cool, and on the 10th the temperature fell to 28°, with a
sharp white frost; up to the 17th it was cool, showery or
rainy, with one or two light frosts, and then warm again. It
was then warmer, with some cool mornings, accompanied with
frost.

The month of November continued cool, with heavy frosts
on the 1st, 2d and 3d. It was then cool and stormy for a day
or two, and warmer up to the 11th. These rainy days were
succeeded by a light snow on the 15th, with the temperature
at 23°, and a heavy frost on the 17th, with the mercury at
18°. The remainder of the month was variable, cloudy, fine
and warm.

December opened unusually fine and warm, with light
rains during the first week ; but on the 8th the wind set in
fresh from the north, and the temperature fell to 16°. The
10th it began to snow, continuing during the day, and 5 to 6
inches fell. The 12th it was colder, and the 13th the tem-
perature was just zero. Up to the time we write it has been
cool and wintery, 3 or 4 inches of snow now covering the
ground.

Compared with other years it will be seen that the winter
of 1863-4 was milder than the average, with but one day
when the temperature fell below zero; there were no ex-
tremes of either heat or cold, the highest temperature being
only 45*=*, and this only one day. The uniformity of the win-
ter has mrely been equalled, the temperature varying but lit-
tle from 32°, for weeks together, yet we believe the average
cold was low ; but it is this uniformity which is favorable to
trees of all kinds, the extremes being the severer test ; but
few inches of snow fell during the winter, yet, in consequence
of the evenness of temperature, a light snow covered the
ground for more than two months, protecting the earth, and
the roots of trees and plants. A comparison of the year with
previous years, as regards fruit, would be interesting, but
this we must leave to another time.

The characteristics of the year may be summed up as a
mild winter, a wet and cool spring, a dry and hot summer,
and a cool, cloudy autumn, almost the reverse of 1863. Crops
have generally been fair, though not over-abundant. The

JANUARY. 5

p3ar crop was a')oat up to tho average, larger than last year ;
the apple crop, in New England, small. Peaches, where there
are healthy trees, bore abundantly. Grapes were never bet-
ter, or more abundant ; in fact, the year has been unusually
favorable ; no mildew, and not the least frost up to the period
of ripening of almost every grape, even the Isabella. Straw-
berries would have been remarkably good ; the vines wintered
well, and showed well, but the di^ought cut the crop down
nearly or quite one-half. Other summer fruits were plentiful.
After the hot and dry summer, which has thoroughly ripened
the somewhat short and stocky growth of fruit trees, there is
every appearance — provided the present weather does no in-
jury — that the coming year will more nearly approach to tlio
abundant year of 1862, than either that of 1863, or the
season just closed.

HORTICULTUaE.

Wc should be thought by some remise of our duty if we did
not allude to, — as the most prominent feature of the year, —
the deep interest manifested in grape culture throughout the
whole extent of our country. It has been increasing, but the
extraordinary year, and the large crops have greatly aug-
mented the desire to plant, until it has become almost a mania.
This deep interest in grape growing has not been simply
because we have new and superior varieties, but because
there has been more information diffused upon every branch
of fruit culture, and the mass of the people have ascertained
that they can have all these luxuries, with a little care and
attention. The vineyard culture of the grape is destined to
bo a very great interest, and is one of the developments of
our industry. With high duties, and excessive rates of ex-
change, the importation of foreign wines must be exceedingly
small, and to supply the demand why should not our varied
and fine climate supply even all that is wanted ? Why then
should not grape culture attract universal attention? We
must admit, notwithstanding the assertions of some, that we
cannot make a really valuable wine, that it has been too long
neglected, and that there are some localities, if all will not do
it, that must enable us to make a wine good enough for all.

6 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBB.

We have labored, and shall continue to labor, in « the accom-
plishment of this great and important object. Our present
volume will make the grape a speciality, and, we trust, with-
out damaging our interests, to do for this fruit what we have
already done for the peai*.

Strawberry culture has received a new impetus, from the
introduction of new varieties, said to possess remarkable
merits ; these great expectations are somewhat in advance of
any decisive information, but many of our cultivators are so
credulous that they eagerly purchase every new sort, with a
glowing description, expecting to find it to surpass all others ;
old kinds are consequently neglected, and then the pampered
new ones are contrasted with the former, to show their supe-
riority; give the old sorts the same care and the decision
would be reversed. We certainly believe in progress, and
think there might be more valuable varieties produced than
we now possess ; but the standard is high, and the probabili-
ties small, yet when the excellence of any new kind is fully
proved, we would make every effort to disseminate such
acquisitions. The Agriculturist is now the prominent berry,
and if equal to its reputed merit, will be a very valuable
variety. It certainly is a very vigorous plant, and we hope
will fulfil the expectations of cultivators. Whether it is
pistillate or staminate is not certainly known. Mr. Carpen-
ter of New York informs us that it is staminate, but some
writer, who has forced it in the greenhouse, states that he
could not obtain any fruit; but upon examination with a
magnifying-glass, he detected minute, undeveloped stamens.
From this wo doubt not it is pistillate. Hovey's Seedling has
^^ minute, undeveloped stamens,'' if examined with a magni-
fying-glass, or even the naked eye. No cultivator ever saw
tlie Triomphe de Gand, but what it exhibited prominent
stamens, even if it did not set its fruit freely, which we do
not know that it ever failed to do ; certainly not with us.

Among foreign strawberries, many of which have been
recently introduced, no variety has come up to La Constanta,
either for size, beauty, quality, or productiveness. Every
year adds to the high reputation it has already obtained as
one of the finest of all strawberries. Bijou, Lucas, and some

others of Be Jonghe^s seedlingS) are said to be vety fine, but
we have not fraited them. Of Ameriean sorts, Russell's
Fh>lific has attracted considerable attention from the glowing
descriptions of its immense berries ; but as one cultivator has
said of La Gonstante, that it ^Vwent up like a rocket and came
down like a stick :" we think the illustration very original
and bappjt but unfortunately applied to the wrong variety ;
had it been Bussell's, the sagacity of the writer would have
been shown* With us the Bussell was large, and produced
well, but the berries wore soft, dark, and rather ding^ in
color, and but slightly less acid than the Wilson. Lenning's
White has proved a very excellent strawberry, new in color,
a good grower, Mr size, an abundant bearer, and rich in
quality. Bartiett proves to be our old and well-known Bos-
ton Pine ; it is pleasant to see such high praise accorded to
an old sort, under a new name. After what we have said iu
our previous volumes, it is unnecessary for us to refer to tiie
various modes of culture, as there is nothing new to detail.

Orchard-houses are gradually becoming indispensable ad-
juncts to every complete garden, especiaUy where the peach
is considered a desirable fruit ; for under this treatment it
can always be had in abundance, and in perfection. Success
has everywhere attended the efforts of those who have taken
hold of the subject in earnest. The plum and the cherry,
now difficult to raise, from the depredations of the birds and
insects, may also be easily grown, and excellent crops
obtained. Of other fruits, beyond the interest which a fiill
collection always affords, the results are less important ; still a
fine stock of handsomely shaped trees, in full firuit, whether
peaches, plums, cherries, pears or apples, will always be a
source of the highest gratification. Believing this, we have
from time to time given all the information on this interest*
ing subject.

Pear cultivation has continued to be a subject of great
interest, and attention has again been directed to the produc-
tion of seedlings, of which some varieties of promise
have been brought to notice ; a few of these we have figured
and described in our last volume, and others will be noticed
in the course of the year. The Edmonds, which was brought

8 THE MAGAZINE OP HOBTICULTUUE.

to the notice of pomologists, by Mr. Barry, in 1863, has again
fruited, and has proved quite equal to its high reputation.
As we shall notice the report of the last session of the Amer-
ican Pomological Society, as soon as published, we defer any
general remarks, in relation to the newer pears, until that
time. The crop of the year has been fair, and the quality
excellent. We have been pleased to learn that our notice of
*' One Hundred Fine Pears" has given very general satisfac-
tion, and aflForded much valuable information to amateurs.
We are inclined to believe that the information obtained by
longer experience will induce cultivators to change their
opinions in regard to the best six, or twelve varieties, and
that the place of some must be filled by others which have
maintained their superiority.

FLORICULTURE.

Prominent among the flowers of the year must be named
the gladiolus, the pronunciation of which name has been a
source of much discussion. A reference to our index of
plants, in any volume, will show what the true accentuation
is, viz. : Glad-i-olus ; yet so general has become the custom
of calling it Gladi-6-lus, that we fear it will be difficult to
alter it ; "a rose by any other name will smell as sweet," and
whether Glad-i-olus or Gladi-6-lus, the flowers will lose none
of their beauty. No better evidence can be afforded of the
capability of our cultivators to render us almost independent
of all foreign productions, than this flower ; for in the short
space of four years, we have surpassed all that has been done
for this flower in Europe. Seedlings have been raised, which
far excelled any of the newest French or English seedlings,
and thousands upon thousands have been produced. The
same zeal bestowed upon the rose, the pajony, the pelargo-
nium, or any other flower, would uiidoubtedly give similar
results ; why not make the trial? The two former are hardy,
and can be grown by everybody ; the latter, and all tender
flowers, would need the aid of the greenhouse. Will not our
enthusiastic cultivators set to work in earnest ?

Japan appears to be, par excellence, the " flowery-land,"
though the name is applied to the Celestial Empire. But the

JANUARY. 9

researches of Von SiobolJ, Fortune, Veitch, and Hogg, have
given us novelties, which the most extravagant fancies of the
most enthusiastic plant-lover did not dream. Dr. Hall, to
whom we are all so deeply indebted for his disinterested labors
in making our country participants with that of Great Britain
in the acquisition of the great golden lily, and other choice
things, has given us, personally, such glowing descriptions of
wliat he saw, that wo are almost afraid to report them, for
fear we should be pronounced another Munchausen ; only
think of a Wistaria with clusters of flowers 3 feet long ! We
have endeavored to prevail on Dr. Hall to give our readers
some notice of what he saw, and he has partly promised to do
so. Recently, we had the pleasure of looking over several of
Mr. T. Hogg's acquisitions, which were sent to his brother in
New York, and among which were some rare plants ; now
that importation is almost or quite prohibited, by the rates of
excljange, and duties, &c., it will be cheering to know that
we can obtain the same plants which Messrs. Fortune and
Veitch introduced to Europe, without the expense and
danger of importation.

The culture of the rose is yearly becoming more extensive,
and this most beautiful of flowers is attracting the atten-
tion it truly deserves. Many reasons have combined to cause
its neglect ; one of the most common, being the use of budded
plants. They are yearly produced and sold, and in the place
of the magnificent varieties, introduced with glowing descrip-
tions, there is nothing but a single blossom, which, on close
examination, proves to have come from the stock, either a
Manetti or Briar. We do not mean by tins to wholly deny
the value of budded roses, which in the hands of intelligent
and skilful cultivators may serve a good purpose, but under
the treatment of the mass of cultivators the stock kills out
the scion, and the result is as we have stated. Then again,
many, — at least two-thirds of the Hybrid Perpetuals, — are
weak growers, and half-tender, and liable to be killed off* by
our severe winters, resulting in disappointment, and leading
to the ignoring of the whole tribe. Yet there are some as
vigorous and hardy as the commonest hardy rose, and which
bloom freely and abundantly all the autumn ; when these are

10 * THU MAQAZINB OF HQBTICULTURB.

selected, they will not fail to give entire satisfaction to any
rose amateur. Our advice is: — avoid budded roses; leave
their selection to a respectable dealer; manure highly;
prune hard, and no fear need be apprehended of the result.
The importation of new plants, or new and choice varieties
of popular flowers, has been exceedingly limited, and our
collections have been but slightly augmented from this source.
A few of the cheaper plants, such as verbenas, chrysanthe-
mums, &c*, have been added ; but of really new plants, the
acquisitions have been few. Our Moricultural Notices have
revealed the many riches in store, when our commercial rela-
tions are restored to theur former basis, or something near
it ; till then, our amateurs must be content with what they
possess, with limited exceptions, and then only at extravagant
prices. A reference to our last volume will show what has
been the progress of floriculture abroad.

ABBOmCULTUBB.

If the utilitarian views of our cultivators has led them of
late years to plant fruit, rather than ornamental trees, we can
only indulge the hope that, successful in their efforts, they
have not wholly forgotten the ornamental. We think we can
discern a more appreciating taste for beautiful trees and
shrubs, and landscape effect, generally. These are the
natural accompaniments of wealth, and the more prosperous
condition of our country, the erection of suburban villas and
country houses, has awakened a better taste for rural art.

We have already alluded to the liberality of Mr. Hunne-
well, in enabling tiie Massachusetts Horticultural Society to
move in the important work of arousing our planters to the
necessity of a better display of taste, in the ornamentation of
their grounds. We have no doubt Mr. Hunnewell's aid has
come just at the right time, and that the Society will take
such measures as will accomplish the views of the donor.
Already has the example of Mr. Hunnewell, in liis own
grounds, been of especial service in two ways, viz., in showing
how much can be done by some preconceived plan of opera-
ations, and what trees may be depended upon to give
additional variety, and picturesque effect. The latter is a

JANUABT. • 11

slow and somewhat expensive work ; for time is required to
test the real hardiness of a tree, and new kinds are costly,
and require care in the task of acclimating them. But much
has been done, and planters are deeply indebted to such
gentlemen, for their disinterested efforts in the right direc-
tion. Japan trees are now the interesting objects, and while
some have already proved entirely hardy, it is hoped many
others will be added to the list. One of these beautiful
acquisitions is the Double Deutzia, (D. crenata fl. pL)
sufficient in itself to repay the introduction of a dozen less
hardy plants. The hardy species and varieties of pines,
spirsDas, junipers, &c., are now numerous enough to break up
that monotony which has so long existed, from the exclusive
use of half a dozen kinds.

And lastiy we come to the rhododendron and azalea, now,
after more than twenty years of repeated notice, just begin-
ning to be truly appreciated. Henceforth they will become the
prominent objects in every beautiful plantation, whether of
limited or greater extent. The American grounds, so
denominated in England, where these shrubs have so long held
universal sway, are to be no less an important feature of our
own plantations, where there is space for their ii^roduction.
Here, revelling in their appropriate place, the rhododendron,
azalea, kalmia, magnolia, ledum, andromeda, and other
similar and equally elegant shrubs, will form a peculiar
source of interest and beauty.

HOBTICULTUBAL UTERATUBE.

The best evidence of an appreciative interest in horti-
culture, is the increase of publications devoted to the dissem-
ination of information upon the art of cultivation. These
have been more numerous than usual. Mr. Fuller's Gbapb
CuLTUBiBT has come just at the right time, and fills a place
left vacant; it is a most valuable addition to our stock of
information on grape growing. The Obchabd-House, a
republication of Mr. Brehaut's treatise, which appeared in a
previous volume, has been published, with a supplement by
the editor supplying information valuable to cultivators, omit-
ted by Mr. Brehaut. Two works, not strictly horticultural,

12 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

but yet admirable aids to the dissemination of valuable infor-
mation upon rural art, have appeared ; they are " Ten Acres
Enough," and '* How to get a Farm." We can commend
them to the attention of all. A new edition of Burr's Vege-
tables OP America is in preparation, but it is not yet quite
ready. The magazines devoted to horticulture have continued
to maintain their usual excellence, and the Horticulturist, now
\mder the editorial supervision of Messrs. Woodward, is about
to appear with increased attractions.

CONFUSION IN THE NURSERY.

BY D. W. LOTHROP, WEST MEDFORD.

When an amateur plants a garden, and shows that interest
in liis trees wliich he must to make them a pleasure of
peculiar charm, his disappointment is intense if he finds a
large portion of them prove false to their labels. These trees
he has watched from year to year, by sunlight and perhaps by
moonlight^ he has dug around them, and endeavored to make
their bed soft and comfortable ; has tried to make them grow
regular by proper training and direction, as he would liis
children ; has gazed with great delight upon their early vigor-
ous shoots, and has particularly sought out their first appear-
ance of fruit buds. But perhaps his Duchesse proves a Vicar,
his Sheldon a Jargonelle, his Superfin a Napoleon, and his
d'Anjou something of unknown worthlessness. Not so bad
as they might be, some may say. No ; sometimes something
better than was ordered is got ; but even with the few excep-
tions, it does not much mitigate the vexation. It amounts to
about this — instead of having a choice selection of pears, or
other fruits, he has only an ordinary mixture. He now
begins to cut away and insert grafts of his choice. And here,
unless he is very cautious in procuring his scions, he will be
again brought to grief.

This evil may be unavoidable to an extent ; but if we
would seek a reform in the nursery, we must complain of its
delinquencies. Honest men will be more careful; rogues

JANUARY. 13

less daring. The poet Butler wrote the following well-known
couplet : —

<« DonbUesB the pleasure is as great
Of being cheated as to cheat*'

But this is more appliable to legerdemain than to labelling
fruit trees. Mistakes or frauds in the nursery are so common
that the victims may smile even at a simple allusion to them ;
and I fear myself I shall not be able to write a serious arti-
cle ? " Why," says one, " you must expect one third of your
trees false. Nurserymen have no means of telling one varie-
ty from another, except in rare cases, by leaf or peculiar
growth ; and even then it's nothing but reasonable conjecture.
They are as frequently deceived as any one, and innocently
propagate the deception." Perhaps this is generally true;
new varieties particularly are subject to mistakes, as they are
not readily recognized. But then if occasionally a man
should get into the business whose ethics in trade are not
" first rate," or are falling into decay — degenerating, as we
say of some old fruits — and who thinks that rapid and hand-
some-growing trees, even of very poor sorts, are more readily
brought into the market and sell better than those of a con-
trary character (some of our best varieties growing slowly),
he might have the weakness to yield to the temptation, and
furnish such trees for all varieties ordered ? To the honor of
nurserymen, however, I must say that I have never encoun-
tered but one in my limited dealings with them, who arrested
such suspicion. With him I now think it was a fault rather
tlian a misfortune. His establishment was within thirty miles
of Boston, and as he has passed hence, to avoid offence, I will
give him the posthumous synonym of " Crisp," should I again
have occasion to allude to him. Pardon the retaliation.

About twelve years ago, having some pear stocks to work,
I went into a neighbor's ground — who had lately set some
choice pear trees from a popular nurseryman — and finding
a tree marked *^ Seckel," I took a scion therefrom, and also
one from a tree labeled " Glout Morceau." The stock into
which I inserted the Seckel soon commenced to grow rapidly,
and continued most of the season to dg so, surpassing every-
thing else. It was very stocky and bushy. I began to suspect

14 THE MAQAZINB OF BOBTICTTLTURE.

it was not the Seokel, and from a few specimens which it
bore three years ago, I judged it might be the Bufifom — ^not
being acquainted with the habit of that tree. In 1863 it again
bore a few small fruit, which plednly showed that it was
neither Seckel nor Buffum, but a little pear so shocking
and bitter as to nauseate one. How came it in the nursery ?
After waiting, however, ten years for disappointment, I felt
partly recompensed by the splendid stock it gave me ; being
six inches through at the butt. It has anew a vigorous head
of Swan's Orange, from scions which I knew grew on a Swan's
Orange tree. The bitter specimens alluded to above I showed
to the gentleman from whose nursery my neighbor's trees
were purchased, and he quietly observed that it was some
poor sort which had ** crept in." In a year or two I can
laugh with him about it.

The scions marked Glout Morceau also grew rapidly, and
threw up very long shoots. They had the ash-colored wood
of that variety. Oetting a few specimens, I inquired of the
same gentleman what it was, and he said it was the Glout
Morceau. It certainly looked like it then. The following
year it ripened up yellow in early autumn, with a fine blush,
cracked and rotted badly on the tree. I then showed another
specimen (a greenish one) to the gentleman, when he pro-
nounced it the Catillac. Whatever it was it grew like a
rocket. The stock is now doing good service.

Meeting Crisp one spring in Boston, about ten years ago,
I bought of him some scions of the Ducliesse d'Orleans — a
variety which stood high in my mind — and they were inserted
in a vigorous stock. They grew into a beautifully-shaped
tree, and presented a clean, thick, very glossy, dark-green
leaf like the Camellia. I imagined I recognized the leaf in
Hovey's Fruits of America, where it is described. Whenever
I saw the fruit or heard it praised, I exultingly exclaimed to
myself, "Well, I've got that!" I watched it with interest,
and in time it bore one fruit, which looked rather bard, dark
and irony all summer ; and when frost came it was placed
in the cellar, where it remained till February. At this time
it had changed its color (I had changed color about it before)
seeming to be about ripe, and on being tasted proved rather

JANaABT. 15

sweet, but coarse and ugly. The Winter Nelis soon took the
place of suck an *^ Orleans."

At the same time I bought of Crisp some grafts of the
famous Beurre d'Aigou. Inserting one in a good stock, it grew
about five feet the first season, and was an inch in diameter
at its base ! The next year it threw out graoeftil and vigor-
ous laterals, and firom season to season continued to grow very
rapidly, forming one of the most beautiful pyramids I have
ever seen, without a touch of the knife. The shoots were a
dark brown and the leaves dark green ; but as I did not then
know that the color of the wood of the d'Anjou was much
lighter and ashy in general appearance, the error was not
detected. But alas, a few years brought a cluster of small,
worthless, dark-brown pears, which suddenly rotted on the
tree, and showed conclusively that a tree is known by its
fruit, not by its label. Could so handsome and rapid a grow-
er as this have been retained in the nursery for the mere pur-
pose of raising splendid trees ?

Wishing to procure some buds of the Beurre Glairgeau,
which stood at the top of the list of European pears, I called
on a respectable nurseryman and found him in jjis nursery.
I told him my errand, when he proceeded to a certain, tree
in a nursery row which he said had borne a little, and flipped
me a twig. The same afternoon they were inserted in the
branches of a vigorous Jargonelle, in hopes of sooner seeing
the fruit. The next spring they started well, and I felt as if
I had grown several inches myself, as I now had the " crack "
pear ! I used no other buds that day, nor in fact during the
season. In a few years several pears appeared. It was a
solace. But about midsummer I fancied the fruit was rather
too round for the Glairgeau, and knew it a month after — as
they began to turn yellow ! Still they were hard, and were
sufiered to remain a little longer, till they assumed a blush,
but were soon found all rotten at the core, with a rather firm
shell. I showed one to the author of the buds at the Horti-
cultural Rooms, and asked him to give its name. He said he
did not know it, neither did he grow it ! But, said I, you
gave me the scions for the Glairgeau. He was astonished.
Fuially, he thought he might have it at a given place in his

16 THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTURE.

garden. A singular confession this, which compelled me to
re-work two good stocks that now delight in the Bosc. Job
had his trials, no doubt ; but stocking a garden with choice
fruit trees was not one of them !

Falling in with Crisp every spring for the first few years of
my gardening experience, I bought a couple of dwarf pear
trees for special locations — one the Beurre Dicl, the other the
Flemisli Beauty. In about five years the latter bore ; but the
fruit, though small, was brown and had some resemblance to
that variety. I was deceived for a year or two, but it grew
better, when I ascertained it to be the Henry IV., a very excel-
lent pear. The Diel grew very rapidly, even under disad-
vantages ; and after about eight years bore one small button
pear, succeeded by another the following year ! As I inserted
in its stock the d'Anjou, I could not help thinking that Crisp
was not much unlike the pear described in the last paragraph.

This gentleman also gave me some scions of the Fulton,
which proved to be the Lawrence ; and some Lawrence which
proved to be the Belle Lucrative. Also some of the Golden
Beurre, which grew rapidly, but turned out a large worthless
fruit, like the one noticed as the Glout Morceau above.

Wishing to grow the famous Tompkins County King apple,
the ubiquitous Crisp was ready, and said I might have some
cuttings from some young trees then on their way from New
York State. When they arrived I paid him for them, and
worked them on two vigorous stocks. In a few years one of
them bore a few specimens. They were handsome and
smooth, but seemed in August to be rather light-colored for
the King and a little too flat. A month more confirmed my
suspicions, and still another told plainly that they were the
Salmon Sweet ! For this mishap I reserve half of my indig-
nation, as one of the trees I shall let grow — in memory of the
transaction and the man.

It must not be inferred that I was equally unfortunate
in all my trees, or with most other nurserymen; for in several
instances all, or nearly all, were true to label — even bundles
of trees from Western New York, bought at auction, have
proved so. But in regard to Crisp, truth compels me to say,
that I do not recollect of ever having a tree or a scion from

JANUABT. 17

him that proved to bo the variety for which it was purchased I
Were he now among us, how much soever of the agreoablo
he might exhibit, I am impressed — in remembrance of the
record he has left in my behalf— that I could not reciprocate
it.

I did not intend to write anything like a sermon, but if,
from the facts presented, a moral can be drawn, it will be
gratifying. The reputation of nurserymen should be made
known, whether good or bad ; and purchasers of trees should
be careful to whom they give orders, and in procuring scions
endeavor to know from what trees they were taken. A great
deal of delay and vexation may thus be avoided.

THE COLORS OP PEARa

BT J. 8. HOUGHTON, PHILADELPmA.

It is an interesting question, how far the colors of pears
may be influenced by climate, soil, special manuring, mulch-
ing or other treatment. It is quite certain that some cultiva-
tors produce fruit much more delicate in complexion, and more
highly colored than others. The Duchesse d'Angouleme, which
is generally of a pale green, changing to a dull yellow, is fre-
quently seen with a bright glossy skin and a brilliant scarlet
blush on one side, adding much to its beauty. The red color
on the Louise Bonne de Jersey is frequently very intense,
while other specimens are of a dull brown. Dr. Boynton, of
Syracuse, New York, once exhibited some pears at a meeting
of the National Pomological Society, covered with a skin like
glass, and tinted with the most brilliant hues, crimson, scar-
let, and gold. We have never seen any fruit since, equal in
finish and color to those specimens. Dr. Boynton attempted
to explain the cause of this perfection and color, by some
geological theory and special manuring ; but either pomolo-
gists could not understand him, or he did not understand him-
self; nothing ever came of it.

How far is it possible to discover and control the causes of
cobr? Many cultivators of fruit have no doubt observed that

VOL. XXXI. — ^NO. I. 2

18 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

sickly trees, or those in a stunted and unhealthy condition,
will generally produce fruit more highly colored than healthy
and thrifty trees. The fruit will probably be smaller than
on more vigorous trees, but will take on a much richer color.
This may perhaps be attributed to the fact, that growing slow-
ly, the juice of the fruit and the fabric of the skin may be
more perfectly elaborated early in the season, and hence may
be more thoroughly acted upon by the rays of the sun. It
has been remarked by Prof. Balfour, a distinguished English
botanist, that " the colors of flowers appear to depend upon
the oxidation of their juices." The colors produced on the
leaves of trees, in autumn, we are constantly told by vegeta-
ble physiologists, is due to the action of oxygen upon the
juices and the texture of the foliage. We are also told, by the
same authorities, that the sap of trees carries up with it com-
mon air, carbonic acid and oxygen, as gases, in addition to
the mineral elements which may be in solution in that fluid.

Now from these facts it would appear that a stunted or
checked growth, and free oxidation of the juice of the fruit
would tend to increase the brilliancy of the color.

But to obtain a good ambrotype, you must have a plate
properly prepared for the action of the sun's rays ; and to get
highly colored fruit you must undoubtedly have a texture of
' skin fitted to take on the desired tints. What shall be the
constituents of this skin ? and how shall these constituents
be collected and organized ?

The first evident constituent or element of a proper skin is
a somewhat dense fibre ; next, a certain amount of silica, as
in the cornstalk and bamboo; then perhaps, (for all this is
something like guess work) some iron and other minerals, in
free supply; after these, what acids? or what phosphates?
Who can tell ?

One of the substances employed in manure, which has been
supposed to have a great influence on the colors of flowers^
is charcoal. Whether there are any facts in existence to show
what the efiect of charcoal is upon fruit, in respect to color,
we do not know. We have used many hundred cords of fine
charcoal, about fruit trees, as a top-dressing, and as a mulch-
ing agent, without discovering that it produced any efiect on

JANUABT. 19

the color of the fniit. That charcoal attracts oxjgen with
considerable avidity, and yields carbonic acid gas pretty free-
ly, we presume there is little doubt. • Further experiments in
its use, in respect to its effect on color, are to be desired.

Of the mineral substances which enter into the composition
of manure, the alkalies, oxide of iron, and sulphate of iron,
have been supposed by some writers to have an influence
upon the color of fruit.

We must confess that although we have tried some experi-
ments with a view to produce color in pears, by special treat-
ment, we have not yet arrived at any thing like certainty in
this respect. But we are still experimenting, with the hope
of greater success.

Of one thing we feel convinced, and that is, that the art of
manipulating the soil and managing the trees, (special ma-
nuring and training) is still in its infancy, and much improve-
ment may yet be made in these departments of gardening.
We should be gratified to see this subject further discussed
by the Editor of this Magazine, and other pomologists who
have succeeded in growing highly colored pears. Has any
body ever so looked into " the womb of time,'* as to discover
the process by which their most beautiful pets were pro-
duced?

SPECIMEN OF lONAISM.

BT D.

I send you the following bagatelle, as a complimentary
review of one of those modest little emanations from the
delectable island of lona — one of those ^^ refreshing indica-
tions," and oft-appearing ^^ landmarks," which are so helpful
to benighted inquirers after the tnie way, and the true
things!

On the first page we have the following morceau : ^^ Allen's
Hybrid has all of the excellence of the famous Golden Ghas-
selas," and more too, for it is ^^ more spirited." Now this is
all very good, as it stands. But note how skilfully the fact
is clinched by the remark immediately following. ^^ It is with-

20 THE MAGAZINB OP HORTICULTURE.

out any of the offensiveness that has detracted so largely from
our natives, as represented by the Isabella and Catawba, or,
by the still lower and more objectionable Concord and Hart-
ford Prolific." (!)

"The lona, (page 2), is in perfection three weeks before
the Catawba afid Isabella, and two weeks earlier than the
Concord." " Its time of ripening is very early ^ and about
the same as that of the Delaware^ beginning to be good to eat,
(p. 4), before the Concord had colored in the slightest degreeJ*^
News ! — so far at least as the Delaware is concerned, — and
good news too, isn't it? And true ; for (p. 4), " the Dela-
ware is not behind the earliest in ripening, among hardy
vines," and (p. 11), " is in marketable condition as early as
the Hartford Prolific." ( ! ) Ergo, the lona ripens with the
Hartford Prolific.

The following has a " refreshing flavor," (p. 7) : " If it had
not been for the most sedulous and untiring efforts at the
lona establishment," " this country would have been still slum-
bering over the Isabella and Catawba, for Concord and Hart-
ford Prolific have not in themselves enough of goodness to
sustain life." Good joke, that ! How pitiable is the condi-
tion of those " who (p. 4), have only had their perceptions of
the flavor and refreshing enjoyment which the vine can fur-
nish, sparingly exercised upon the fruit of the very imperfect
Israellas, or of the more gross and foxy Concord, and Hart-
ford Prolific." Bad, indeed !

The Israella (p. 2), is " intensely black and fully ripe for
market, August twentieth, and it exceeds the lona in earliness
of ripening, by more than one week." Now, if the Delawwe
is ^not behind the earliest in ripening," and the time of
ripening of the lona is " about the same as that of the Dela-
ware," and the Israella is ripe " more than one week"^ before
the lona, it mu^ follow that the Israella is " beginning to be
good to eat " about the time that the Concord is going oat oT
blossom ! Quite early and desirable, isn't it ? And then it
is so "intensely black," (p. 2), and "the color is a dark
purple," (p. 13). You see there is no mistaking the color,
and that is quite an item in identifying* the fruit !

JANUARY. 21

One important fact must not be overlooked, particularly
with regard to the Israella, and that is, that it is " not ofiFered
to the public /or trialj^ but only after " extensive trial." .Has
. it not always '^ shown the same uniform results in other
hands," in Boston ; in fact, all over Massachusetts, and Maine,
and Connecticut? "Answer me that." And has it not
"passed through a long and severe trial," (p, 6), and have
not its merits been ** confirmed by the uniform voice of the
vast number of good judges who have critically examined it
from year to year?

The impartial author of the tract before us very prudently
makes no positive promise as to the quantity of wine and
raisins which his two new pets will supply to " this country,"
but the quality is more than hinted at when he says, (p. 1):
"The Delaware, as a wine grape, has no superior in any
country, and no equal in this." " lona (p. 6), is probably
equal to Delaware in value for wine." " The Israella may
be expected to make a rich wine, very distinct, &c." What
" delightful refreshment " in prospect for us all !

And those raisins: " The lona dries readily to the best and
most spirited of raisins." " It is scarcely inferior to the best
of Malagas, for making the best of raisins." "Possessing
with the Muscat of Alexandria, this quality, upon which the
production of the best raisins depends." Good ! No " keg
raisins" there!

Now let us all join with, the disinterested author in " the
manifestation of the proper feeling toward those " ignorant
and interested " individuals who have " zealously advocated "
" the Concord, and other inferior kinds," and strive earnestly
for the power to appreciate that "goodness of quality" in
grapes, wines, and raisins,''^ " which will constantly increase
in importance, as perceptive ability becomes more culti-
vated, which it is destined to be with greatly accelerated
rapidity." ! ! !

22 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTURE.

HOOIBRENK'S MODE OF TRAINING THE GRAPE.

A jear ago, a notice appeared in the English gardening
journals, of some remarkable results obtained by a new mode
of training the vine, practised by M. Daniel Hooibrenk)
upon M. Jacquesson's estate at Epernay. These results were
so decided as to attract the attention of the Emperor of
the French, who made an unexpected visit to see the experi-
ments of M. Hooibrenk. But beyond some general remarks,
in regard to the training of all trees and vines at an angle of
12^ below the horizontal, and its results upon their productive
qualities, no information was given.

We have, however, in a recent number of the Gardeners*
Chronicle, obtained a tolerably full account of M. Hooibrenk's
system, and though like all new modes of culture it has its
advocates and depreciators, yet, it seems to us, to be founded
on sound principles, and entitled to a full and thorough trial ;
and though, as it will be seen, the experiments were made
under glass, (in a grapery or cold-house), it appears to us
that the system has few advantages over the ordinary modes
of practice in that position. It is more especially adapted to
our hardy grapes in the open air, being neither the short
system as advocated by some, nor the long system as advo-
cated by others, but a medium between the two, and particu-
larly valuable on account of tlie ease with which the vines
may be laid down and protected in winter.

We have but little space at Xhis time for extended remarks.
The account, with the engraving, explains itself. We ought
to say, however, that we have omitted an engraving, showing
the bilateral system, — that is, a vine with branches extend-
ing each way from the main stem, as first practised by
M. Hooibrenk, because he has abandoned it himself, and
because it is this in the main, which gives it so great a claim
to the attention of American grape growers. By the unilat-
eral system, the shoots can be all laid down in one direction,
while with the other or old plan, it would be diflScult to bend
the branches in an opposite direction to their growth,
without endangering their being broken.

JANUARY. 23

The simplicity and neatness of M. Hooibrenk's mode arc
apparent; but he attributes his great success to the inclina-
tion of the branches below the horizontal line, (10^ or 12^).
There can be no doubt that it is favorable to a complete
development of the buds, from all our knowledge of the vine,
and the tendency of the sap towards the terminal shoots ;
thus, while in the breaking t>f the buds the inclination assists
in their stronger development, so later in the season, when the
new shoots have made their growth, judicious stopping will
still guard against an undue supply of sap towards thci^e
shoots, and direct it towards the growth of the fruit. We
commend M. Hooibrenk's system to our amateurs and intel-
ligent grape growers ; —

The system of vine culture propounded by M. D. Hooi-
brenk, of Heitzing, near Vienna, has attracted so much
atteutiou and discussion on the Continent, and is still regarded
there with so much interest by those holding favorable or
unfavorable views respecting it, that some further explana-
tory particulars will no doubt be acceptable to many of our
readers.

We commence with a remarkable report which has been
presented to the Societe Centrale et Impiriale d^ Horticulture
de Paris by a commission charged to examine this method of
cultivating the vine, as practised in the garden of Madame
Furtado, at Rocquencourt, and in that of Gen. Jacqueminot,
at Meudou. The following is a risumi of tl e more import-
ant passages of this report : —

At Rocquencourt M. Fournier first conducted the Commis-
sion towards a pit or glass-cslse (bache) which had been set
up against a wall 8 feet high, and of considerable length ; and
6splained tliat the results obtained proceeded from old vines,
which had not yielded any produce for several years, as mucli
by reason of age, as by the evil influence of masses of shrubs
growing in front of them. These shrubs had been removed,
and large trenches opened at the foot of the wall, the
trenches being filled with good soil and manure, and the old
vine stems laid down therein, the terminal branches being
either fixed against the wall, or trained as espaliers. The

24 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

vines throughout the whole extent of the wall had become
furnished with vigorous shoots, rising vertically to various
heights, and then turned oflF to one side and lowered a little
below the horizontal line, in order to form long fruit-branches.
The inclination of the fruit-branches was from 12° to 16°.
All these long inclined branches had the most of their buds
developed, almost all of the buds bearing one or oftener two
moderately fine bunches, not, however, attaining the con-
dition of perfection. In all those cases where the stem had
only one loi)g branch, the first eye had produced a shoot,
which being trained vertically and not stopped, became fit to
replace the fruit-branch in tlie following year. But wherever
on the same stem there were two, three, or four fruit-
branches, only one or two of them yielded shoots fit for the
replacement. The inclination of 12*^ to 15° below the hori-
zontal line being regarded as a distinctive 'and essential
character of the Hooibrenk method, the equal bursting and
fertility of all tlie buds of the fruit-branch, whatever might
be its length, being attributed to it, the Commission was
induced to examine closely all the eyes along the whole
length of the fruit-branches, and though here and there the
equality was nearly realized, yet, in many cases it was not
manifested, either in the breaking or vigor of the buds, or in
the number and quality of the bunches. The greatest vigor
showed itself at the extremities, while the centre was gen-
erally inferior, and sometimes altogether naked.

The inclination of the fruit-branch, indicated by M. Hooi-
brenk, was held by M. Guyot to be no new thing, since it had
been practised from time immemorial in France, as at
Juran^on, at Madiran, and in other places. M. Guyot main-
tained that the depression of the branches was neither neces-
sary nor advantageous, and that the horizontal lino was better
adapted than any other to secure the equal development of
buds, and of the fruit crop. This equality, so well obtained
in the French vineyards, would disappear, he argued, if the
cordons, instead of being horizontal, were inclined down-
wards. M. Forest expressed the opinion, shared by MM.
Malot and Guyot, that equal growth and fructification
throughout the length of a fruit-branch depended much more

JANUARY. 25

upon tho pinching or stopping being done at an opportune
time, tlian upon the mere inclination of the branch some few
inches more or less below tlie horizontal line.

These having been examined and discussed, M. Fournier
conducted the Commission to another pit or glass-case (bache)
containing some old vines in horizontal cordons, furnished
with their grapes, and other vines laid down distant from tlie
wall, bearing one, two, three, or sometimes four long
branches, the greater part inclined downwards, but some
horizontal. All these long branches were furnished with
grapes. Tlie stems, which had three or four long branches,
produced only one or two shoots for replacement, so tliat the
same mode of ptuning could not be repeated the next year.
These vines bore abundantly, but the grapes were of third or
fourth-rate quality, and inferior in flavor to the fruit of
vines trained in horizontal cordons, which latter, moreover,
were found to yield with perfect uniformity both shoots and
fructification, each branch bearing as many clusters as shoots.

It was therefore concluded that the abundance of fruit and
the vigorous growth observed were the natural consequence
of successfully laying down (recouchie) the stems of the old
vines; and that tho appearance, consistency, and flavor of
the fruit were the result of a temporary fertility induced by
tlie superabundant vigor thus thrown into the plants, and not
durable qualities as in the case of the cordon and courson
vines. It was also found that when the vines had but one
long fruit-branch, they produced at the angle a bud of
sujQScient strength to yield a shoot for replacement ; but that
when they were furnished with two, three, or four such
branches, they did not produce the new shoots necessary in
the following year. While therefore acknowledging the
ability and practical success with which M. Pouwiier had
established and conducted his experiments, the Commission
found in their results nothing to constitute a new invention
or a new system.

Count Lelieur, in his Pomone franpaise (1842), remarks
that in certain countries they leave on one of the short
branches (coursons), one shoot without pruning it. This
shoot is called pique, ployon, or marcotte, according as it is

THE MAGAZINE OP HOBTICULTURB.

kept 6ti*ait, or bent, or is thrust into the ground to make
it take root. The vine yields sometimes as much on this
alone, as on all the rest of the short branches ; but it is
necessary in order to load a vine with these long branches
thai it should be vigorous, planted in good soil, and of at
least four years growth. The vine-dressers of the environs
of Paris multiply them too much, thus exhausting the plant

1. hooibremk's modk of trainirg the grapk.

and lowering the quality of the produce. The fruit of the
short branches always ripens before that of the long ones ;
there is also a marked difference in the latter between the
ripening of the clusters at the top and those at
the base of the branch. The celebrated French pomologist
therefore only accords exceptional praise to this mode of
pruning. But even from this point of view, the system may

JANUARY. 27

deserve to be known, although with us as a general rule it
can only be applied to vines cultivated under glass.

M. Hooibrenk*8 description of his system was translated
from the German and published by M. Ladrey in La Bour-
gogne for March 15, 1860, and is there accompanied by
figures.

Subsequently M. Guyot stated in the Journal (T Agriculture
pratique (April 6) that the system of M. Hooibrenk was only
a plagairism of the French system of vine culture, of which
a summary with engravings had been published in 1857 in
the same journal. M. Hooibrenk, it is said, has since aban-
doned the curvature of the branch above the old stem, as
well as the bilateral system, in order to employ the unilateral
system, and the simple lowering of the fruit branch. He
however still proposes, as in (fiq. 1,) some dispositions which
are held to be impracticable. The fruit-branches (a) are
from 6 to 6 feet in length ; from the base of each of these is
to be trained a young shoot (6) of from 7 to 10 feet long for
renewal. All experience in tree culture establishes the
axioms that an abundance of fruit prevents the production of
wood, and reciprocally that a superabundance of wood is
opposed to a large production of fruit. It is therefore argued
that if there are eight, six, or four branches of 7 feet long
laden with fruit, this will not permit of eight, six, or four
young shoots of similar length being produced on the same
stock at the same time — an opinion corroborated by the vines
seen at Eocquencourt, where they bore several of the long
branches. It is observed that M. Hooibrenk in his figures
everywhere shows the branches as being opposite instead of
alternate, a circumstance likely to embarrass those who allow
themselves to be guided by his figures.

M. Pynaert, to whose account we are indebted for the fore-
going extracts, suggests that the system might perhaps be
applied to vines treated as espaliers, particularly under glass,
witli good results. In forcing, especially where it is some-
times necessary to allow the trees to rest for a season, he
thinks one miglit, by the aid of these long branches, load the
vines at pleasure.

28 THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTURE.

On the same subject M. Riviere has recently stated at one
of the meetings of the SocieU Impiriale (THorticuUvrey that
Philippar, in his course of culture, published in 1840, gives
precise indications as to the inclination of the cordons of
vines and branches of fruit trees. One of the plates of this
work represents the trees with bent branches, after the method
practised by Cadet, of Vaux, and others in which they have
the inclination recommended by M. Eooibrenk. He also
finds in the translation, published in 1763 by Dupuy
d'Emportes, of the Vegetable Staticks of Hales, a figure
representing vines, with branches inclined according to the
same system.

The method of M. Hooibrenk has thus, it will be seen, both
its advocates and its depreciators. No doubt the present
season will produce further evidence of its results in France
and Germany. In tlie meantime our own cultivators may do
well to take notice of it, as some modification of it may after
all be found useful if we should ever come to grow grapes on
the orchard-house plan.

dtntral Itetitts.

Chinese Yam. — In the year. 1862 my plantation of yams consisted of
two rows, about 3 feet apart, occupying a space of 42 feet in length by
nearly 6 feet in breadth. The ground had been trenched to a depth of
about 2 feet 6 inches, and manured as for a crop of potatoes. Soon after
the middle of March the sets were planted 12 inches apart, and about 3
inches below the surface of the ground, on the top of ridges 1 foot high.
When the plants began to grow they were roughly staked with ends of oak
branches, that could not have been used for staking peas. The crop was
taken up about the end of November, and afler having been kept in a dry
place till the beginning of January, it was well cleaned, and its weight
ascertained to be 70 lbs , and a fraction, English weight I calculate the
produce to have been at the rate of 1 lb. for every 3^ square feet of grotind.
This year (1863,) I planted three rows in a space exactly 48 feet long by 8
wide. The culture was the same as last year, and the crop, well dried and
cleaned, weighed about 1 13 lbs. This gives a weight of 1 lb. to 3.4 square
feet— a result very similar to that of the preceding year. We, in our
household, value the Chinese Yam so highly for the table, where it is

JANUARY. 29

especially useful at the season when the best-keeping potatoes begin to
deteriorate in quality, that I intend to extend my culture of it considerably.
If I have not done so more rapidly in the course of the last two years it
was because, instead of subdividing my sets, so as to increase their nuro-
bers, I have generally planted them of full length, (from 9 to 12 inches
long — longer perhaps than is necessary,) with a view to obtain tubers of a
good size, and well suited for the table.— Y^arrf. Ckron.)

Hollyhocks. — At the last meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society,
Mr. Tillery, of Welbeck, invited attention to a property in the Hollyhock
which if known to the initiated, does not appear to be commonly known or
practised among cultivators generally. It is, that seedlings may be had to
bloom satisfactorily the^ame year in which they are sown. Mr. Tillery's
communication was accompanied by some remarkably fine grown flowers,
admirable subjects for garden decoration, in illustration of the treatment
which he recommends to those who have not conveniences for wintering
a supply of plants. These flowers were in fact sent to show that the seeds
of Holyhocks sown in February will yield vigorous flowering plants the
following September, — a great desideratum in filling up shrubbery with
masses of these gorgeous autumnal flowers, for which purpose of course
seedlings of a good strain, as the florists say, are exceedingly well adapted.
It was explained that in the case in question, the seeds were sown in a
peach-houee in the beginning of February. The seedlings were planted
singly in small pots and kept growing in heat till the beginning of April,
when they were planted out, some in well prepared garden soil, others in
masses in the shrubberies. All have flowered or are coming into flower.
It ij well known, Mr. Tillery observes, that severe or wet winters cause
the Holyhocks to rot, when not protected by frames, but by raising them
from seeds every year, a supply can be kept up with little trouble. It is
also well known that certain kinds of Holyhocks may be reproduced almost
tree to colof and properties when raised from seeds, and such are of course
veiy desirable parents to adopt when this method of treatment is carried
oat— {Crorrf. Chron.)

Saturday, Nov. 5, 1864. An adjourned meeting of the Society was
held to-day— the President in the chair.

Capt Austin announced that he had received the sum of 0100 from Wm.
Thomas, Esq., as a donation' to the Society. The thanks were voted fbr
Mt Thomas's liberal gift.

The thanks of the Society were voted to Wm. T. Andrews, Esq., fbr the
ofier of Andrews Hall for the opening exhibition in May last

The following members were elected at the last meeting in October, and

80 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTIGULTUBB.

the present: P. A. Ames, Boston; F.J.Lake, Grantville; Samuel Ather-
ton, Dorchester; G. W. Holmes, Boston; Henry N. Gardner, R. M. Gush-
ing, J. G. Gushing, Belmont ; Francis Skinner, Boston ; S. N. Graut, John
Sowle, Somerville ; Joseph H. Bell, Maiden ; George Dorr, Dorchester ;
Reuben W. Reed, Oliver M. Winship, Lexington; Edward Spaulding,
Jamaica Plain ; George Lincoln, Jr., Hingham ; Jonathan Preston, Boston >
William E. Bright, Waltham ; Wm. Everelt, Roxbury; Peter C. Brooks,
Boston. Adjourned one month to Dec. 3.

Dec. 3. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day — the
President in the chair.

A letter was received from G. J. Sprague, Esq., accompanied with an
herbarium collected by the late Dennis Murray, stating that Mr. Murray's
daughters wished the Society to accept of the same.

The thanks of the Society were voted to the Misses Murray for their
acceptable present, and F. Parkman, J. G. Hovey and Dr. Wight appointed
a committee to make such disposition of the herbarium as they deemed ex-
pedient

The President appointed the Treasurer, Jos. Stickney, and G. O. Whit-
more a Gommittee to settle with Mount Auburn Gemetery.

The President, from the Executive Gommittee, reported the following
appropriation for premiums for the ensuing year : —

Garden Gommittee, 300 00 .

Flower Gommittee, 1200 00

Fruit Gommittee, 1100 00

Vegetable Gommittee, .... 400 00

$3000 00

Josiah Stickney announced to the Society that Dr. W. J. Walker bad
presented the Society with 97 shares of the Gonnecticut and Passumpsic
Rivers Railroad. The thanks of the Society were unanimously voted to Dr.
Walker for his liberal donation, and the President was authorized to ac-
knowledge the same.

The following members were elected : — ^William Adams, Winchester ;
Gharles Stearns, Brookline ; George Russell. M. D., Boston; J. W. Hub-
bard, Boston ; Edward Lawrence, Gharlestown ; G. B. Loring, Salem ; Ho-
ratio N. Glover, Dorchester ; Abraham Jackson, Boston ; Gardner Prouty,
Littleton ; William Thomas, Boston ; B. P. Gheney, Boston ; John S. Far-
low, Newton ; William Parsons, Boston ; Gharles Barnard, 2d, West New-
ton; George Springall, Maiden; Gharles Scott, Boston; J. B. Fenno, Bos-
ton ; Henry Nichols, ^uth Boston ; Henry M. Wellington, West Roxbury.

Adjourned two weeks to Dec. 17.

Dec. 17. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day — the
President in the chair.

On motion of G. O. Whitmore, it was voted to make such alteiations in
the froT^fagade of the new Hall as would conform to the revised plan of the
architect, provided the cost did not exceed 02500.

Adjourned two weeks to Dec 31.

Dec. 31. — An aiyonmed meeting of the Society was held to-day — ^the
President in the chair*

JANUABY. 31

J. F. C. Hyde, from the Fruit Committee, made their annaal report,
which was accepted.

Capt. W. R. Aastin, from the Garden Committee, made their report,
which was accepted.

£. A. Storey presented the report of the Flower Committee, which was
accepted.

A. Pierce presented the report of the Vegetable Committee, which was
accepted. 1

Further time was given to prepare the report of the Library Committee.

The meeting then dissolved.

Parlicnllnral operations

POR JAIfUART.
FRUIT nKPARTMENT.

The month of December has been cold, cloudy, and stormy, with an
nnnsual quantity of snow, and one or two severe cold days, the temperature
falling to 5^ below zero. Such weather has been trying to early forced
bouses, and has required much care and labor to maintain an even tempera-
ture. With the present month the days will be getting longer, and the sun
higher, and though the weather may be colder, the increased sunlight will
more than make up for the severity of frost.

Grape Viubs, in the early houses, will now be swelling their fruit, and
as the season advances will grow rapidly, and by the last of the month the
berries will require thinning. If the laterals grow rapidly, keep them top-
ped in to one or two eyes beyond the fruit In warm, sunny days keep the
hoose well damped, but in cloudy weather be cautious of too much moist-
are. Renew the covering on the border, if the heat is exhausted. If the
vines in the grapery or greenhouse have not been pruned, attend to
them immediately, and clean and wash the vines at once.

Peach Trees, Fie Trees, and Grape Vihes, in pots, may be brought
into the grapery or greenhouse, and started into growth.

Orchard- Houses should have attention; ventilate fireely in warm,
lunny weather, but close up on the occurrence of severe frost

SraAWBERRiES intended for forcing, and kept in iranies, may now be
brought into the house, and placed on a warm shel^ near the glass.

Cucumbers, for early forcing, may now be planted in pots, in a hot-bed,
or in the bouse, where there is a bottom heat of 85^ or 90^.

FLOWER DRPARTmifT.

The last month has been unfavorable to the growth of plants on account
of the cloudy and stormy weather, and as soon as the weather is fine again,
the opportanity should be taken to air abundantly, that the plants may
acquire more vigor and strength. With the new year the duties of the

32 THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTURE.

gardener increase, and the coming month will be a busy one, where
many bedding plants are wanted for garden decoration. Clean and
rearrange all the plants in the houses. Wash the pots, top-dress where
needed, and preserve a neat and gay appearance. Prepare for potting the
< various plants which require to be started next month.

AzALRAS will now be coming into bloom, unless the plants have been
kept in a very cool house. Water more abundantly as the flowers expand.
Plants intended for blooming in May, should now be tied into shape, and
kept in the coolest part of the house, and rather dry, though they should
not suffer for water. Young stock, intended for good specimens another
year, may be removed to a wann house and started into growth at once.

Pblaroonicms will now require the most attention ; specimens should
be shifted into the blooming pots this month, and young plants re-potted.
Keep rather dry for a few days, and water sparingly for a week or two ;
give an abundance of air at all times, that the growth may be short and
stocky ; pinch oflT any strong shoots, and thin out small and weak ones ; tie
out and regulate the plants so as to form beautiful specimens.

Camellias will now be in full bloom, and should be carefully watered ;
syringe occasionally in pleasant weather.

Cinerarias, potted early, will now be coming into flower ; those intended
for late blooming, should now have a shifl into the flowering pots. Calceo-
larias require the same treatment Keep on a cool shelf, near the glass.

Gloxinias and Achimenbs may be re-potted, and placed in the
warmest part of the house, where they will soon begin to grow.

Japan Lilies well advanced, may have a shift into larger pots; remove
to a cool shelf in a light place.

Seeds of various kinds may be planted this month, viz., Stocks, Pansies,
Double Zinnia, Mignonette, &c., die. Sow in pans or boxes, and keep on
a shelf near the glass.

FucHiAS. Old plants should be pruned into good shape, re-potted, and
started into growth ; cuttings may also be put in for a new stock.

Cuttings of all kinds of bedding plants may be put in as soon as they
can be obtained.

Rhododendron and Azalea seeds may now be planted.

Caladiums should be shaken out of the old soil^ re-potted, and plaeed
in the warmest part of the house, where the temperature is not less than
65°. Water very sparingly until the young growth makes its appearance.

Neapolitan Violets in frames, shoald be well aired in all fine
weather, guarding against frost by covering with mats and shatters.

Cannas, intended for large showy specimens, in the open ground in
summer, may now be started by dividing and potting the roots.

Ertthrinas may be re-potted, and started into growth for early
blooming.

Marantas, of various kinds, may now be divided and potted, keeping
them warm, and rather dry, till they begin to grow.

HfeATBs should be kept as cool as possible, witliout frost

OR TUK

ORCHARD-HOUSE.

CORDON TRAINING OF FRUIT TREES

rot TUB

. ORCHARD-HOUSE AND OPEN AHL

By T. COLLINGS BREHAUT.

WITH ▲

SUPPLEMENT

COIfTAlNine

MiWAByfl OF COEDON TEAHflHO OF THE PEAB; TEE CULTIYATIOV

AHD PEXTNIirO OF PEACH TBEES DT POTS; TEE BEST

VABIETIES OF FBTJITS FOE POT CULTUBE;

AND

flmrEEAL EEMAEKS OS OECHABP-HOUSES ADAPTED TO TEE CLIMATE
OF THE UnrCED STATES.

BY C. M. HOVEY,

raKsmitxT ur the Massachusetts hobtioultubal socibtt;
sorrou or UAeAZiMK of horticulture, and author or fruits of ambbica.

1 vol. I octavo. Price, $1.25.

TUd rolmiie contains, in addition to the large experience of Mr. Brehaut, all the infor-
Mioii w e dfal for the cultivator to successfully cultivate the peach tree in pots, bj the
', witb selections of the best fruits adapted to the Orchard-House and Pot Culture.

TiiUiahed by Hovey & Co., 53 North Market St., Boston.

THE

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE,

FOR 1865.

Horticultural Science, Landscape Gardening,
and Rural Art.

A NEW VOLUME

COMMENCES ON THE FIRST OF JANUARY, 18^6.

THB FIRST VOI^YJMB OP TBB FIFTH SBRIBS,

EDITED BY C. M. HOVEY,

AUTHOR OF THE FRUITS OF. AMERICA.

COMPLETE 8KT8 IN THIRTY VOLUMES, HANDSOMELY BOUND, TWO DOLLAB8 BACH.

The First Volume of the Fifth Series (Vol. XXXI.J commences on the first of
January. It has now been so long before the public, and is ro popular throughout the
country, that it would appear superfluous to urge its claims upon the attention of cultiva-
tors, amateurs, or gentlemen interested in Horticultural pursuits. It has been highly
influential in difiusing a taste for Gardening and Rural Art everywhere, and is an almost
indispensable aid to the Pomologist, the lover of Flowers, the Country Gentleman, and
all who feel the least interested in the cultivation of trees and plants, in the adornment of
their jTardens and grounds, or in the spread of a taste for Rural improvement To enlarge
its influence, corresponding with this advance of taste, and the increasing number of cul-
tivators throughout the country, is the object and ambition of the editor.

It will embrace, among other kindred subjects, the following : —

The Kitchen Garden,

Reviews of Horticultural Works,

Suburban Visits,

Foreign Notices,

Monthly Gossip,

Replies to Questions,

Reports of Horticultural Societies.

The Progress of Horticulture,
The Science of Cultivation,
Descriptions of all New Fruits,
Descriptions of all New Flowers,
Descriptions of all New Trees and Scrubs,
Pomological Gossip, -
Landscape Gardening,

And to facilitate the labors of cultivators, a

Montlily Calendar of Horticaltural Operations

will be given in detail, and adapted to the wants of amateur cultivators, reminding them
of the routine of operations which are necessary to be performed in the Fruit Garden,
Flower Garden, Ornamental Grounds, Greenhouses, Grapery, and Kitchen Garden, through
the varying seasons of the year, f n fine, giving all the information which the amateur
or the country gentleman requires to manage successfully the smallest or largest garden.

In the thirty volumes now completed, more than JVIne Hundred Dramngs of the
Newest and Finest Fruits have appeared, many of them in no other work, and upwards
of Eighteen Hundred other Engravings, illustrating the great variety of subjects treated
upon. No pains will be spared to render the Magazine what it has heretofore been —
the mo-it valuable Horticultural periodical extant

Terms. Two Dollars a year, invariably in advance. Four copies to one address Six
Dollars*

HOVEY & CO.,
58 North MaEket Street, Boston,

J^^ , >^.

Fifth Serioa, Vol L

THS

MAGAZINE

HORTICULTURE,

BOTANY,

A3tP Ai-L rSEFUI. UlSCOVEBIKS AND IHfROVBMBHTa

IS ItUEAX AFFAIRS.

*■ Je « wlj*i« ^chiUlTer ton t r wulreri d« mon foat pour I«« Jknlliu . n qu t«Ea1>b qii*U «t
Impci^TjIe qu^uii m^ch«it pulwe rAvoir. \\ n^eit point dt twhiB qua jo na ti]piKi«« 4 erltiJ Qid
«faDe 4 jvMler et ^ fia« dot janJini. P«r&i d« fiitullk, lnapirei i» jinHnOdiMiiu i Toa Bnflitu."

PWHOt PI LlffFL

No. CCCLXm.
MARCH, 1865.

EDITED BY C. M, HOTEY,

AtTTllOn OF TlfK FKUIts OF AMERICA.
vojfQM^AT imuEA OF Ttii aonTicTTtTCJui- locoTiu Of onronniATi, irxw niTEw, irw

BOSTON:

PUBLISHED BY HOVEY h CO.
© NOMtIi MARKET STREET, OPPOSITE PANBDIL HALL,
TWO DOLL A AS A TEAR,

VOU XXXL

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

FIFTH SERIES, YOL. I-OR. VOL. XXXL

Established in 1835.

TERMS:

Om OopTf DIVE TEAR, invariablj In advance^ - - Two Doll a as.

Four Copies, " *' ** ** . . Sevew DoLLAfti,

Vox,uiiE FOE 1863, Hftndsoraely Bound in Cloth,

Two DoLLAh^, FlFTl ClMTS.

VoLUMM for I860* '61, '63, '63, '64, bound, and

Subicription for 1865, _----.-- FouHTrEpr Doli.a&s.
CoiiPLET£ Set3^ in 30 volutnee, bounds _ - - Fifty Dollars.
Magaziftk and iloRTicuLTuaiST, one year,

Tbhee DoLLAttSf Seventy FiTE CiWTa,
" " GARDEffRRa' MopfTHLY, uno year,

Three Dollars, Seve^tt-Ftve CecvTft.
** " the Two Magazines, Five Dollars, Fifty CKCfTS*

SinoLE CoFfE9« «---- Twenty CmfTs.

A fiill set of the Klagazine forma R complete Encyclopedia of Hofti-
ctiltare, embracing every aubjecl connected with the Garden, tnd ia m
Libmry in itaelf. A^dreaa,

HO VET & CO., Publiehersj
53 North Market St.j Bostom.

CONTENTS-

K Grape Culture in Maeaachusetta. By the Editor, * - - 6S

2. Scale InsectB on Pear Trees- By J. S* Houghlon^ PhilRd. - 71

a The Gardena of Rome. By H. H. Hunnewell, Esq., - - 7S

4. DeBcriptions of Select Varieties of Pears, By the Editor, - 77

5* Culture of MaraBtas. From the Illustration HorttculturOf * 81

6* Floricultural Notices, - 81

7. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, - , - , - gg

6* Massachusetts Horticollural Society, - _ , - , 87

9. Death of Dr, Easekiel Holmes, - 94

10. Hoiticultnml OpefRtions for H archi « - . > . ^

Cash Advertising Terms for 1865.

One page, each insertion, $20 DO. Half page, each inserlion, $10 00*
Less than half page, 25 cents per line, each insertion.
3d and 4th Cover pages, $30 per page.
Each page contains 85 lines of space. No discount allowed from theac-
iRtea.

Advertisements, to insure insertion, should be sent to the publishers bj
the 29d of the month preceding that in whkh they are to appear. Ad-
vertisers will please specify Ae amount of room they wish their adver*
tiiementa to occupy, and the number of times to be inserted.

Address BOYEY ^ CO.,

53 NoRTB Market Strbet, Bostoh.

rThe Postage on the Magazine if 11 ots. if paid \m advance, qoar-
, , 13 cts. a year.

H. W. DvTCMr k Sow, PBtanas,
tl ami n WMhlRgtoB Btntt, BMtoa.

4i9mii9in§rShe$t o/ th0 Mag. ^ HorHmtiHrB:

A VALUABLE

HORTICULTURAL LIBRARY.

THE

lACIAZIIifi OF HORTICIILTDKE,

EDITED BY C. M. HOVEY,
ntniiDXNT or thb massaohusbtts HOBnocLxintAL soontr.

IN THIRTY VOLUMES.
1835 to 1865.

COHTAIHIKO J7QUBS8 AKD DBBCRIPTIONS OF TBS FOLLOWIVQ FBUTTB:

800 varieties of Peari, inckidiog all the new kinds.
100 " " Apples.
60 " " Plums.
20 •* ** Cherries.
10 " •* Grapes.
6 ** ** Strawberries.
100 Engrarings of Ornamental Trees.
lOO ** "' Flowers and Plants ; and apwafds o(

1000 other EngravingS) including Plans of Gardens^ Graperies- aad
Greenhouses) various modes of GraAing^ Budding and Propagating,^^.

The sereral Volumes contain numerous valuable articles by

(Sen. H. A. 8. DtisBoiif, Capt. Lovett, A. J. Downing,

Sam*l Downed, H. Manning, Sam'l WiLtaB, Dr. T. W.
Ruiftis, Dr. W. D. Bstncklb, A. H. Ernst, Dr. J. A.
Eennicott, Wm. Rsid, Judge Bubl, Hon. M. P. Wildeb,

HoDi J. S. Cabot, Rev. H^ W. Bbbcbbb, Prof. J. L. Rvssbll,

Wilson Flagg, Chas. Downing, P. B. Mbab, Tbos. Mbbban,

Ellwangbb 6c Babbt, Prof. J. P. Eibtland, H. B. HinmBWBLL,

nd many other emmeiit practical and professional cultivators.

The 80 volumes contain a mass of valuable information on everv subject con-
aeeted with i^enipg, and especially on the higher branches of horticultaral
aii— upon dtf eultors of the grape under glass — the peach tree in pot»— die
; and training of the paar, the apple, and the peach — the growth of the
^euilofe of tW aicambef uadar g lass t he treatment of the Ca-

2 Advertising Sheei of the Mag. of Horticulhire.

mellia, Bose, Pelargonium, Oaroation, Azalea, Hyacinth, Chrysanthemom,
Dahlia, Heath, Chinese Primrose, Gladiolus, Gloxinia, Japan Lily, Phlox, Ver-
bena, Ranunculus, Cyclamen, Cineraria, Oxalis, and all other flowers — deserip*
tions of modes of hudding, grafting, layering, propagating, pruning and traioing
p1ant8^*the construction of greenhouses, conservatories and graperies — deserip-
tions and mode of culture of all our hardy ornamental trees and shrubs, particu-
larly the Rhododendron, Azalea, Kalmia, and Magnolia — general directions for
laying out grounds of larger or smaller extent, with many plans — Essays on
Landscape Gardening and Rural art, with hints upon the improvement of grounds
—extracts and gleanings from all the principal gardening periodicals in Eluiope
•—full and complete descriptions of all the principal plants introduced to Europe
since 1835, more than 3000 in number — descriptions and engraving? of more
than 300 pears, with notices of many hundred more^iescriptions and engrav-
ings of 100 varieties of apples, and notices of every variety introduced ; also of
carries, plums, apples, peaches, strawberries, grapes, currants, blackberries,
imqpberries, &c. — ^Reports of various Horticultural Societies — of every session of
the American Pomological Society — the weekly, monthly and annual proceed^
ings of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, often with reports of the commit-
tees — and a calendar of operations for every month in the year, for thirty con-
secutive years ; in all, nearly 20,000 pages of horticultural intelligence, and
9000 engravings illustrative of the various subjects. The literature of gardening
does not contain a similar instance of continued exertion to record its progress.
Loudon^s Magazine reached its 19th volume* and the Grardeners* Chronicle, the
prominent publication of Great Britain, at this day, is only in its 24th year. In
our own country no kindred publication, but the Albany Cultivator, has such an
early date as our Magazine.

The 30 volumes are now offered for sale in complete sets, or parts of sets,
(each complete), and in odd volumes, at the following prices :

30 vols.,' 1835 to 1865, handsomely bound, - - - (50 00

15 vols., 1850 to 1865, " « - - - , 30 00

5 vols., 1850 to 1855, « "... 12 00

5 vols., 1855 to 1860, " «... 12 00

5 vols., 1860 to 1865, «« «« . . . 12 QQ

Vols. 1 to 15, complete the 1st series.
Vols. 16 to 20, « 2d series, (vols. 1 to 6).

Vols. 21 to 25, » 3d series, (vols. 1 to 5).

Vols. 26 to 30, " 4th series, (vols. 1 to 5.)

The year 1865 commences the 5th series.

30 vols, unbound, 1885 to 1B65, $30 00

15 vols. '' 1850 to 1865, 18 00

10 vols. " 1855 to 1865, 12 00

Odd vols. ^* $1 each. The latter mailed free on receipt of $1.

B^Every volume contains one or more articles worth more than the price.
Address

HOVEY & CO^

PUWUISBKKS,

58 North Market Street, BostoiL

Ad9€timng Sheet of the Mag. of HartieuUure. 3

NEW STRAWBERRIES.

We invite tttention to the followijifir NEW BELGIAN STRAWBERRIES, m-
mni the past eeaeon, fuid now offerea for the fint time in this coantry. The pre-
mmaUt •ueeese of the Belgian varietiefl ** Tiiomph de Gand" and ** La uonstante'' on
tfak «de of the Atlantic, lead oa to expect that tlie annexed will prove of equal value
hue. We annex the deecriptions received with them.

BUOU (de Jonghe.) Fruit large, regular, bright glossy red ; flesh solid, white, sweet,
Ingfalv perfumed } plants hardy and of dwarf, compact habit $1.50 for 6 plants, ffLSO
pv docen.

HAQUIN (Haqoin.) Froit of large size, conical, flattened, bright red; flesh solid,
viote, juicy, sweet, witha veiy pleasant aroma; planti hardy and prolific (L50 for 6
pints, |3i0 per dozen.

BERO (de Jooghe.) Fruit large, of regular globular shape, bright red ; flesh carmine
i«d, juicy, saccharine, and of exquisite flavor; plants veiy hardy and prolific; ripens
mttf. f 1.50 for 6 planto, 92JK) per dozen.

LORENZ BOOTH (de Jonghe.) Fruit lam, oval, bright (^oasy red ; flesh cherry
red, solid, juicy, sweet, with a orisk aroma ; pUnts of very robust habit and e i tiem e l y
fnlifie ; ripens early. $1 JK) for 6 plants, #3.50 per dozen.

LUCIDA PERFECTA (Glcsde.) A cross between the California species and British
Oaten, retaining the robust habit and beautiful foliaj^ of the latter. Fruit large, hand-
fone, globular, bright salmon ; flesh white, solid, vinous, sweet, highly perfumed ; very
prolific rinening late. (1.50 for 6 plants, $2^ per dozen.

PRCKjRES (de Jonghe.) Fruit large, round, dark red ; flesh white, solid, saccharine,
with a rich aroma ; plants vigorous, haniy, prolific $1.50 for 6 plants, iSJK) per ^k»eii.

SAYOUREUSE (de Jonghe.} Fruit large, elongated, bright cherfy rod; flesh solid,
^ red, of very rich flavor ; plants robust and very pr^ific. $1.50 for GplaotB, $SL50
par dozen.

SOUVENIR DE KIEFF (de Jonghe.) Fruit extromely large, conical, flattened,
beaotifbl bright glossv purple ; flesh very solid, pale red, juicy, sweet, hishlv perfumed ;
piants veiy hardy and prolific, continuing in bearing a k)ng time. $lS) for 6 plants, ^
fMper dozen.

VIRGINIE (de Jonghe.) Fruit large, rogularly round or conical, bright f loMf red ;
fleah red throughout and of exquisite flavor; plants vigorous, hardy, proli&. $1.50 fbr 6
plants, $2.50 per dozen.

ALSO,
ROYAL HAUTBOIS (Rivera.) Fruit large ; oval, flavor extremely rich ; plants
bardhr and productive ; a seedling of** Belle Bordelaise," but later than iU parent $1.50
ibr 6 ^ants, $2.50 per dozen.

We win furnish selections of above as follows, viz. :

6 each of 5 varieties, (parohaser's selection,) .... $7.00

6 ** 10 varieties— entire set, ...... 12.00

12 ^ 5 varieties, (purchaser's selection,) .... 11.00

12 « 10 varieties— entire set, 20.00

Oidsn for less than one-half dozen of any one kind will not be filled.

We also offer a fine stock of

RUSSELL'S PROLIFIC, FRENCH,

LA CONSTANTE, BUFFALO SEEDLING,

And other desirable new varieties.
Besciiptive Circnlan mailed to applicants.

EDWARD I. EVANS «c CO.,

.llfMh. YORK, PENN

i Advatidng Sheet tf the Mag. iff H^rtimHure.

B. K. BLISS'S

SEED CATALOGUE AND GUIDE TO THE

FLOWER AND EITdEN eAUDEI.

The EhMnfh BdUion^ enlarged and improved, jast publiahed, containing oivs m7Ja>ftx»
PAex* doeely printed matter, with many

BEAUTIFUL ILLUSTRATIONS,

and a Deecnptiye list of upwards of Two Thousaitd Tarikties of FtoWKft akd
VsABTAnLp OEsns, inclading many cHARmrfo noteltixs, now oflfered for the first time
in this country, with explicit directions ibr their cultm«. Also, a list of npw^^s of

One Himdred Tarieties of French Hybrid filadiolns,

aad other BTUnmer Flowering Bulbs. To which is added a fist of the ohoieast
▼arietioB of Grapes, Strawberries, Baspberries, and other Small Vmits,
Bedding Plants, &o^ ^^., cultivated at his gardens, with much other useful inlbr*
Jsatiob upo« the sobjeot of Gardening generally, which will be found useftU to the
esperienced amateur as weU as those alM>ut to commence the delightful occupetieo ef
saideDing. Im consequence of the very great advance io the cost of paper, prntiBg,
M^ we cannot a£S)rd it gratuitoosly, (as we have heretofore done) ezcepdng to oor
legokf customers.
A eepy will be mailed, poet paid, to all applicants enclosing twenty-five cents.

Address

B. K. BLISS,

Marak. SPRINGFISU),

ADIRONDAO GRAPE VINES.

sPRiisra TiiA.r)E-i865.

DOX.

BOBD.

$100 00

$18 00

140 00

30 00

210 00

36 00

280 00

48 00

350 00

JtACH.

1 year, No. 3, layers from small wood,

1 ^ No. 3, strong pot vines and layers, $2 00

1 *• No. 1, very strong— layers, 3 00

2 ** No. 2, strong vines, 4 00
i ** No. 1, very strong vines, 5 00

ALSO—

lona, Israella, Allen's Hybrid, Crevelling, Concord, Delaware, Diana, Hartford Prolific,
N. Muscadine, Rebecca, ftogers' Hybrid, and TcAalon. Priced circulara will be sent oe
application.

vines will be forwarded securely packed in boxes (without charge for boxes]^ or small
packages by mail, prepaid, when so ordered. Boxes sent by express.

The discovery and mtroduction of the Adirondao grape is as event of the highest im-
portance to fruit growers, and the greatest advance yet attained in native grapes. Its
peculiarities are, extreme earliness, large berries and clusters, tender and thin skm, mAU
mg without anv perceptible pulp, and of the most delieiousand delicate fiavor, reminding
one of that splendid hothouse grape, the Black Haaabuif .

Addrvs^ •

JOHN W. BAILEY,

iiareh. Plattsbubgh, Clinton Co^^ N^ Y*

Mum lM ng Shari ef tk« Mag. of HoriieuUui-e. S

The Oreat Buffalo Strawberry,
SMITH'S BUFFALO SEEDLING.

OHipimateA 1m IMt, In B«flUo, V. T.

ABNER H. BRYANT, Soli Owner axid Proprietor.

Tidi fltit w beiij r k deetined to tRke the lead of all other varietiea yet broaght to poblic
MCieei It oombioea in itself and diatioctly and perfectly develops eveiy essential qnal-
i^ tint can be (band in all the best yarieties ; in fact, it is not dencient in anything es-
MDtiaL to a sopenor and universally popular strawberry.

The plant is vigorous, busby, and strongly rooted, with broad, dark green, glossy foliage ;
Mt stalks very lar^ standing high ; unusually luirdy, perfecting its fruit even in extreme
draught, and enduring the winter without protection. It is htrw^pkroSU^ and is more
productive than the ^ Wilson," or any other variety known : berries of the largest size,
lad onifbrrol^ so : color, dark crimson : flesh, red : solid core, Very juicy, sub-acid, with a
sweet, superior, aromatie flavor, and abundantly firm for transportation : ripens with the
WSmb — ftvitB loQger, and retains its firmness and freshness long after becoming fully ripe.

(IMnel froai •• Ifoonl Ruml K«w Tork«r/' of July 16, 1864. Mr. Bragdm bavlDg pi«TknM|7 lUttA
By gnmndf in BnflSUo.j
*Tbe fkat li erldenttj a •troitt from, hardy, aad haa fitaUfy anoogfa to poiftei aU ite fruit. Tha fttdt li
■■•acldthantbaTrioikiplw.andI«Miothaiitha BnneU. It Is both firm and Mild. It Is a flnner fruit tfaaa
*• RmmI. It li raaanaMy solid. Wa cut open a hundred barriea, and ikUed to find one that was not peziKt
ktUsMfeei; aad thte is imporluit to eoasumexs." It Is a very attrMsttre berry, fltr more so than tha WDson,
■adsotinteior totheTilompbe. In beauty and rsfularity of tonn and brlUhmcy of oolor, it excels the Russell
•tve have seen the latter."

(Ikteaet from atestimenial of Be^j. Hodge, Inq.. an old NuiMrymao, and one of Mm laxgest fruit gvsven

laihe8tate]
"Hi eouiUnatlon of superior qualities rendan the BuflUo Seedling, In my opinion, the best strawberry that has
nt bea hitiodaoed to the Amerlean publio.*' BENJ. B0661.
[Vrook Dewis f . Allen, Smi., Blaek Boek, M. T.]
' not hesitate t

** Aflw uiaMng tbotougfa trial of the beat of our popular ▼aiieties, I do not hesitate to pronouaoe tht teflio
Bntfag tha heat I hare knawn. Iknowofnostiawbany whIohinaUlts oomUnatlons of ezoellenceisegnallo
tt^'* LBWI8 F. Alias,

As ptents purporting to be ** Buffido Seedling^ have been advertised at a reduced price
bj poties to whom I have never sold any, ana as others, from ignorance or interested
Botnes, we endeavorinff to make it appear that the Buflyo is identical with die RusselL
(vtich is absurd, there being no similarity in the character or appearance of the fruit,) I
idrise aU who want the gentmie miicff to send to me for H. Lithographs of fruit and
dstcriptive circulars' containing testimonials, sent on application. I have a fine stock of
Pkots for Spring sales, and wfll fill orders for any quantity.

One hun^^ Plants, or less, sent by msil prbe on receipt of price. Twenty plants,
f8; fifiy plants, #6 ; one hundred plants, f 10. Terms, cash.

Agents and Agricultural Houses, that purchase to sell again, will be allowed a liberal
&C0I1IIL

ABNBR H. BETANT,
Vmii. P. O. Box 2769. BuflUo. IT. T.

WHITE JAPAN LILIES.

3500 liliam lancifolium album for sale, extra large size bulbs, at $35 per hundred;
French Gladiolus, extra size ; Cyclamen rosea, |20 per hundred ; Standard Roses, veiy
Isige, heads or stems 4 to 5 ft high }--a]so, Koses on roots, Hybrid Perpetual and otbeift.

^•»cl>. R FERRAND, Detroit, Mich.

Situation Wanted as Gardener.

A onrried man without fiinily, who is fully acquainted with eveiy department of Gar-
WBf , would like a situation. He has been in his present situation for the past six yrs.
Hem give titf beet of refhtesce. Apply tb HOVEY dL CO.,

Maidk 53 N. Maekxt St., Bostwm.

Advertising Shea of the Mag. of HortiewUure.

THE GBEAT AQBIGULTUKIST.

Another yeu^ trial of this remaikable va-
riety has not onl^ proved it to be the lar^peet
beny in coltifition, but the motX productive.
The bearing qualities are most astoniahiof .
A committee of well-known cultivators visited
m^ garden to examine a plot of 100 plants of
this variety. The berries on three condguons
plants were counted by P. B. Mead, romer
editor of the Horticulturist, which showed tlie
following results:— first pUnt, 948; second,
234 ; third, S94 perfect berries. This plot
were all young plants, less than 10 months old.
The fruit is perfectly solid, and sufficiently
sweet without the aiddition of sugar. Tlie
accompanying engraving is an exact sketeh
of the oerry, taken from actual measaremeiit
with calipers. Three of these berries were
shown at the great exhibition in New York,
that weighed four ounces.
Delivered in rotation, as ordered, at the fol-
lowing rates :— 2 planti, $1.20 ; 6 plants, $a00; 12 plants, $5.00; 100 plants, $25.00;
1000 plants, $200.00.

The following four are the prise berries of France and Belgpum, 1863: — Bijou, raised
by de Jonghe ; Lucida Perfecta, raised by GloBde ; Haquin, raised by Haquin ; Souvenir
de Keefi^ raised by de Jonghe. Plants $2.00 per doz. ; or the four, one doz. each, $6.00.
The following ei^t are French and Belgian varieties, selected in 1862: — Exposition
de Chalons, Lucas,. Trogmore, Late Pine, La Delicious, Madame Coloffu, Orb, La Ne-
gress, Quenquefolia. These varieties are remarkable for size, quality ana productiveness.

Address

WM. S. CARPENTER,
, March. 829 Greenwich St., New Youl.

PEA R TR EES^

EXTRA SIZED STANDARD PEAR TREES,
Medium Sized do. do.

EXTRA SIZED DWARF PEAR TREES,
Medium Sized do. do.

'Second Sized do. do. Cheap.

A large and superior lot of the above are offered at lov rates, fob
CASH, by the snbscribers.

H. E. HOOKER & 00.,

Commeroial Nurseries, Boohester, N. Y.

F^eb* 1665w 8t

Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of HertiaUiure. 7

NEW STRAWBERRY.

THE AGRICULTURIST.

HOVEY & CO.

Are now prepared to r^eehre orden for this new TarietXy which is stated to be one of
dto Isrgest of stnwbeiries. The pUnts will be ready for delivery in March, and will be
vdl established in pots, at 75 cents each, or $8 per dozen. Plants from the open ground,
iaApri],asfirf)ows:— 9 plants, 91.20; 6 plants, 03; 12 plants, $5.

CRANBERRY PLANTS,

OF TBM BBLL, OHBBBY, AlTD BUQUB VABISTIX8.

ibr circolar, giving mode of coltare, price, Slc

ALSO,

Mannlhctnrer of Grafting Wax, and Tree Varnish Ibr Oata and
Braiaea on Treea,
A lofe prbtectioo fVom weather ; and for sale at the Seed Stores in Boston, and through
the United States.

P. TROWBRIDGE,
Feb. 2t MiLFORB, Conk.

The True Cape Cod Cranberry,

For Sprint planting, (April, May and Jane), for Upland or Garden coltoie,. and for
Svtmpe. Uoder niy method of coltivation, the yield last season on upland was over 400
hubgilB po acre. Explicit directions ibr cultivation, with prices of plants, and Nursery
Ortalogue of Seeds, Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Evergreens, dLc, complete,'
win be sent to any address.

B. M. WATSON,

Feb. 3t Old Colony Nursbribs, Pltmouth, Mass.

Carriage paid to Boaton or New York.

500,000

Large and fine ornamental TREES, EVERGREENS, SHRUBS, HEDGE PLANTS,
Ac, including the finest kinds of Ash, Beech, Elm, Larch, Lindens, Fringe Trees, Mag-
BoGss, M^es, Oaks, Pines, Firs, Spruces, SUver fHrs, Arbor VHe, Mahonias, dtc d^s.
These can be fbmished in all sises from 2 to 3 feet, to 12 to 15 feet in height
Also^ Finit Trees, die of all kinds. Priced Descriptive Catalogues will be sent to any

B. M. WATSON,
Feb. 3t Old Colont Nubsbbibs, Plymouth, Mabs.

BY MA.IL.

FREra GARDS9 SEEDS of all kinds, in large or small quantities ; the new Grapes,
CoiiwBla, S tra wberries, dtc ; also, Cuttings, Scions, ac, prepaid hy nmrL
Ptked Descriptive Catalogues will be sent to any address.

B. M. WATSON,
Feb. at Old Colony Nubsbbibs, Plymouth, 1£«"

8' Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of HertkuUure;

RABE ASD BEAUTmH FLOWEBS!

AND

NOVELTIES EOR 1865

HO^V^EJ^K" Ac OO.

INTire THK ATTBHTION Or CULTITATORS TO THEIR inmiTAU.BI> COU-

LKCTION or

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SEEDS,

Including all the novelties worthy of attention, and comprising tbe

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BAL8AM8, STOCKS, DOUBLE AND SINGLE

PORTULACAS, LANTANA8, LARKSPURS,

PETUNIAS, VERBENAS, TROP^OLUM,

DIANTHUS, ZINNIAS, &c..

AND ALL THE BEAUTITDL

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AURICULA SWEET WILLIAM,

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EXTRA PRIZE ASTER SEED.

We oBer our nnetuianed collecdons of French Asten in all the varietf of Pivone,
Imhricated, Pompon, ryramidal, Sic^ of our own growth, the Atter htvinf^ been made a
,apectality of cultivation for more than twenty-five years, during which penod our flowen
have been exhibited before the MaBsachnsettB Horticultural Society, and have been award-
ed the following prizea:
PiR9T Priib, in 1841, '42, '43, '44, '46, '48, '49, '51, '53, '56, '57, '60, '61, "eS, aad '88.
BmcwD Parzn, in 1846, '56» and '59.

16 Beautiibl Varieties in sealed packets, - - ft 90

19 " ii *i ii u . . 1 as

ga U U M^ M -.100

Desoriptive Catelogae of Seeds for ]863-€4, with Bopplement for 186S, ftrwmrded to
all applicants; Also, Descriptive Catatognes of Frmit Trees, OmaaeHtal IVees and
ShroM, Greenhouse Plants, issued separately, and fonvmrded with the Seed Chta lefm ,
mpon the receipt of a 3 cent Jtemp* Address,

HOVEY ft CO., Boston.

GRAPE CULTURE IN MASSACHUSETTS,

Grap£ ciilture is everywhere attracting much attention.
What was at one period confined mostly to the Middle and
Western States, — from tl\e unsuitableness of our climate to
the varieties tlien cultivated, — has now become a widespread
interest throughout the whole of New England, and our own
State in particular. With the introduction of new sorts
adapted to our locality, ripening without any difficulty in all
ordinary seasons, the grape has become one of our most im-
portant fruits, and appears destined to rank next to the pear,
if not next to the apple, among the most profitable products
of the garden and the orchard.

Formerly the grape was a pet thing, planted in warm, cozy
comers, and trained up the sunny side of the house, against
some out-building, or upon a high fence or screen, to coax it
into maturity and render it a palatable fruit. Few had the
favorite spots to plant them, and fewer still the time to train
them up and lay them down, and often lose a whole crop by
mildew or rot. Hence, their cultivation was limited, their
quality indifferent (in our climate), and the foreign grape
extensively grown in cold houses to supply the place which
our native vines ought to fill. This, after a. time, awakened
the energies of our industrious cultivators, and they sought
to remedy this great need, — the solving of which was easy
enough, viz., new varieties adapted to our climate. Witli
faith in the belief that the Creator had not planted the vine
by every hedge-row and road-side throughout New England, —
wreathing every tree within its reach with its leafy branches
and purple or rosy berries for no other purpose than to ripen
and drop its (Vuit, — the attempt was made to tame its wilduess,
and bring out from its hard, pulpy and austere juice the lus-
cious qualities of the foreign grape. Scarcely a dozen years
have passed away, and if this has not been realized in the
Adirondac, Allen's Hybrid, lona, and other sorts, another
equal period of equal success will most assuredly bring about
4ai milleniom of the grape grower.

TOL. zxzi. — ^NO. m. 6

66 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTUBB.

For thirty years we have counselled our cultivators to this
result. Oue of the first articles in our first Tolume gave an
account of a new seedling grape. Dr. Camak^ of Georgia,
a year or two later, advised the production of seedlings, and
our subsequent volumes were the first to record and describe
some of our now pi*ominent varieties. Year by year we have
chronicled all that has been accompUshed, and though made
familiar with this annual progress, the present condition of
grape culture is astonishing when compared with the past.

Tills brings us to a summary of the progress of grap^ cul-
ture in Massachusetts the past year, which we find in the
annual report for 1864, of the Committee on Fruits, of the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, made by their excellent
l(ybairman, Mr. J. F. C. Hyde. As it comes from one who
has had a good opportunity to examine various specimens,
the ioXormation will be all the more acceptable, and it will
convey the combined views of gentlemen who are fully
capable .of forming a reliable opinion on what has come before
them*

^^ W<e BOW come to a subject which is of great interest to
the public, that /o£ Grapes. No fruit is attracting more atteu-
tion than this, ai the present time, throughout the country.
New varieties are being introduced every year, as the residt
of the gr^at efforte thaX are being made to improve this fruit.
The past season has been a favorable one for grapes, except iu
very dry soils. Little or ao mildew was seen. The season
was long, 80 that even iha Isabella and other late varieties
ripened off finely. If we eould be sure of one season in
three equal to the past, grapes would be a profitable crop. It
is true the fruit was not so large as in some seasons, but it all
ripened. The show at the Annual Exhibition was especially
fine in this department. W. C. Sti*ong presented many varie-
ties twenty -five or more, makiug a very interesting and in-
structive exhibition. Prominent among these was the Allen's
Hybrid, to which he has paid great attention ; also, Delaware,
Concord, and others. The several numbers of Roger's Hy-
l>rids in his collection were not generally ripe at this time.
JE. A. Brackett shoved some very fine spedmena of the Grev-

MARCH. 67

elling, lona, Delaware, and others. The first named was the
finest we have seen, and seems to justify all that has been said
of it. J. W. Bailey sent som? specimens ^f the new grape
Adirondac, which were fiiUy ripe, and seemed to have been
so for some days ; thus showing that they ripened this year
by the middle of September. This new grape is one of de-
cidedly high flavor, of fine appearance, being black, and of
good size, both in berry and bunch. If it shall prove to be,
as it is claimed, as early or earlier than the Hartford Prolific,
— the earliest grape of respectable character that we now
have, — with its superior quality, it will take a high place in
the vineyards of those who grow grapes for market, as well as
for home use. In wood and foliage it very closely resembles
the Isabella. The lona, shown by Mr. Brackett, is one of Dr.
Grant's new seedlings, and has been in the market but one or
two years. It is the color of the Delaware, oval shape,
slightly mottled and striped, rather loose bunch, berries
medium size, excellent qiiality, superior to the Catawba.
Though its color may not be in its favor, yet there can be no
doubt of its being a valuable grape for a portion of the coun-
try, if not for Massachusetts. It has been raised in perfection
by Mr. Brackett, at Winchester, for the two past years.
Those who like a good grape will at least try this new candi-
date for public favor. Dr. Grant, by his agent, also exhibited
the lona and the Israella. The latter was a black grape, of
medium size, both in berry and bunch, but as the specimens
were removed contrary to the rules, before the close of the
Exhibition, your Committee had no opportunity to test them.
Of Allen's Hybrid we can speak more confidently than we
have been able to heretofore. It ripened fully in open situa-
tions, and was sweet and good. This variety is a great favor-
ite with those who have tested it, especially with those who
admire a very sweet grape. It is of the best quality, high
flavored, and scarcely second to any grown in-doors or ^out.
If there is any question concerning this grape that remains
unsolved, it is its hardiness, or abihty to endure the winters
unprotected. We propose to leave a vine fully exposed this
winter for the purpose of testing it in this respect.

68 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

Several of Rogers's Hybrids have been seen on our tables,
such as Nos. 1,*4, 15, 19, 48, and others, but your Committee
do not feel disposed to give a decided opinion on the merits
of any of these. It has already been said, that some of these
varieties did not ripen early enopgh to be valuable ; and it
may be added, that as tested by us, they were found to have
a hard pulp, and to be of inferior quality, except No. 4, a
black grape, of fair quality, which ripened well : but as th^
specimens we have tried have been mostly produced on young
vines, it is unfair to fully decide upon their merits. It would
be sti'ange indeed, if, among so many, there were not some
good ones. We would, however, advise the public to plant
rather sparingly of all the numbers until they have been more
fully proved. We regret that they should have been launched
on the market with numbers instead of names, which will
have the effect to produce great confusion in regard to them.
The Framingham was on exhibition, but your Committee
have little to add in regard to it. It is a fair grape, but, like
the Hartford Prolific, drops off, which is a very serious objec-
tion to any grape. Francis Dana, who is the most successful
of all men in producing new and valuable varieties of fruit,
placed on our tables again this year, a seedling grape, which
lie has named the Dana, which attracted considerable atten-
tion. The best pomologist of our Society, after having care-
fully examined and tested it, said it was the Rose Chasselas,
— high praise certainly. The bunch was of medium sizo,
shouldered, rather compact, with a peculiar red stem, the
berries of rather large size, nearly round, red, with a rich,
heavy bloom, so that when fully ripe they appear almost
black ; as free from pulp as the Delaware ; not so sweet, but
more spirited and vinous, and yet not an acid grape. Ripe
the 20th to the 25th of September, and tliat not under the
most favorable circumstances. This fruit was shown again
December 24th, in a fine state of preservation, retaining its
flavor to a good degree, thus seeming to possess the long-
keeping qualities of the Diana. We consider it a promising
variety. . The same gentleman also exhibited another new
seedling which he calls the Nonantum. This is a black grape,
bunch rather small size, as it appeared this year, shouldered,

MABCH. 69

berries of good size, oval, similar in shape and appearance to
the Isabella ; entirely free from pulp, being quite remarkable
ia this respect ; good flavor, promising ; some preferred it to
the former sort. Time of ripening about the same as the
other. Some of your Committee had the pleasure of visiting
Mr. Dana, and seeing these vines bearing their fruit, and we
do not hesitate to say, that the specimens shown this year
were grown under unfavorable circumstances, so far as relates
to the situation of the vines ; they growing thickly among
other vines and trees, which leads us to believe that under
more favorable circumstances even better results would be
attained ; yet the past season having been so favorable to the
ripening of tlie grape, it is hardly wise to give a more decided
opinion based upon the product of this single year. Other
seedlings were shown by the same gentleman, but none of
them seem to be worthy of particular notice.

There were some ten or eleven seedling grapes sent us from
Troy, N. Y., by H. W. Green, said to be seedlings raised by
a Mr. Thompson. Though they were not all in the best con-
dition, yet it seems to us that none of them can be of great
value. No. 1 seemed to be the Sweetwater reproduced, and
BO improvement on that foreign sort, which cannot be success-
fully cultivated out of doors. No. 2, had the texture of an
unripe Black Hamburg, with some mildew upon it, not of
pleasing appearance, and from the specimens sent cannot say
much in its favor. It seems to be a seedling from some for-
eign sort. No. 3, was like tlic Catawba in color, size and
shape ; rather late. No. 4, seemed to be the Isabella repro-
duced, with no improvement, even if equalling the parent.
Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, were all similar to No. 4 ; so that
no person could distinguish them by the fruit. These grapes
reached us on the 29th of October, and most of them were
fully ripe, but we cannot believe them to be of much value to
the public. Parker Barnes exhibited a seedling grape for the
first time, which was grown under unfavorable circumstances ;
bunch rather small, berry medium size, color black, early,
and sweet; superior in quality to the Hartford, worthy a
further trial on account of its earliness; ripe early in
September.

70 THB MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

•

There have been other seedling grapes shown, none of
which seemed to be of much value. The older sorts, such as
Catawba, Isabella, Diana, Concord, Delaware, Union Village,
and Rebecca, were shown in great perfection by B. B. Davis,
C. E. Grant, M. P. Kennard, F. Dana, K. Bailey, S. Weld, A.
J. Dean, J, W. Manning, and J. F. C. Hyde. No .one con-
tributor has done so much as W. C. Strong, to whom oar
thanks are due for his efforts in introducing new grapes, and
for the successful growing of the older varieties.

No subject is attracting more attention among Horticultur-
ists than that of the grape. And it is believed by many, that
the time will come, if it has not already arrived, when grapes
may be grown as successfully as pears, or any other fruit. It
is certainly one of the most valuable, for it can be preserved
with care for months, tending to promote health, and greatly
adding to our enjoyment. Grape culture is rapidly extending
tliroughout the country, and the time is not far distant when
all the wines that we need will be produced in our own coun-
try, and when grapes will be within the reach of all.

How cheaply they can be produced in this State and pay
the producer, is a question yet undetermined, but it is in a
fair way of being solved. Thus far, sheltered side hills with
a southern exposure have been selected, and such a location,
without doubt, is the best tliat can be found, provided it can
be suitably prepared. It is said that any soil that will pro-
duce good corn will be suitable for grapes ; however that may
be, we find by experience that they prefer a warm and some-
what dry soil, rather than a cdld and wet one. There is yet
a great difference of opinion as to how the ground should be
prepared to set a vineyard. In setting some five hundred
vines in one lot we have made no other preparation than we
should for corn, simply plowing the land deeply, and manur-
ing well with well-decomposed manure. That it will in the
end be a good investment to trench the land well and put in
drains, if the land is inclined to be too wet, we have no doubt..
No one should plant a vineyard with the expectation that
grapes can be produced as easily as they have been the past
year, but that seasons will come when they will have mildew,
rot, injurious insects in abundance, and many other things to

MABCH. 71

contend witli, Tlie robin is a great pest to the grape grower,
often destroying a large part of tlie crop. It is astonishing
to see how they will congregate in and about a vineyard, all
bent upon the destruction of the fruit. This will prove a
serious drawback to the successful cultivation of the grape,
unless the law protecting that bird is repealed, and the birds
are killed off. Great improvement has been made in the
varieties of grapes within a few years past, but there is still
room for more. Some fortunate individual is yet to give us
a grape much earlier, larger, of better quality, more hardy
tlian any we now have."

SCALE INSECTS ON PEAR TREES.

BT J. 8. HOUGHTON, PHILAOBLPHIA.

The scale insect, or bark louse, on pear trees, has been
very troublesome with me the past season, requiring several
weeks of patient labor for one man to go over the affected
trees of a large orchard, with a pot of strong soda wash and
brash, with the hope of effectually reducing their numbers.
I am inclined to think, that, like nearly all insects, they in-
crease much more rapidly in a hot, dry season, than in one
which is cooler and more rainy, as I am sure that they have
spread most astonishingly the past summer. I usually paint
all the trees which seem to bo affected by the scale, every
season, with strong soda water and whale oil soap, and have
supposed it to be effectual in destroying the insects. But it
may be that I have been mistaken, and that I have not really
killed them. The' strength of this solution which I use, is
whale-oil soap mixed to a thin paint, with the addition of
about two pounds of ordinary washing soda, (sal seda or soda
carb.) to a gallon of the mixture. To this I sometimes add
a quantity of Scotch snuff, a little spirits of turpentine, and
some sulphur, if I have any of these substances at hand. I
have also %dded to the solution of soda and whale-oil soap,
two large handfuls of chloride of lime to a bucket of mixture.
The chloride of lime I think useful, as it is a powerful clean-

72 THE MAGAZINB OF HOBTICULTUBE.

sing agent, it increases the caiistic power of the soda, and it
sticks to the branches, leaving them for a time white, just as
common lime-wash would do, showing very plainly whether
or not the trees have been faithfully painted by the person
who does the work.

But with all my care and labor, the scale insect seems to
spread most annoyingly. I have not looked for it on tlie leaves,
but I believe it will fasten itself there. I have, however,
seen it quite thickly sprinkled on the fruit, not only on my
own trees, but on other fruit, in market and elsewhere.

As I understand it, the male of this insect, (the coccus), is
very minute in size, almost invisible indeed to the naked eye,
and flies from tree to tree, while the female, (the scale which
is seen on the ti-ee), never flies, but lays a brood of eggs un-
der her sliell or scale, and dies. KoUar, the well-known Ger-
man writer on insects, says it is very diflBcult to destroy the
scale insect by washes which will not at tlie same time injure
the tree. I have always supposed the soda wash efiectual.
Before applying it, a quantity of blood may readily be pro-
duced by mashing the scale with the blade of a pruning knife,
but after the use of the paint, the scale appears dry and
bloodless. If the larger portion of them be killed by the
wash, the balance must have astonisliing powers of breeding
to increase so fast as they appear to do in a single season.

Tliat the scale is certaiji destruction to pear trees, if per-
mitted to breed undisturbed, I have no doubt. I should sup-
pose tliat an animal might as well try to exist with a million
of gallinippers sucking its blood, as a tree covered with these
sap-eaters.

I should be very much gratified to learn, whether, in the
experience of others, it has been found necessary to do more
than wash the trees with strong soda to get rid of the scale,
or if it is necessary to rub them off with a hard brush. If
the hard brush is needed, it must be a formidable job, and
many fruit-spurs would be destroyed in the operation.

KABCH. 73

THE GARDENS OP ROME.

BT U. H. HUNNBWXLL, BSQ.

In our last number we presented our readers with a very
interesting letter from Mr. Hunnewell, giving an account of
his visit to the Isola Bella. We now have the additional
gratification of giving another extract from a very recent
letter of the 7th of January, containing a notice of the Gar-
dens of Borne. Ed.

Altliough I have been so busy and much interested in
seeing the curiosities of this wonderful city, its horticultr
ural attractions have not been entirely forgotten ; and, as
you may suppose, I have not failed to visit all the gar-
dens here of any great reputation. With few attempts at
landscape effect, their chief interest consists in the peculiar
Italian mode of treatment generally adopted, — in formal
walks, a great profusion of artistic decorations, such as statu-
ary, vases, arcades, terraces, rock work, grottoes, and fountains
of every form and variety, with such an abundance of water
that there is no occasion to watch them for fear of the supply
being exhausted before your visitors leave you. Some of the
designs are wonderfully fine, and I only wish we could see
more of them in our own country, and that more have not
been introduced at the Central Park, for instance, where they
have so much water at their command, and where so large a
proportion of the many millions spent has been appropriated
to grading and blasting rocks, and not much appreciated. At
the Villa Pamfili-Doria, a short distance outside the walls of
Rome, the waterfalls and cascades are very numerous and
fantastic, and, with the simple jets and ornamental fountains,
are prominent features, and add much to the beauty of the
place. These gardens, belonging to the Prince Doria, which
are most liberally thrown open at all hours and seasons to the
public, combine more of interest, I think, than any others I
have seen, though they suffered somewhat from being occu-
pied, in 1849, by Garibaldi's troops, who, after several weeks,
were driven out by the French under Gen. Oudinot, and a

74 THB MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

monument has been erected on the spot to the memory of
those killed on that occasion.

The approach over an uneven surface is quite imposing,
bordered a part of the way by a hedge of century plants, and
part by a double row of evergreen oaks, and, after reaching
the house, is continued along two or tliree miles through the
park, with occasional views of the open country, of Rome,
and a pretty sheet of water, with its numerous cascades, &c.
The variety of trees is very great. Some fine live oaks, mu-
tilated, however, as usual by having been frequently headed
in to cause a more dense shade, I presume, in the same man-
ner as the mulberry is cut back, to promote a more vigorous
growth of foliage for the silk worm ; and a plantation of the
Pinus pinea, with their tops so flat you would think, at a dis-
tance, you could walk on them. But the most striking feat-
ure, to one accustomed to our cold region, is the immense
quantity of out-door exotic plants, such as aloes, yuccas,
palms, cactus, and orange trees planted as hedges, in vases,
in large clumps, or occasionally as fine sinjgle specimens, I
know of nothing more effective than a palm, 15 to 20 feet
high, as seen here in the centre of a grass plot. From the
villa on the entrance side, you have a good view of St. Peter's,
through an opening of evergreen oaks; and from the other
you look down some fifteen feet below you on to a parterre
flower garden of considerable extent, decorated with statues,
vases, and a large fountain, and laid out in fanciful beds,
some very ingeniously imitating names, as '^ Mary,'' and pea-
cocks by means of box edging, different colored gravel, Ac. ;
and beyond that, you have three or four acres laid out in the
English style, with some nice trees and shrubbery. I noticed
hundreds of Camellia japonicas, some^of which were in blos-
som, and all covered with buds, with a fine rich healthy fol-
iage, the climate being so mild that only the most choice are
protected by a slight roof of straw mats, which, with us,
might possibly remain 24 hours, but here they answer the
purpose, as there is seldom wind enough to extinguish a
lighted candle, and this also enables them to stand pots of
flowers about on window sills, balconies, around door stops,
&c., as is seen in great numbers. Here, too, as everywhere

MARCH. * 76

else where I have t«ivclled, there is a wonderful and liappy
absence of all insects, no rose bugs or green flies, red spiders
or caterpillars, discouraging and thwarting tlie labors of the
most zealous cultivator.

Oue of the finest sights I ever witnessed in a liorticultural
way are the orange trees here, which are now loaded down
with fruit just ripe— one variety, called, I believe, the Roman
orange, bearing a small, thin-skinned, sweet fruit, being per-
fectly hardy ; but the Sicily orange requires a little protection,
and for that reason is generally planted under the terraces,
80 that a temporary roof is easily extended over them for a
couple of months in mid-winter, and they do not ripen their
fruit until April. So far there appears to have been no severe
frost here, as the grass is green ; there is an abundance of
roses, with some other flowers, thoug]) not as many as I should
expect under such favorable circumstances. At this place
they use with great effect, in decorating their balustmdes,
vases filled with the California Opuntia, a rank-growing cac-
tus, three or four feet high and nearly as many thick. On
the walls, covering several hundred feet, I noticed the German
ivy in blossom, and looking exceedingly pretty ; likewise the
English variegated ivy, very ornamental. The pampas grass
seems to be very generally disseminated everywhere; planted
in great masses it grows very luxuriantly, tlirowing up to a
great height numerous blossom stalks, wliich remain in flower
several months, and is very showy.

Attached to the Quirinal Palace, on Mount Cavallo, where
the Pope resides during two or three of the first summer
months, and from whence Pius 9th was obliged to fly in 1849,
when the palace was invaded by the mob, is a garden of some
considerable extent and kept in very good order. One portion
is laid out in the usual manner as a flower garden ; another
with straight alleys bordered by clipped evergreen oaks, or
hedges of box and laurel at least twenty feet high, affording
some fine vistas and a dense shade, which must be very agree-
able in hot weatlier ; and a third portion as an English garden,
all decorated as usual with any quantity of sculpture and
fountains, with an abundance of water all over the grounds ;
and there is also some topiary work made out of the pyram-

76 THE MAGAZINE OF BOBTICULTUBE.

idal cypress, lookiug very much like champagne ^glasses, eight
to ten feet high. In a very lofty grotto, ornamented with
fresco paintings and statuary, an organ is played by the water,
and as you stand admiring some statuary, a great quantity of
fine water jets spout out from the ground all around you, and
in several otiier places the same device is repeated, so one
runs the risk of a pretty good shower bath, unless lie has been
forewarned of the reception he is like to meet in his visit to
the gardens of his holiness. Considering that these gardens
have been in existence upwards of 800 years, the trees arc not
as large as one would expect ; indeed, I saw no one that ap-
peared of great age. I noticed a few fine specimens of the
Cupressus glauca and torrulosa, some Deodar and Lebanon
cedars, Wellingtonias, and a Mahonia trifoliata. Of course,
plenty of aloes, cactus, and diff*erent varieties of palm ; one,
the humilis, 20 to 25 feet high ; fine Y.ucca gloriosa, and a
Draconis, 12 to 15 feet high. There were some 200 large
orange trees in pots for decorating the groxmds ; a good col-
lection of greenhouse plants, with a fine range of pine pits,
some just ripening, the gardener telling me he kept up a con-
stant supply all the year ; also strawberries under sashes, in
blossom. So it seems the good things of this world receive
due attention at the Vatican, as well as politics and church
mattei^ !

. I have visited several other villas, such as Borghese, Albani,
Ludovisi, Torlonia, i&c, but these places are not generally iu
high keeping, and are interesting from their valuable collec-
tions of works of art, rather than from any floral attractions.

On the Pincian Hills is a public garden much resorted to
by strangers and the Romans, being the fashionable walk and
drive. They are of small extent but.well kept, and planted
with some of the more rare trees and plants, and from a ter-
race there you have a most splendid view of the city.

Although there does not appear to be a great variety of
trees about here, still there are some besides those already
xnentioned which have attracted my attention, and are not
seen with us. The Schiuus molle, a graceful, drooping ever-
green tree, is quite common about the city, and is very orna-
mental ; but the most magnificent one I have met with is the

MARCH. 77

Phytolacca dioica, an Australian evergreen, I belieye^ of
large size, resembling somewhat the Magnolia grandifiora, but
the foliage is of a lighter green. The Acacia longifolia is a
very lovely tree. A large evergreen shrub, called the Stran-
vsBsia, covered with large bunches of scai-let berries, is very
showy ; and there are several varieties of the Clematis cover-
ing tlie numerous walls, now in blossom, which are very
pretty. But one of the most singular-looking objects is the
Cereus dodecaden, which is quite common, and you see them
frequently 15 to 20 feet high, producing a very strange effect.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SELECT VARIETIES OP PEARS.

BY THB EDITOR. *

"We add to our already large list of fine pears, descriptions
of the following varieties, two of which have fruited hi our
collection the last two years, and appear to be valuable addi-
tions to our gardens.

231. Mabib Louise d'Uccle. Belgian Catalogues.

Among a collection of new pears received from Belgium in
1858, embracing all that had appeared in the Catalogues up
to that date, was one under this name. It was raised by
M. Oambier, and was announced as a fruit ^'as large as
Beurrd Clairgeau, very melting, and a productive and hardy
treeJ^* Under the moderate culture which new varieties
ordinarily receive with us, and the crowded condition of the
trees, it has not probably shown its real merits. It first bore
in 1863, when the fnfit was of only medium size ; but last
year the specimens were much larger and finer, and gave
evidence of a large, productive, and excellent pear. The
fruit. greatly resembles the B. Clairgeau in shape, but instead
of the jellow skin and glossy cheek of that handsome pear, it
is more or less msseted, throughout, showing in patches and
streaks its pale yellow ground. It ripens in October. The
tree is an upright and regular grower.

THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

Size, large, about four inches long, and three in diameter ;
Form, obtuse pyramidal, or ovate pyriform, swollen on one
side, uneven in outline, largest about the middle : Skin, rough,
yellowish green, becoming yellow at maturity, and interlaced
throughout with thick russet, thickest about the crown :

3. MARIS LOUISE d'UCCLK.

Stem, rather long, about one inch in length, stout, and very
obliquely inserted under a much swollen base, with a slight
cavity beneath : Eye, medium size, nearly closed, and slightly
depressed in a shallow puckered basin ; segments of the calyx
small, narrow, very sharply pointed, stiff, incurved : Flesh,
yellowish white, little coarse, melting, with a sprightly vinous,

MARCH. 79

juicy and pleasant flavor : Tore, large : Seeds, rather small,
sharply pointed, dark. Ripe in November.

233. L*Abbb' Edouabd. Album Pomologiey Vol. IV., p. 69.

Tliis is one of the many seedlings of the late Dr. Van Mons,
and was found in his nursery, and cultivated by Bivort, in
wliose garden it first fruited in 1848. It was received as
No. 2015, of the Van Mons Collection, and Bivort supposed
it may have been distributed by him to his friends, under
that number. The late R. Manning and Wm. Kenrick re-
ceived from Dr. Van Mons, in 1834 and 1885, nearly two

4. abbk' soouaro.

hundred kinds of pears, under various numbers, but few
were higher than 1600 ; the probability is that it was never
disseminated until after it fruited with Bivort.

This variety has borne in our collection for three or four
years, and though a pear of hardly medium size, it has kept
so well, and came in at so good a season, that it appears
likely to become a valuable variety. Our collection of new
sorts is crowded into a small space, and, as we have already
remarked, the fruit has little chance of sliowing its real size.
What we desire to learn is the quality of the fruit, trusting

80 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

that when this is ascertained, better culture will develop
other desirable qualities. The Abbd Edouard ripens late,
keeping into January. Tree pyramidal, of liandsome growth.
Size, below medium, about 2| inches long, 2i inches diam-
eter : Form, obovate, broad, and somewhat flattened at the
crown, obtuse at the stem, slightly swollen on one side:
Skin, fair, smooth, greenish, becoming yellowish at maturity,
mottled with dull russet, tinged with pale red in the sun, and
dotted with conspicuous russet specks : Stem, short, less than
half an inch long, rather slender, and inserted in a small
shallow cavity: Eye, large, open, and rather deeply sunk in a
large, open, moderately deep basin ; segments of the calyx
long, entire, expanded: Flesh, white*, rather coarse, half
melting, very juicy, sugary, with an agreeable perfume : Core,
large : Seeds, large, broad, roundish, ovate, brown. Bipe iu
December, and keeps into January.

234. Paul Ambre'. Downing* s Fruits and Fruit Trees.

Our specimens of this pear were given to us by Messrs. Ell-
wanger & Barry of Rochester, N. Y., in whose collection we
saw the tree in full bearing last September. The tree was
vigorous and healthy, of erect growtli, and produced a full crop
of such smooth, good, fair fruit, that we brought some home
with us, from one of which our drawing and description was
made. It is, we believe, one of Bivort's seedlings, or, like the
Abb£ Edouard, one of the trees found in the nurseries of
Van Mons, after his death. We do not, however, find it
described in the volumes of the Album Pomologic, and think
it of more recent introduction to notice. Though not a large
pear, it is of regular form, smooth and handsome, and pos-
sesses a sprightly refreshing flavor.

Size, medium, 2} inches long, 2i inches diameter : Form,
obovate, regular, narrowing to the crown, and rather obtuse
at the stem : Skin, fair, smooth, yellowish at maturity, with a
broad, pale red cheek in tlie sun, and covered with minute
russet dots: Stem, medium length, about one inch long,
rather stout, and obliquely inserted without any cavity, but.
surrounded with a few uneven and slight jMrojections : Eye,
large, open, and but slightly depressed, in a very shallow.

MABCH.

smooth basin; segments of the calyx very long, narrow,
entire, reflexed : Flesh, jellowisb white, little coarse, with a

4. rAUL A■BRB^

pleasant sprightly refreshing juice, and agreeable flavor :
Core, large : Seeds, large, flattened, long, pointed. Bipe in
October.

CULTURE OF MARANTAS.

fBOM TBI ILLUSTRATION HOBTIOOLI.

The Marantas are a beautiful class of plants, remarkable
for the elegant and diversified coloring of their foliage, rather
than the size, or brilliancy of their blossoms. One of them,
the Zebra plant so called (Maranta zebiina), is tolerably well
known, having been grown in our collections for a long
period, and, when well treated, is still one of the most showy

VOL. zxn. — ^No. m. 6

82 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTDBB.

and decorative objects, either for the hoUiouse in winter, or
the conservatory or lawn in summer ; its ample foliage, dis-
tinctly marked with dark and light green, in zebra-like
stripes, from whence its specific name, forms a broad, mas-
sive, and effective object.

But it is only within a few years that the researches of
botanical travellers, who have penetrated the interior of South
America, have brought this tribe into more especial notice,
and enriched our collections with numerous species, not per-
haps individually more striking than the old kind, but of
dwarfer stature, and very different in the size as well as the
coloring of their leaves ; some being green, with silver lines,
others green with golden lines ; some with purple or bronzy
tints, and others of various shades, but all ornamental, and
forming highly decorative or picturesque objects, mixed in
with a collection of flowering plants.

Consequently the rare and newer kinds are not common in
our collections, and where they are introduced they are often
badly treated, and are anything but the really splendid
objects they should be. This is owing to ignorance or
neglect of their culture, for though this is by no means diffi-
cult, it still requires to be founded on a knowledge of their
natural habits, upon which alone the whole tribe, as well as
many other plants, can be grown to any degree of perfection.

The French and Belgian cultivators, through whom the
new species have been disseminated, knowing their require-
ments, cultivate them extensively, and in the highest con-
dition, and a late number of the Illustration Horticole has a
paper upon their growth, by M Verschaffelt, the editor, who
has not only a large number of species, but has been awarded
numerous prizes for his skill in their culture. Our ama-
teurs will therefore be pleased to learn his mode of treatment^
which is as follows :

The Marantas or Phryniums have acquired, at the present
time, a great and legitimate reputation ; a reputation which
these plants merit, not for the beauty of their flowers, which
are quite insignificant, but for their foliage^ always ample,
velvety or glossy, often two or three colored, and beautifully

MABCH. 88

ornamented with stripes or bands, or with variegations,
brightly colored or silvery.

Their culture, without presenting any real diCBculties, yet
requires particular care, and constant attention. The fol-
lowing is the manner in which we have successfully cultivated
our plants: Originally from the warm regions of Asia (as
from its archipelagoes) and from Central America, these
plants, not yet so extensively cultivated as they should be,
require,' in the climate of Europe, the shelter of a hothouse,
where they can have shade and a slightly humid atmosphere
during the warm season, yet requiring dmost constant venti-
lation, at least during the heat of the day ; ventilation, it is
true, is a positive necessity, and at the present day is under-
stood by the most skilful gardeners, not oi^y for the preser-
vation of plants, but to facilitate, in forcing, a vigorous
growth, and at the same time to preserve the health of the
gardeners who have the charge of the hothouse.

Like the generality of plants, they require annually a period
of repose. We can easily recognize this, by the drying up of
the floral scapes, the cessation of growth, and the yellowness
of the lower leaves. When this takes place, watering should
be more moderate, or almost entirely discontinued, and the
plants removed to a cooler house, where the air, the light,
and the sunshine even, slightly subdued, can circulate freely
around the pots. Here they may remain until they again
show signs of growth. The plants should then be turned
out of the pots, the earth lightly shaken from the roots, free-
ing them from all dead or decaying parts, which should be
neatly cut away with a sharp budding knife. If young plants
are wanted, the little clusters of shoots which are now form-
ing, shoifld be separated, taking great care not to injure the
main root stalk. All are then to be well potted and removed
to the hothouse. Here they soon grow and thrive well,
especially in company with the orchids, the ferns and arads.

The soil which suits the plants best is heath earth, passed
through a coarse riddle, or, what is better, leaf mould, well
decayed, to which shoiild be added a third part of horse or
cow manure, equally well rotted, avoiding all other compact
earths, such as loam, fresh earth, and especially clay or alluvial

84 THE MAGAZINE ^F HOBTICULTUBE.

soil. Tlie pots in which they are potted should be very large
(proportionately, that is, without reference to the size of- the
plants) and not very deep, well drained, with fragments of
pots or bricks, or tiles finely broken. This kind of pot is
necessary, as the plants hare long, fibrous roots, slightlj
hairy, and spreading more or less horizontally, taking root
in no other manner. In consequence of this kind of rooting,
it is necessary for the Maranta to extend its roots freely, and
their creeping, under-ground stolones, which they readily
produce from the central stalk.

To speak of this mode of subterranean growth, is to indi-
cate that of their multiplication, which we have given above ;
we do not reckon at all on their producing seeds. This very
rarely happens, if it is not quite improbable with us. Be-
sides, the result of this mode of propagation would be
altogether too slow, compared with tliat to be obtained by
dividing the roots.

The mode of watering the plants is a matter of no little
importance. A syringe, with a very fine sprinkler, so as to
throw it over and under the leaves, is to be preferred to
watering immediately upon the roots. The water should be
pure rain water, and of the same temperature of the house.

We have, perhaps, omitted some details. These, however,
the skill and good judgment of the cultivator will readily
supply.

FLORICULTURAL NOTICES.

New Caladiums. — ^We seem not unlikely to be, says the
Gtirdeners' Chronicle, as much overrun with new Caladiums
as we were with variegated Begonias. There will be this
advantage in the one case, as in the other, that we shall all
the sooner set about selecting from amongst old and new, a
few of the very choicest, for general cultivation, and consign
the rest to oblivion. Caladiums, after having made a start in
the conspicuous importations from Para, which took place a
few years since, are now being hybridized, and seedlings are

MARCH. • 85

being produced, though not perhaps in such numbers as was
the case with the Begonias in their brief day. We are not,
indeed, in the secrets of the raisers as to the origin of the
most recent kinds which have found their way into commerce,
but we are not without suspicion that they are rather to be
attributed to Paris than Para, — to the pknt hybridizer rather
than to the plant importer. We hare lately received speci-
mens from Mr. Bull of some varieties of professedly hybrid
origin, which go to confirm this suspicion. Of course the
true beauty of these novelties can only be brought out by the
highest cultivation, and even then it will be necessary to see
the best old sorts in the same highly grown state, before any
certainty as to which are the best varieties can be answered.
So far as appearances go, one called Chautinii fulgens, from *
having the red coloring arranged in more dotted lines, and
the white flecks more evenly distributed, may prove better
than its old namesake. Another, called Lamartine, marked
in the same way, only with red instead of white flecks, looks
distinct, and will probably be effective. A third. Mad.
Andrieu, has red ribs, with a few reddish flecks distributed
over the central portion of the leaf. These, we are informed,
are hybrids frona C. poecele, fertilized with Chantinii.
Another, called Due de Morny, raised from pcecile, fertilized
with Verschaffeltii, has the whole central portion of the leaf
blade of a dee^ crimson. Verily, there is work for the Floral
Ck)mmittee to collect and test the numerous varieties.

803. Oenethtlus fimbriata Kipp. Thtm&leaved Oene-
THTLU9. (Myrtaceas.) South West Australia.

A. deenhooM plant; frowinc one foot htfh; with pink bract; appewlng In HQTiat \ increased by
c ottiocB; frown iu Usht heath soU. Bot. Mag., 1864, pi. 546S.

" A lovely shrub, as all the species of this genus are," but
rarely seen in American collections, owing, probably, to want
of care in the treatment of the plants. The present subject
was discovered by Mr. Drummond, but was not sent to Eng-
land till recently, when it was added to the collection of
Messrs. Yeitch. It has an erica-like habit, and the flowers are
small and insignificant ; but these are produced on the ends
of the branches, and are covered with beautiful pink bracts
or scales, which resemble a large drooping bell-shaped flower.
(^Bot. Moff.f Sept.)

86 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

804. HiPPEASTRUM PROCERUM Duchatrc. Queen op Brazil's

HiPPEASTRUM. (Amaryllidaceffi.) Brazil.

A vTPenhoaie bulb ; Krowinf three feet hlsh; with lilac flowen ; appearing ia winter ; iDcreaaed
by Heeds ; crown in Uf bt rich loli. UL Hort., 1864, pi. 4U8.

A new and very handsome Amaryllis, or Hippeastrum,
found on the Oregon mountains, and two bulbs sent to the
Imperial Horticultural Society of Paris, and two to Mad.
Furtado at Rocquencourt, near Paris, in whose collection it
flowered last January, producing a stem with four blossoms.
It has a rather tall stem, surmounted with its large leaves,
from the summit of which appears the flower stalk, with four
or more flowers, of a delicate pale lilac. It is increased by
seeds, and requires the same culture as the Amaryllis. (JM.
Hort., Aug.)

805. ACHTRANTHES(?)VERSCHAPPELTnJBa^. VeRSCHAFFELT'S

AcHYRANTHES. (Amarai^accffi.) Para.

A ireeuhoose plant; growinc two feet high; with purple foliage { increased by cattinca;
grown in light rich aoiL 111. Hon., 1864, pi. 409.

Another of the beautiful acquisitions of M. Baraquin, the
collector of M. JVerschafielt, who found it fn Para and sent it
to him. It is an ornamental foliaged plant, of rare beauty,
and its name not yet fully determined, though there is little
doubt it is an Achyranthes, and allied to the Amarantus.
The habit is erect with diverging branches, and roundish
leaves of a coppery brown, and shaded with blood purple,
with veins of a bright crimson, rivalling, in its admirable
admixture of colors, anything that we at present possess. As
it will grow vigorously, and flourish in the open air in sum-
mer, it will undoubtedly prove one of the most distinct and
popular of dark foliaged plants. (IIL HorL, Aug.)

$titittn$.

PBirnSTLTAIflA HORTICULTURAL.

At the recent Annaal Meeting of the Society, the following officers were
elected for 1865:—

MARCH. 87

President, D. Rodney Kin^.

Vice PresideDtB, James Dundas, M. W. Baldwin, Caleb Cope, Robert
BoiBt.

Corresponding Secretary, Thomas Meehan.

Recording Secretary, A. W. Harrison.

Treamrer, Henry A. Dreer.

Professor of Botany, Thomas P. James.

Professor of Horticultural Chemistry, James C. Booth.

Professor of Entomology, S. S. Rathvon.

The Society appears to be in a flourishing condition, and at a meeting
January 17th, a Committee was chosen " to raise a fund by subscription for
procuring a lot in a central locality, and erecting thereon a suitable Hall
for the use of the Society," the said Committee, if they meet with the
desired success, to also ascertain and report the locality, price and terms of
. loty and estimated cost of erecting the building, and report at a subsequent
or special meeting. The President was appointed Chairman of the Com-
mittee.

The Society will have a grand Horticultural Banquet, July 4th, the
place of meeting and order of arrangements of which will be hereafter
announced. They will also hold the Autumnal Exhibition on the 27, 28,
and 29tb of September next

|P[assac|asttts Podicultural Sotietg.

Saturday, January 7, 1865. The quarterly stated meeting of the Society
held to-day.

The President called the meeting to order, and delivered his Annual
Address, as follows :
Gkittlemen of the Mass. Hort. Soc. : —

Once more we have come together at the incoming of the new year,
to renew our fidelity to the cause of Horticultural Science, and give the
assurance of our deep interest in everything that concerns the present
usefulness and future prosperity of the Society.

Notwithstanding a somewhat unfavorable season, dry almost beyond rec-
ollection, and the partial or almost entire failure of some kinds of fruit,
the ESxhibitions of the Society have been well kept up, the interest in them
unabated, and the specimens of fruits and flowers, as well as vegetables-
all good — have, in some instances, excelled those of former years. The
apple crop, as the Chairman of the Fruit Committee has informed you in
his roost excellent report, read at the last meeting, was almost an entire
failure in this part of the country, and he indulged in some forebodings
that, owing to the many enemies of this valuable fruit, its culture was likely
to diminish from the uncertainty of the product I trust and hope that his
fears are unfounded, and that we shall yet see large and thriving orchards

88 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

taking the place of the worn oat and decrepit treee, which, it most be ad-
mitted, now disfigure the fair landscape in our own immediate neighborhood.

Though I am no advocate of the theory of the wearing out of varieties,
I have no hesitation in saying that the trees themselves will eventually go
to decay ; and no orchardist, who has any knowledge of the subject, will
fail to take early measures to provide young and healthy plantations to
supply the place of old and enfeebled trees. Because they once flourished
well, and yielded profitabler crops, it must not be supposed that the yield
will be perpetual. Yet this is the general expectation, and when, from
a combination of causes, such as neglect of cultivation — want of manure —
judicious pruning— cleanliness of the trees — insects, &c., — ^they fail to give
the supply of earlier days, orchards are pronounced valueless, and the loss
of the crop laid to innumerable evils, wholly under the control of the culti-
vator. We shall regret to see any less attention given to apple culture in
any part of our State.

The pear, fortunately, has proved a most valuable and reliable fruit, and
few who have attempted its culture have failed to reap a fair return. It
is not subject to the attack of that pest, the canker worm, nor has it any
enemies in this latitude, unless we except the blight, so called, which has
been so destructive to the trees of your late President, Mr. Breck, who has
given you some account of his losses. Happily it has yet affected but few
plantations, and it is hoped it will not become an epidemic, as it has in
Western N. York, where thousands of trees are yearly destroyed, even in
the nursery rows.

This noble fVuit has a very clean record with us, and the past year our
markets have been well supplied with pears of very fine quality, and our
Exhibition tables have been filled to overflowing with the choicest specimens
of our amateur and professional cultivators. While a small space was
suflicient for the generally inferior specimens of apples, the broad and
lengthy tables at our Annual Elxhibition were unable to accommodate the
numerous pears ; and, while we regret the loss of such a fine display of the
former fruit, as in days past enriched our tables from the orchard of one
who no longer holds concourse with us, we are proud to see the pear, so
oflen pronounced, and still asserted to be, an uncertain fruit, fulfilling the
expectations of the ardent cultivators who have devoted years to encourage,
by the exhibition of superior specimens, and the introduction of the choicest
varieties, the more extensive culture of such a delicious fruit Your Fruit
Committee, acting in concert with the views formerly expressed by me,
have, by the alteration of their premiums, done much to bring out the real
qualities of many fiivorite kinds ; and I am glad to learn that now we have
the prospect of abundant space, they propose to introduce, into their
schedule of prizes the present year, some liberal premiums for the largest
and best collections of the pear. Gladly do I announce this, and I look
forward to another of those great displays, which once made our exhibition
the attraction of Pomologists from all parts of the country, and gave us
the high reputation, so well earned, of widely disseminating a knowledge
of its excellencies.

MABCH. 89

How rich has been the display of Grapes ! We do longer turn from the
meagre show of native sorts, to gloat over the rich clusters of foreign vari-
eties ; but rather satisfy ourselves that the latter are well enough of their
kindf while the former rivet our attention. Indeed what can be more inter-
esting to the lover of good fruit, than the rich blue bloom of the noble Con-
cords — the compact clusters of the rosy-tinted Delawares — the amber hue
of the delicate Rebeccas — the transparency of the luscious Allen's Hybrid,
or the pinkish berries of the spirited lona ? How great the change within
the remembrance of the youngest member of our Society ! and how vast
that within the recollection of its pioneers ! They did not dream of such
progress. That our Society has been instrumental in bringing this about,
is a source of the highest gratification. Let it be an incentive to still fur-
ther energies to make known the best grapes, and reward with liberal
premiums those who are active in bringing forward new varieties of this
delicious fruit

I have been gratified, no doubt m common with every member who
heard the Import already alluded to, to hear the Chairman advocate more
attention to that healthy and valuable fruit, the Strawberry. He has truly
said diat, though some splendid berries have been exhibited the past year,
the show, on the whole, was meagre, and by no means what such an exhi-
bition should be by th^ Massachusetts Horticultural Society. The prem-
iums Lave been very liberal, yet the small association of a neighboring town
has far excelled our metropolitan display. This should not be ; and we
trast the present year, and in future years, our new Hall will be made, dur-
ing the beautiful month of June, redolent with roses, and fragrant with the
odor of huge strawberries, now more to be compared with plums and
peaches than with the smaller fruits.

It is gratifying to see the peach once more upon our tables in greater
abundance, and I hope the interest now increasing, in regard to orchard-
houses, will make this luscious fruit more prominent hereafter. The liberal
premiums offered for the best peaches and grapes from pot culture, by Wm.
Gray, Jr., Elsq., are to be awarded this year, and this alone should bring out
many superior specimens. When these are seen, and it is understood how
simple is the method of producing them, there will doubtless be hundreds
of amateurs and gentlemen who will enter into the culture of the peach,
now so uncertain in our variable and often severe climate.

Of the numerous flowers which have ornamented our tables it would be
impossible to particularize in these brief remarks: but I ought to allude to
the Gladiolus, as showing how much can be done to render us comparatively
independent of foreign aid, in our collections of plants and flowers. It is
only within four years that any attention has been given to the raising of
•eedling Gladioli ; yet the results have surpassed all that we have hereto-
fore had from abroad ; true, the French have given us the material to work
with ; and they had the same ; but they have not come up to our standard.
All this shows that the same efibrts directed to the growth of the rose, the
pieony, the rhododendron, the azalea, the lily, and other plants, will un*

90 THE MAGAZINB OP HORTICULTUBE.

doubtedly produce like results. With such direct and positive evidence of
what has been accomplished with the Gladiolus, should our cultivators reet
contented with the laurels already won ? The answer may be that the
flowers we have named require, some of them, years before their merits
can be known, while the Gladiolus gives a quick result This, however,
should be no bar to the attempt at success.

Time will not allow me to say all I could wish under this head. The
future is enveloped in mystery, but wemay indulge the hope, that, encour-
aged in their efforts, as we are sure all cultivators will be, by the aid of our
Society, with the liberal assistance of our zealous amateurs, in bestowing
generous premiums for meiitorious specimens, oar gardens and grounds
will be enriched with inagpificent objects, the result of intelligence and
skill, directed to the improvement of the Creator's works.

From this slight review of what the season has developed, I turn more
immediately to the condition and prospects of the Society.

Prosperity has attended all our eflbrts during the paat year. Since Jan-
uary last, 142 new members have joined the Society ; these, lAth 52 the
previous year, make a total of 195 members in two years ; nei^rly one-half
have become life members. Deducting withdrawals, which have been few,
and deceased members, the present total number is 704.

Numbers alone often add but little to the real usefulness of a Society,
thopgh, in an association like ours, it is gratifying to have the sympathy
and countenance of all ; and it is pleasaqt to be able to state thjit a large
part of the increase of last year, embraces real lovers of Rural art, and
many of them amateurs or professional cultivators, who will take pleasure ia
being contributors to our exhibitions, and have a laudable pride in excelling
in the products of their skill.

The finances pf the Society exhibit a condition which will be cheering
and satisfactory to every member. Qur total wealth on the 1st of January,
1864, was $198,160.35, with $102,500 available for the erection of a new
building. Of tliis, $53,100 have been already expended in the constructioa
of the edifice ; and adding our present resources, the Treasurer informs
me that the total means of the^ Society, for the erection of the building
on the 1st of January, 186$, were $104,604.54, showing a gain, notwith-
standing large taxes, insurance, &c., of $2,100.

Mount Auburn gives us, for the last year, the handsome sum of $7,500,
the largest amount we have ever received from this source. As the com-
mittee upon the purchase of the Montgomery House estate did not estimate
the average above $5,000, this is a gain upon their estimate.

The erection of the new Hall has progressed most favorably. The cor-
ner stone was laid on the 18th of August, and the building is already
roofed-in and ready for interior finishing. The summer has been dry and
favorable for building, and it is believed a more substantial structure has not
been erected in our city. The exterior design needs no comment from me,
and the interior accommodations are already apparent to every member who
may choose to examine them. It is the general impression that the two
halls will be ample to afford all the space the Society now needs, or will

MARCH. 91

ever require, and the proportions are each as to greatly enhance the effect
of our exhibitions.

As regards the financial bearing of our enterprise, it is the confident
belief that it will enable the Society to obtain all its own accommodations
free of expense. The comer store on Bromfield street has been leased,
and there are several applications for the comer store on Montgomery place,
ms well as for those on Bromfield street, and from the present increased
value of rents I think I may safely say the gain will considerably exceed
what was considered at one time the rather enthusiastic ideas of some of
your Committee.

We are informed by Mr. Bryant, the Architect, that we can without doubt
have the building completed by July Ist next, perhaps before that period,
but not in time to be available for our spring or opening exhibition. We
entertain the hope it will be ready in June, when its dedication can take
place in connection with the rose show. It would be highly gratifying, it
appears to roe, to have that occasion occur when the most beautiful flowers
of the garden, and especially the " Queen '' of Flowers, as well as we hope
the Flowers of Rhetoric, may delight and quicken our perceptions of Na-
ture's loveliest works. It will be for you, gentlemen, to take such early
action in the matter as will render the event creditable to us all, and
memorable in our history.

Other illustrations of our prosperity are the high appreciation of our
labors by those who are ever ready to aid and sustain institutions devoted to
the general welfare and happiness of the people. We have had cheering
evidences of this aid, to which I alluded in my last address. It is a source
of the highest gratification to announce the continued kindness of those who
have already encouraged us in our career, and who have again made us the
recipients of their bounty. The second donation of H. Mollis Hunnewell,
Esq., of $2,000, to promote the art of landscape gardening, is received with
most grateful acknowledgments, and the objects to be encouraged those that
are nearest to our wishes and wants.

The recent liberal donation of ninety -seven shares of the Connecticut
and Paseumpsic Rivers Railroad, from Dr. William J. Walker, of Newport,
Rhode Island, is renewed evidence that we are not idle in our labors, in
the promotion of Horticultural science. This liberal sum is given us to
awaken renewed efforts at improvement in all the various branches of
gardening, and more particularly the introduction of superior culinary veg-
etables. Our deepest thanks are due to one who, already known as a
public benefactor, by the bestowal of his wealth upon kindred associations,
has not forgotten our own. We wish to record our public acknowledg-
ment of this noble act

A donation from Wm. Thomas, Esq., has been received for the general
objects of the Society, and his kind aid and sympathy has our highest con-
sideration.

While we are participants of the overflowing wealth of those on whom
fortune has smiled, we doubly welcome these acts as renewed evidence^
of a refined and cultivated taste, and a just appreciation of art devoted to

92 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

the improvement of our homes and the sanitary comforts of the people.
Let it be our duty as well as out aim to develop still further this latent and
increasing love of rural art

Little remains for me to add. The liberal premiums offered by the Soci-
ety have created a laudable competition and desire to excel, and the more
we can give in this direction the more shall we stimulate to greater exer-
tion. As speedily as we can augment the appropriations for prizes, with a
due regard to other expenditures, let it be done. As the Society progresses
in material wealth, so should our encouragement of every species of cult-
ure be enlarged, that the standard of excellence may be more and more
elevated.

During the past year, several of our members have been called Grom their
earthly labors, and we shall no more enjoy their companionship and aid.
Of these none have been more lamented than the late Dennis Murray,
whose humble life has not been without its reward. Without the advan-
tages of early culture, by diligent study and industry, he attained a pro-
ficiency in botanical science rarely equalled by one in his position. Struck
down while contributing to the interest of our last Annual Exhibition,
by his usual display of indigenous plants and flowers, we shall long miss
the place he so honorably filled.

One word in reference to the coming Annual Exhibition and I shall
not detain you longer. Whatever course you may think desirable in re-
gard to the dedication or opening of the New Hall remains for you to
decide. But I wish to impress upon every member, who feels any pride in
the possession of our new home, — who takes any interest in these exhi-
bitions, or places any estimate upon them as indicating our horticultural
progress, — the duty of making early and continued preparations for a grand
display. Let our cultivators of flowers and plants begin at once, and labor
diligently, to bring out their rarest and choicest specimens, reared by the
aid of all their skill, and make the exhibition worthy of the ample Halls,
and beautiful architecture of the building.

Let our fruit growers renew their zeal, and bring forward the largest and
best specimens that their art can produce — such as no previous display
has ever equalled : and let our market gardeners and amateur cultivators
present such an array of superior vegetables of all kinds, as will maintain
the reputation for excellence they have so well earned. Lastly, let our
Committee of Arrangements decide to begin in season with Iheir work, and
spare no exertions to develop all the taste at their command, in order that
all these varied products of the greenhouse, the orchard and the garden,
may be arranged to form an effective, harmonious and magnificent display,
equalling any similar exhibition abroad.

GENTLBMEif OF THE Soctett: Wishing you each and all, individually
and collectively, a happy New Year, and continued health and prosperity,
I have only to say I shall be ready to cooperate with you in whatever will
promote the welfare and renown of our association.

On motion of L.* Wetherell the thanks of the Society were voted to the
President for his interesting Address; and a copy requested for publication.

HABCH.

Mr. Parkman, from the Library Committee, made the Annua]
1864.

The Finance Committee presented their Annual Report, an
which we present

Rkceipts.
By cash in the Treasury, December 31, 1863,
" dividends from stocks^ . - -

^ assessments and admissions, ...
*• interest from II. D. Parker, ...
** receipts from Mount Auburn,
" rents collected, - . . -

" receipts of Annual Exhibition,
" cash donations for special prizes,
*^ miscellaneous receipts, ...

" sales of stocks and receipts of loans,
" received of H. D. Paker, on note,

Patmbhts.

To cash paid Premiums and Chratuities, .
*^ salaries, .....

" rents paid, .....
** expenses. Annual Exhibition,
•* library books, . . . -

** taxes and insurance, ....
** printing and advertising, and Im Famharo,
** expense laying comer stone, ...
^ interest on mortgage, ....
*^ engravings, Testaments, Slc^ . - -

** temporary loans, ....

** for preferring 97 shares stock,
^ for constroction of new building,
** cash on hand, December 81, 1864,

The property of the Society is valued at -
And the Society owes for real estate,

Report for

abstract of

$1,193 53

1,184 10

1,974 20

3,600 00

6,897 44

2,669 17

968 00

175 00

303 57

52.253 06

38,000 00

$99,217 97

$2,042 00

875 00

1,550 00

1,618 76

410 06

1,733 94

216 75

489 78

5,500 00

569 32

25,978 65

4,920 57

53,100 00

.229 54

$99,217 97

$214,736 88

100,000 00

- $114,736 88
and ordered to be published in the Annual

Leaving a balance of

The Report was acce]
fteport.

The following gentlemen were elected a Committee of Arrangements for
the next Annual Exhibition : —

P. B. Hovey, Chairman ; J. S. Oabot, J. F. C. Hyde, E. A. Story, D. T.
Curtis, C. H. B. Breck, Parker Barnes, R. McCleary Copeland, E. A.
Brackett, S. H. Gibbons, Abn^r Pierce, E. W. Buswell,.aiid L. WeiherelL

The appropriation of $3,000 for premiums for 1865 was unanimously
tdopted, and $400 voted for the Committee of Arrangements.

94 THE MAGAZINB OF HOBTICULTUBE.

Elijah Williatns, Esq^ preseDted the Society with $20, as a premiomfor
•tra wherries, and the President presented the Society with a 2d premiom of
f 10 for the same object The thanks of the Society were voted for these
donations.

The Committee on Establishing Premiums for 18(>5 made a report, which
was placed in the hands of the Executive Committee for approval.

Adjourned one month, to February 4tli.

#bitnarg.

Death of Dr. Ezekiel Holmes. We record, with deep regret, the
death of Dr. Holmes, which took place suddenly, at Winthrop, Me., at the
age of 64.

Dr. Holmes was well known as the Editor of the Maine Farmer, one of
our oldest agricultural papers, and which has been under his charge ever
since its establishment in 18-*)3. A contemporaiy Journal, in noticing his
death, speaks as follows : — Dr. Holmes was bom in Kingston, Mass., in
1801, was graduated at Brown University in 1821, received the degree of
M. D. from Bowdoin College in 1824. In 1833 he removed to Winthrop,
and practised medicine, and in January commenced the publication of the
Maine Farmer. This began at Hallowell, under his editorial supervision,
but subsequently removed to Winthrop, where it remained till 1844, when
it was transferred to Augusta. Besides his editorial labors he was called
to fill numerous public offices in his adopted state ; he was Professor of
Natural Sciences in Waterville College, was engaged in the survey of the
Public Lands in Maine and Massachusetts in 1835, was member of both
Houses of the Legislature, Secretary of the Maine Agricultural Society,
and in 1861, '62, was engaged with Professor Charles Hitchcock of Mas-
sachusetts, in a Scientific Survey of the State, and was Vice-President of
the New England Agricultural Society. The sudden demise of a citizen
of such a record, amid his useful labors, makes a void that it will not be
easy to fill. We first met Dr. Holmes at the State Fair in Augusta, found
him gentle and genial, generous and candid, courteous and gentlemanly.
Not only has Maine suffered a loss, but the public generally, as it regards
the industrial pursuits, for his life was devoted to the advancement of these
in general, and specially to the promotion of improvements in agriculture.
The Legislature justly took honorable notice of the loss of the deceased.
The editorial corps of the agricultural press have lost in Dr. Holmes an
urbane and faithful co-worker. (Boston CulHvator.)

Our acquaintance with Dr. Holmes has continued for many years, though
we had the pleasure of meeting him but once or twice. We can bear
ample testimony to the value of his agricultural labors, as well as his
public and private worth. An entire file of the Maine Farmer for thirty
years is the best estimate of his services rendered to the cause of agri-
cultore and niral industry.

KACBH. 95

gortitultttral Operations

FOR MARCH.
FRUIT DBFARTMEIfT.

Tbb month of Febrnary has been much more pleasant than Jannary, and
without any extremes of cold ; and for forcing operations has been fevora-
ble. The snow has continued to cover the ground, and, as there is but
little frost, the appearances indicate an early spring.

Grapr Vines, in the earliest houses, will now be coloring their fruit, and
some of it nearly or quite ready for cutting the latter part of the month.
Keep the bouse much dryer now, discontinuing all syringing and excess of
TTtler. Air freely, and stop the laterals, if they crowd the vines. Grapes
bthe greenhouse and ordinary grapery will now be breaking, and syringing
should be freely given until the buds are well advanced. Increase the
heat as the season advances, and give air more liberally as the growth ex*
tends. Damp down the house morning, noon i^d night, in fine, sunny
weather. Cold houses will require no other attention than free airing, to
prevent the early starting of the vines. Hardy vines may be pruned this
month, where they have not been laid down.

Peach and other Fruit Trees, in piits, brought into the greenhouse
list month, and now showing bloom, should have a situation where they
can have an abundance of air and more room. Fresh trees may be brought
io, if there is room, or they may be brought forward in the grapery.

Orchard Houses should be well ventilated in warm weather, to prevent
the trees from starting too early.

Strawberries, for forcing, should have a good place on a warm shelf,
near the glass.

Set oris OF Fruit Trees may be cut this month, and preserved in earth,
m a cool cellar.

Grafting may be commenced the last of the month.

Pruning may be begun now, and continued through the spring months.

Cucumbers should be hilled out in well-prepared hotbeds, where the
temperature is strong, but not too violent. Protect well with mats, in cold
nights.

FLOWER DEPARTMENT.

March is the busy month. The preparation for a summer stock will
occupy most of the time this month. Continue to propagate freely before
wanner weather, and less time to attend to it Harden bedding stuff off
io frames.

Camellias will now be making their growth, and will require more
frequent syringing, and more water at the roots, as well as a slightly
higher temperature; a slight shade on sunny days will also be of service to
them. Young plants, which require it, may now be potted.

96 THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTimB.

Azaleas will now be in full flower, unless wintered in a cold bouse.
Water more liberally, and keep rather cool, that thej may continue longer
in bloom. Repot and keep in a warmer house such plants as it is desira.
ble to increase in size, and make into handsome specimens.

PKLAReoifiUMs will coutiuue to need attention ; go over the finer speci-
mens, and give the branches another tie, drawing them gently down, so as
to spread them out and give room for the centre shoots. Turn the plants
round oflen ; water carefully, but thoroughly ; give air at all times, and
great quantities, in fine weather.

Gloxiiiias AifD AcHiMBiiBS should have attention, as they continue to
enlarge in growth.

Heaths, done blooming, should be kept in a cool airy part of the boose.

Ferns should be repotted, and those well established have more liberal
supplies of moisture.

Tuberoses should be potted, and forwarded in a botbed or warm part <^
the greenhouse.

Dahlias may be potted, and brought forward for early flower.

Ebtthrin AS should be potted for early bloom in the open ground.

Cankas may be potted, and brought forward.

Annuals, sown last month, should now be potted ofi^ or transplanted into
boxes, and removed to a cold frame. Sow se^ for a succession.

Daisies may be uncovered and brought into early bloom, with the aid of
Bashes and slight covering on cold nights.

Cuttings, of all kinds, put in last month, should be potted ofl^ en-
couraged in their growth, and removed to cold firames, when the weather
will admit

OxALisxs, done flowering, may be placed away on a shelf, where they
will gradually dry oft.

Fuchsias, intended for large specim^is, should have another shif^ and
be encouraged, by stopping the shoots, to make stocky plants.

Chinese Primroses, done flowering, should be more sparingly watered,
and kept in a cool house.

VEeETABLE DEPARTMENT.

The preparation of hotbeds for early vegetables, began last mooth,
should be continued. But where none have been made they should be
commenced now. Prepare the manure, as we have already advised, and
when the rank heat has subsided sow all kinds of seeds.

Cucumbers, for early planting, in the open ground, may be sown in
small pots, 3 or 4 seeds in each.

Tomatoes may be planted in drills, or in pots or boxes.

Lettuce and Radishes may be planted.

Egg Plants may be planted.

Cauliflowers, Broccoli and Cabbages may be sown.

REMOVAL.

HOVEY Zt CO.

RESPECTFULLY INFORM THEIR FRIENDS AND THE PU BUG

GENERALLY,

kThat they have removed from Kilby Street to
I S3 North Market Street,

OPPOSITE F^NEUIL HA-LL,

Where they offer for sale one of the most extensive assortnaeiits of

I AGRICULTURAL,

1, VEGETABLE,

^0 AND FLOWER SEEDS,

. GRASS AND CLOVER SEEDS,

■ TREE AND FIELD SEEDS.

ALSO, FROM THEIR NURSERIES AT CAMBRIDGE,

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES,

EVERGREENS. FLOWERING SHRUBS,

Greenhouse Plants, Hoses, Dahlias, Bulbons Roots,

&c. &c. &c.

Catalogues of whicli will bo forwarded on application, enclosing a post-
age stamp.

Correspondents will please address

liOVEY & CO.

63 North Market Street.

THE

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE,

FOR 1865.

Horticultural Science, Landscape Gardening,
and Rural Art.

A NEW VOLUME

COMMENCES ON THE FIRST OF JANUARY, 1866.

THE FIRST VOI.VIMB Or THB FIFTH iERIEB,

A.XTX> THIHTTT-FrRST A.TST-NTJA.T4 TTOLTT^iE.

EDITED BY C. M. HOVEY,
AUTHOR OF THE FRUITS OF AMERICA.

COUPLETS SETS IK TIIIRTT VOLUMES, HAHDBOHBLT BOUND, TWO SOLLABB KACH

The First Volume of tho Fii^Tif Series (Vol. XXXL) commenceH on the fifBt of

Jan nary. It has now been so long before tiie public, and is bo popular tbron^hoat the "

country, thai it would appear iuperfluoua to urga m claims upon the attention of eultiva - '

tore, emateura, or gentlenien rntereated in Horticultural pursuits* It has been highly *

influenliril in diffusing a ta,*)te for Gardening and Rural Art everywhere, md is an almo6t "i

indispensable aid to the Pomologiat, the lover of Flowers, the Country Gentleman, and S

all who feel the least interested in the cultivation of trees and plants, in the adornment of J

their i^ardena and grownde, or in the spread of a taste for Rural improvement To enlarge 'i

its influence, corresponding with this advance of taste, and the increasing number of cuK J

tivators throughout the country, is tlie object and ambition of the editor, j

It will embrace, among other kindred aubjectfl, the following : —

The Kitchen Garden, ^

Reviews of Ilorticullnral Worka, !

Suburban Visits^ '
Foreign Notices,

Monthly Gossip, j

Replies to QuestlonSi i
Reporbi of Horttcultura] Societies.

The Progress of Horticulture,
The Science of Cultivation,
Descriplione of all New Fniita,
Deaeriptions of all New Plowera,
Descnptiona of all New Trees and Shrubs,
Poipological Gossip,
Land&cape Garde nmg^

And to faciliiate the labors of cultivators, a

IffontJily Calendar of Horticultural Gyrations

will be given in detail, and adapted to the wants of amateur cultivators, reminding them
of the routine of operations which are necessary to be performed in the Fruit Garden,
Flower Garden, Ornamental Grounds, Greenhouses, Grapery, and Kitchen Garden, through
the varying seasons of the year. In fine, giving all the information which the amateur
or the country gentleman requires to manage successfully the smallest or largest garden.

In the thirty volumes now completed, more than Mne Hundred Drawings of the
Ne weal and Finost Fruits have appeared, many of them in no other work, and upwarda
of Eighteen Hundred other Engravings^ illustrating the great variety of subjects treated
upon. No pains will be spared to render tho Magazine what it has heretofore been —
the men valaable Horticultural periodical extant

Tbbms. Two Dollan a year, invariably in advance. Four copies to one adAuMf
Dollars.

HOVEY & CO.,
53 North Market Street, Boston,

Fifth Series, Vol I.

MAGAZINE

HORTIC ULTURE,

JOTANY,

AJfD AjLX* usaruL t>iscovi:rtes ajtd utFROYKUBirrd
JK EtTlAL AFFAIRS.

** J* ffludrftlv Aelufctifl«ir bant l^unlTDri Je man g^oilt pour 1e« JhnUnc. T1 me Htnb|« qn'U ««t

Pbdici &« LtOftK,

No. CCCLXIT,
APRIL, 1865.

EDITED BY C. M. HOVBY,

AUTHOR OP THE PRUITB OF AMBRICA.

vrnin or thi HomocLnnuL sooimis or oiROcniATi, sxw iutir, nv
BB>roit9, voiomu, aooHntiE, bottam, oiitiusd, wuhiicotov. ne. rc.

BOSTON:

PUBLISHED BY HOVEY & CO.

K NORTH MARKET 8TKERT, 0PP08ITB FANIETnl HALL-
TWO DOLLARS A TEAR.

VOL- XXXL

W^''

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

FIFTH SERIES, VOL. I -OR, VOL. XXXI.
Egtablifthed in 1835.

TERMS:

Orb Copt, one j^ear, invariably in advance, - - Two Dollars.
Pour Copies, " " « »* . . Seven Dollars.

Volume for 1863, Handsomely Bound in Cloth,

Two Dollars, Piftt Cents.
Volumes for 1860, '61, '62, '63, '64, bound, and
Subscription for 1865, -------- Fourteen Dollars.

Complete Sets, in 30 volumes, bound, . - - Fifty Dollars.
Magazine and IIorticulturist, one year.

Three Dollars, Seventy-Five Cents.
" " Gardeners' Monthly, one 'jear.

Three Dollars, Seventy-Five Cents.
" " the Two Magazines, Five Dollars, Fifty Cents.

Single Copies, Twenty Cents.

A full set of the Magazine forms a complete Encyclopedia of Horti-
culture, embracing every subject connected with the Garden, and is a

Library in itself. Address,

HOVBY & CO., Publishers,
53 North Market St., Boston.

CONTENTS.

1. American Pomological Society, ----- 97

2. Evergreens. By George Jaques, Worcester, Mass. - - 108

3. Arboricultural Notices, 116

4. Pomological Gossip, - - - 117

5. The Wigandia. By the Editor, 122

6. Reviews, 125

7. Horticultural Operations for April, 126

Cash Advertising Terms for 1865.

One page, each insertion, $20 00. Half page, each insertion, $10 00.
Less than half page. 25 cents per line, each insertion.
3d and 4th Cover pages, $30 per page.
Each page contains 85 lines of space. No discount allowed from these
rates.

Advertisements, to insure insertion, should be sent to the publishers by
the 22d of the month preceding that in which they are to appear. Ad-
vertisers will please specify uie amount of room they wish their adver-
tisements to occupy, and the number of times to be inserted.

Address HOVEY & CO.,

53 North Market Street, Boston.

fS^ The Postage on the Magazine is li cts. if paid in advance, quar-
terly ; 12 cts. a year.

H. W. DuTTOH fr Sov, Pftnmfts,
W Mud 92 WMhlngton BtrMt, Boiton.

JkkmMmg Sheet eftke Mag. •/ Hertieulhtte.

SUMMER BEDDING PLANTS.

HOVEY Sc 00.

Hivf t ifaie, luge and bMlthj itookof dl ihB popakr Beidinf Pliiit% iieliidiiig the new
and nie ▼ariedafy which thej ofe at the Ibltoinaf piie«f :

rxa DOS.
4 00
300
1 50
450
500
300
750
600
600
400
400
300
600
300
300
350
4 00
300
300
300
300
300
350
1 50
1 50
300
350
300
300
300
300
300
HOO
1 50
3 50
300
300
3 00
300

Pdargontams, 50 aplendid varietiaai

Verbenaa, 100 best Darned varietlea,

Yerbenaa, witboot nainea, all colors,

Verbenas, thirty new varieties of 18

Dahlias, newest varieties, . • • •

Dahlias, older varieties, all good, ...

Roses, Hybrid Perpetuals on their own lOOtSy

Roses, Tea, Bengal and Noisette,

Roses, Bourbon, of several kinds,

Tree Carnations, 15 of the finest varieties, •

FMstaa, 30 fine varieties, • • .

Chniese Chryaanthemoms, 50 varieties,

Gbinese ChrysanthenMinis, new varieties of 1865^ •

Phknes, 30 fine varieties, ...

Veronicas, • • • - .

Zooale Geraniams, many very fine varlides»

Variegated Geraninma, do do -

Petonias, 520 of the finest varietiea,

Ltntanas, 15 of the best varieties,

Shrubby Calceolarias, 3 varieties,

Tropsoloms, 6 fine varieties, . • •

Heliotropes, 10 fine varieties, ...

Pannes, fine seedlings, . • • •

Capbea platyeentra, . • • •

Nerembergia gracilis and grandiflora,

Allovsia citriodora, or Lemon Verbena,

Doable Stocks, in a varie^ of colors,

Diines, several beautiful varieties,

Cdeos Verachafifeltii, a beautiful foliaged plant, -

Lgrcbnis grandiflora, with orange scarlet flowers, S

Sedum cameum variegalnniy . • .

Gaania spleodens, very showy, . . .

FevsHew, DoQble, . . • .

Ds^k §mmhif Zimaas, ia a variety of celow, •

Sshias, 4 varieties, scarlet, crimson and blue,

Vsricmted Sweet AllysmB, . . .

Doobie Sweet Allysum, a very beautiftil plant,

lyehals viscaria pleno, douhle and beaotinil,

fosvaidisa, 6 fine kin^ very brilliant and ahowy, .

Pbali mMf

WHiSMuiy ether showy and dedrahle plants ibr the summer garden,
ftrwarded to all parts of the country.

HOVEY & CO.
58 NoBTS lU&UT Stv*-

HandBonays OnMuaental 4Blinibs.

HOVEY &r CO.

Offer for Mle a flue stock of the foHowin^ beamlfu! ^robs and Plants :

Deolda eranata flsre plei»i (DraMa)

A doable Tahiti)' «f tto 0Mrt2iiH ^erteeHy bard^» gtowi^ 8 to 4 feel kigfa, prodeeiaf
lonff racemes of doable white flowers delicately tinted with rose. It is one of tiie most
bcMaUfol aiid Taloable shrubs recently introdaeed. 50 cts. to 91.00 each.

Daphne cneoran,

An old bnt veiy litUe known plant, perfeotiv hardy, evergreen, growing abonta foot
high^ fod forming a dense, pretty bush, coverea with clasterf of bright rose fleweis of a
most d^htfhl odor, and blooming fh>m spring till antnmn. It forms one of the finest
shrafcs wr the garden. $1 to (^ each.

Japan Variegated Hdseysneklep

LomccaA Auuee asTicuLaTA.
Intsodaced from Japan by Mr. Fortune, and has proved qoite haidy ill our oMnatb. It
is a Slender twining plant, with roundiib oval teaves of a eisar greao. distMOtiy i^ined
with Ugllt yellow, giving it a higblv atttaetive and mawtH sjppesrance* Flowms yoDtowish
whilSi, sttd delicioasly fragrant 50 cts. to $i each.

Thnjopsia dolabnta»

Obe df the most beaotiflil of Japanese coniferous trees, which has proved entirely
harder in our climate. Il grows rapidly and fcMrms a large tree, with a vety deep green
foliage, Mnd elegant habtt Yoang trees, US each.

Thujopsis dolabrata vaiiegatai

A Blast remarkable varie^ted variety of the T. dolabrata. with the same eiega^t fol-
iage distinctly variegated with silver, very ornamental. It is equally as hardy as the
pueni 9^ each. *

Cupressos Lawseniana.

A splendid coniferous tree, perfectly hardy, with a beantifol habit, and slightly droop-
ing branches. Voang trees, 91 to $3 eaclu

VAN BURGlf'S

CK>LDEir DWARF PSAOH.
HOVEY & CO.

Ofibr forsale a few trees of this new PeaoK described in the Mngiiine of HoeticoUnre

for ld61« p. llOl

As an ornamental tree, there is nothing of its size more beantifbl. It is prodigiooslv
iftDlifiQt and in qnalily of fimit k hs« few tf any snpesioiis. The ftait is-veiy etnaueottl,
Deinff above medium size, of a golden yellow coloi^ with a rich mottled carmina cheek.
The leaves add much to its beauty, being very large, cfoseljr set, of a deep green coioi>
and hang on much, longer than other peach leaves. The tree seldom attains a growth of
more thau 8 f^t i^ hdgfat, but the buds are so close together that one of these little trees,
loaded with fruit, would aJqupst remind the beholder of an immense bunoh of vary large
fAftH T1»tfl(^1lfff<)iM%, having shown no signs of decay. Trees «IJM> each.

A O m 4im0§ Siftt *f Urn ifrg. if girttorfftiiw. \

SPLENDID NOVELTIES.

New WMte Dielytra.

We take much pleuure in announcing to our patrons that, ailer several inefibctual
Ktenpts, we bate succeeded in nrocuring Uiik desinble plant, t vikiU imtm^ of |b« w4V
known Did^fthi tptdabilis^ which it resembles in every respect, with the eK c ep ti nn of
lol«r of the flower, whichu on first cxpaiidiof , is of jNire toiW^ afterwards ich^^fiQg lo «
Wf deKail4 9Ha4$ of 6/iirt, foimintf a beaatifiil csotm^ to the frigital vaiie^^

Plants ready for delivery the 20tb of April, at $aOO each, or two planU for #5.00.—
Mailed postpaid.

Lilhrni Auratiim4

■EW OOLDEV STBIPEB LILT niOH J At AS.

This IB described thus bj Dr. Undlev, in the lAndop Qurdenars' Chrooicle: ** If e? er a
Hover merited the name of glorious, it Is this, which stands far above all Other W^
vbetber we reffard its sixe, its sweetness, or its exquisite arrangement of color. Prom
tin delicious flower there arises the perfuma of orange blossoms sufficient to All a large
nMD, but so deUcata as to respeet the weakest nerves." It is quite hardy, and deserves
a fUee in every coIlectioB. Flowering Bulbs mailed to any address upon receipt of $5^00.

Address

B. K. BLiISS,

April fipwuevistl, Mass.

The True Oape Cod Qranberry,

For Bptioc planting, (April, May and June), far UplaBd or Garden oukOM, and f»
flvanps. Uoder iny method ef cultivatioo, the jield last season oa vidand was over 40i
hsbels per acre. Explicit directions Ibr eakivation, with prises of plants, a»d Nvnery
G^tak)gne of Seeds, Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Ever g rss a s, dtc, complete,
viU be sent to any address.

B. M. WATSON,

'eb. 3t Old Colomt Nurseries, Fi.Tia>irrH, Mass.

Carriage Paid to Baton and New York,

500,000

Large and fine ornamental TRESS, EVERGREENS, SHRUBS, HEDGE PLANTS,
kc^ including the finest ki^ds of A«h, Beech, Elm, Larch, Lindens, Fringe Trees, Mag-
nolias, Ma^ss, Oaka, Fwes, Firs, Spruces, Silver Firs, Arbor Vitn, Maheniss. ^iAi.4ui.
' These can be furnished in all sizes from 2 to 3 feet, to IS to 15 feet in height.

Also, Fruit Trees, die. of all kinds. Priced Descriptive Catalogues will be sent te any
iddiess.

B. M. WATSON,

Peb. 3t Old Colony NintSEBiEs, Pltvodtb, Mass.

BY MA.IL.

ntESH GARDEN SEEDS of aR kinds, in large or small quantities ; the new Qrspes»
Corvsnts, Strawberries, &o. ; also. Cuttings, Scions, &c.y prepM by maU.
Priced Descriptive Catalogues will be sent to any address.

B. M. WATSON,
"^Jqft.'V* ,;.3i Old CoiONT Nurskiiies, rtTjcouTH, Ma8s«

4 AiMTiMmg Skeei of ike Mag. •/ H^nk^tUuN.

PEA R tr ees!

EXTRA SIZED STANDARD PEAR TREES,
Medium Sized do. do.

EXTRA SIZED DWARF PEAR TREES,
Medium Sized do. do.

Second Sized do. do. Cheap.

A large and superior lot of the above are offered at low rates, fob
CASH, by the subscribers.

H. £. HOOKER <c OO.,

Commeroial Htmeries, Boohester. H. T;

P«b. 1865. at

Chrape Vi nes for Vineries.
Hovxrsr * oo.

CMfer for fa1« one of the largest and meet complete colleotioM of Foreign Giafea

in Ihn eonntrf, embraoing eferjr popular ?arieCy of merit, all raised ftom ejee tnm

our own beanng vinea» aM tnie to name, aa foUow■^—

Kaek Hamborgh, Canadian Chief,

Black Hamburgh, Wilmot'a No. 16, Muscat de Sarbelle,

Black Hambuigh, Wilraof s, Muscat Madeira,

Victoria, Muscat St LAurent,

Mill Hill Hamburgh, Purple Sweet Water,

White Frontignan, Champion Hamburgh,

Grizzlj Frontignan, Muscat of Alexandria,

Black Frontignan, Tottenham Park Muscat,

Chasselas of Fontainebjeau, Macreadv's Early White,

Black Prince, Zinftndaf,

Lorobardr, White Nice,

West's St Peters, Reigne de Nice,

Gros Bleu, Syrian,

Barbaroesa, White Tokar,

Muscat ^ano Hatif, Golden Hamburgh,

Bowker, Pope Hamburgh,

Treatham Blaek, Austrian Muscat

Muscat Hamburgh, Prolific Sweetwater,

Boweod Muscat, Caillaba,

Rojal Muscadine, Richmond Villa,

ChaptaL Trebbina,

Ladj Downes, Marchioness of Hastingiy

Moranot, Canon Hall Muscat
Decandolle,
Fine strong vines, one apd two years o}4» in pots, ready for unmeijiate plaatiiig.

Prices on appUcation. 53 No»Tff M^WtPtr- SmrtPT?

THE ADIRONDAC CRAPE.

HOVEY & CO.
HiTO bMu appointed Agents ttir the Sale of thia JTew and
Superior Variety.

The etrliett and best American Gripe kaown, ripening two weeka earlier than any
odber food Grape. Poe aoagu n a moit deliciooa flavor, in fact almost equal to the moal
Uieate hothooae grape. It originated at the baae of the Adirondac Ran^ of moantaipa,
oatbe fliKne of Lake Champlam. It k beljeved to poaeeM all the req«iisitei to eetaUiali
iti character aa the

EARLIEST AND BEST NATIVE QRAPE.

It wu awarded the FiasT prize in New York aa the finest Grape, and the FiatT priae
ii Cle?elaDd, Ohio, aa the best Ghrape exhibited.

Strong Plants, No. 1, 2 jeara, ... each ^ 00
Smalfer " "a,"** . - - **400

Strong " " 1. 1 " . . - " 3 00

Smaller «•*»,"«--. " 2 00

The Vines are all cat baek to three or four ejes.
VhMs will be carefbllj packed and forwarded by Elzpreas. Small packagea (less thaa
oaa poand) can be sent bj mail at one eent per oa., to any part of the United States.
AddresS} with remittance,

HOVEY & CO., 53 NoaTB MAaxsT St.

NATIVE

SFEJIGREEN AND DECIDUOUS TREESL

§FViniidied in any qaantity, and of any movable aise, at ahoit notice. Thajr^dk
will be carefully taken up and laithfally packed and forwarded aa per order. flC
For pricea, send for a Catalogue to .SlT

W. MANN,

April-St BANGOR, ME.

TREES, PLANTS, SMALL FKUITS, BtJLBS, &o.
PBUEfCJd ft CO., Flushing, N. T., LinnsBan Nnrseries.

Prait Treea of all kinda, including extra collections of Peara, Plums and Cherriea. An
iasmiie variety of small Fnuta—SOO varieties of Native Grapes, 250 kinds of Straw-
Wrriea, 40 of Currant)B« 40 of Raapberriea, — 30 superior varietiea of Oaier Willows^
^Wvonog Shrubs and Herbaceoua Planta of all kinds ; 350 varietiea of Poonies| splen-
^eoUeraon of Bulbs; Foreign Grapea, Figa, Madeira Nuta, Paw.pawa, d^c Yellow
Ueart and Onion Seed. Priced Cataloguea sent Descriptive Cataloguea of Strawber*
iin,BBlbs, and Peonies. ApriL

DECORATING CEMETERY IXXTS, Arc

PBDrCE ft CO., Flushing, N. T.

J^ supply aasortraents of beautiful Shrubbery, Roaea, and Flowering Planta, for their
*«*Maent, carefully selected, for $10, $15, and ^0. F(»warded by express aa directed*
Jkawbraiai, Comota, Raapberriea, and Bkckberriea, the finest assortments Hot market
"Wfrtto^ yatlapawiu CatiAogues gratis. April.

I
6 Adverdstnff Sheet of ike Mag. of BMfM^Mirk

9ue aid leiitifiil Vtowew!

AND

NOVELTIES EOR 1865.

HOVEir Ac oo.

nrriTE THB ATTBNTtON OV CULTlYATORt TO TQKIR UIIMIVAUJBO COLr

LECTION OF

6EB1U1I, BELSUN, FRENCH, ENeUSH & AUBBICAN

SEEDS,

Inclading all the novelties worthy of attention, and comprising the

choicest varieties of

.BALSAMS, STOCKS, DOUBLE AND SINGLE

PORTULACAS, LANTANAS, LARKSPURS,

PETUNIAS, VERBENAS, TROP^OLUM,

DIANTHUS, ZINNIAS, &c..

AND ALL THE BEAUTirDL

FL0EI8TS' FLOWEES;

VI2.,

CINERARIAS, CALCEOLARIAS, COCKSCOMBS,

PANSIES, PELARGONIUMS, GLOXINIAS,

CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, PRIMULAS,

AURICULA SWEET WILLIAM.

GLADIOLUS, &c.

EXTUA PRIZE ASTER SEED.

We ofler our unecraalled colleetioiM of French Asters io all the tarletjr of Phron«,
Imbricated, Pompon, Pyramidal, &c., of oar own growth, the Aster harin^ been aiftde t
speciality of cultivation Ibr more than twenty-five years, daring which period oar io^^en
nave been exhibited before the Massachosetts Horticultural Society, and have been a«v«i4'
ed the following prizes :

PiEST Prize, in 1841, '4% '43, '44, '40, '48, '49, '51, '52, '56, '57, '00, '61, 'eS, and «.

Sieom pAiBB, in 1846, '56, and '59.

16 Beautiful Vaneties id sealed packets, - • f 1 50

)Q «* <»•«♦< u . - 1 as

8 « 4« «t « ti . * 1 00

Descriptive Catalogae of Seeds for 1863-64, with Supplement for 1865, forwarded to
«U aeplioaiits. Also, Desoriptif« Cataloguee of Fruit Trees, OmanMOtal Tnm wad
Bhtviu, Oreenbonse Plants, issoed separately, aad forwarded with the Seed Catalc^Hfti

upon the recMpt of a 3 cent stamfw Addreia,

HO¥EY &; CO., Boifam.v

Mmimaf Sbe«i qf th» Mag. itfMoriieuHmt.

HARDY AMERICAN PLANTS.

RHODODENDRONS AND AZALEAS.

HOV^EY & CO.

OFFER FOR SALE

A UUICE AMD SUPERIOR^STOCK OF THESE
mAONIFICENT SHRUSS,

Comprifiing many thousand Seedlings,

Baised firom the most beautiful hybrids, and all perfectly hardy,
having been grown in the open spround from five to ten years,
without the least protection.

Tbe plants are fine bushy specioienB, the Icrger nzes corered with flower bndi, which
win bloom profaeelv the present season, as they transplant with perfect sdety aiid witti-
oit iojaiT to their imwtamm.

ALSO,

Kalmia latifolia, of all sizes^

FULL OF FLOWER BUD6.

nuenniflsftoai f9 to 95b A fbw eztra^sized specimens, $5 to 095 each.
Addms,

HOVEY & 00^

ftS HORTH MARKKT STaSBT, BOSTOV.

-- - -I - - ■ ■ ■ - — _■-,....,,■■ - . . _

ITEW DWARP PEA.

HOVEY k CO.

Offer lor sale tbe new and superior pea, called

Glowing only one foot high, bnnchintf and formhtf an erect dense bush. The pea is
^ the lirgest size, of a bloeish tinge, snghtly shrivelled, and as sweet and delicioos as
IbtAaso^ioo of England, without tbe toagh skin of that'variety. Medium early. It is
•Hfiudiittiiiia, aad a new, valuable, and superior pea. ▲ single row, planted one ibot
lidLfflIJa th« j»wa.fi^ wide and one ^ Uk smtll quandtir oT tM«

^Sitf% cKed &r4dft at«l per quart

8 Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of HortieuUure.

THE FRAMINCHAM CRAPE.

HiOVE^X" &; CO.

BATB THB PLBASUBB OV OVVBBIKO TO 017LTITAT0BS THIS

TAIiVABLE WEW HARDT «RAPE,

Raiied by Mr. J. 6. Morneberg of Sazonville, Maflt.^ who exhibited splendid spocimeos
before the Massachosetts Horticaltural Society, which attracted maeh atteotioDt and
elicited the followinff notice by Hon. J. S. Cabot, Chainnui of the Committee on Fralts,
in his annaal report tot 1863 : —

Specimens of the Framingham Seedlin|r, a new grape, raised by J. 0. Momeberg of
Sazonville ; has a round ben^, of good size, black color, with a dne bloom ; said to be
a very strong grower, not subject to mildew, or to drop its fruit, and to be early.

The Framingham is a superior grye, as early as the Hartford Prolific, which was shown
attiM same time, and withbonchM as large and handsome as the Isabella, which it msiwn
bles in appearance and quality, having ue same brisk vinous flavor. The vine is a re-
markably stronf^ and vigorous grower, with large, thick fdiage, resisting the attacks of
mildew ; and for earliness, productiveness, and hardiness may be safely pionoanced a
valuable addition to our native grapes.

3 year old vines, very strong, $2 each, $18 per dozen.
2 year old vines, very strong, $H each, $12 per dozen.

Vines saiUy packed and forwarded to all parts of the counUy.

lONA ANB ISBAELLA 0£AP£S.
HOVEY &7 CO-

53 North Market Street, Boston,

Offer for sale these two new varieties, which have been pronounced, by all who bava
tested them, superior grapes^ and worthy of general introdoction. They are deeeribed
as follows : —

loNA. Bunch and berries large, of a delicate pink or wine color, and possessing a rich,
brisk, and vinous flavor: vines healthy and hardy, ripening just altar the Delaware, and
very prodactiv& Plants fft each ; 018 fmr dozen.

IsRABLLA. Bunch six inches long, with a shoulder; berries large, black: every waj a
most excellent grw^ ripening as early as the Hartford ProlifiCi and far surpassing it in
quality. Plants |S each ; $18 per dozen.

ALSO,
(Ravelling, Hartford Prolific^ Rogers' Nos. 4 and 15, Winchester, Union ViUafa,
Diana, Rebecca, and other grapes.

NEW STRAWBERRY.

THE AGRICULTURIST.

HOVEY & CO.

Are now prepared to receive orders for this new variety, which is stated to be one of
the largest of strawberries. The plants will be ready for delivery in March, and will be
well established in pots, at 75 cents each, or $8 per dozen. Plants fW>m the open gmmd,
in Apdl, as follows :—d plants, #1.90; 6pluiCs, #8; It plants, #6.

AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

The proceedings of the last session (the 10th) of the Amer-
ican Pomological Society, held in Rochester in September,
1864, have been published, and form a volume of nearly two
hundred pages, including tl)e Catalogue of Fruit, revised
and brought up to the year 1865. The meeting at Rochester
was well attended by members from the Middle and Western
States, but the attendance from New England was smaller
than usual. The exhibition of fruits was very good, consid-
ering the season, and the variety of grapes not only much
larger, but better than in previous years, showing conclusively
the interest taken in grape culture. Of now fruits, the num-
ber was small.

The volume has, we presume, been brought out under the
superintendence of Mr. Yick, the industrious Secretary, who
seems to have done the work thoroughly, and with great
credit to his taste and intelligence. Tlie report of the discus-
sions is, in the main, correct, considering the hurried maimer
in which many of the remarks were made from the want of
more time. The State and local reports, which were few in
number compared with some previous years, have been, as
they were in the last volume, omitted, the substance of them
having been incorporated into the Fruit Catalogue, which has
been completely revised by the chairman, P. Barry, Esq.
This has been a laborious work, requiring great attention, but
it has been cheerfully undertaken and thoroughly done. It
now exhibits, in a tabular and condensed form, the aggregate
of the entire results of the Society's discussions, as'well as the
substance of all the reports which have been made to the So-
ciety since its organization. Those who wish to know the
details can consult our previous volumes, or the Society's
reports, but the revised Catalogue gives the results.

Owing to the long and continued illness of the President,
Ool. Wilder, he was unable to be present, and a letter from
him was read to the Society. His expected annual address

VOL. XXXI. — ^RO. IV. 7

98 THB MAGAZINE OP HOBTICXTLTUBB.

was therefore lost, much to the regret of all. In consequence
of his absence, his place was filled by Vice President Dr. John
A. Warder, of Ohio, who discharged the duties of the office
in his usual urbane and courteous manner, to the entire sat-
isfaction of the members. On taking the chair, he congratu-
lated the members present on the favorable auspices under
which they were assembled in the goodly city of Rochester,
for the promotion of the noble objects for which the associar
tion was organized.

Committees were then appointed for facilitating the pro-
ceedings of the meeting, and, among others, a committee
who reported the order of business, and suggested topics for
discussion. The order of business, after reports of yarioasi
committees, was the ^^ discussion of the lists of apples, pears,
peaches, plums, cherries, grapes, and small fruits," with re-
marks on the adaptation of soils to peculiar varieties of fruit.
It is to these discussions that we shall confine our remarks,
leaving the various subjects of cultivation, &c., to another
opportunity to bring before our readers. Our resumi must
necessarily be brief.

APPLES.

Ben Davis. Mr. Nelson, of Indiana, would like to hear
about this promising apple. He regarded it as the most de-
sirable for Indiana. Mr. Bateham, of Ohio, did not think so
highly of it. Dr. Warder said it was cultivated as the New
York pippin. Mr. Barry had never fruited it ; he thought it
promising. Mr. Nelson thought it more productive than any
variety he cultivated, as did Mr. Edwards of Missouri. Keeps
till February ; keeps in Indiana till May. Its flesh resembles
Smith's Cider ; rarely has an imperfect apple. Its name was
recognized by the Society as Ben Davis.

Bachelor's Blush. Considered by Mr. Parry, of N. Jer-
sey, a valuable apple, similar to Maiden's Blush, though dis-
tinct. J. J. Thomas thought it might be identical. Referred
to the committee on native fruits.

Princely. Described by Mr. Parry as of first quality.
Medium to large ; tender and pleasant ; subacid ; ripe from
September to Jan. ; from Bucks Co., Pa. Mr. Noble of Pa.
thought it excellent, but it has not been recommended iu

IPBIL. 99

either of the reports from Pa. or N. Jersey. Mr. Parry taid
it was because it was not known.

Cheney. Presented by P. B. Mead, who said it was from
the Cheney farm in Mass. Sept. and Oct. Referred to the
committee on fruits.

LiPPiNCOTT Sweet. Considered by Mr. Parry to be one of
the best sweet apples, good size, very productive, and keeps
well till spring.

Cogswell and Ohio Nonpareil. These two were exhibited
by Mr. Bateham to show they were distinct. Mr. C. Downing
said they were entirely distinct — no similarity in tlie growth
of the trees.

Gbimbs Golden Pippin. Extensiyely cultivated in East-
em Oliio. Mr. Marshall said it originated in Virginia. Sea-
son, Jan. to A[H*il. Mr. C. Downing thought it promising*

KiNQ OF Tompkins Co. Mr. Nelson said* it did finely in
Indiana. Produces every other year ; dr<^ badly, but oth-
erwise excellent. Highly esteemed by D. Harkens of Pa.
and Wm. Bort of Michigan. Langworthy of N. York, said it
was productive and of fine size ; some thought it the best ap-
ple in the country : bears regularly with him. Bateham of
Ohio said it was not sufficiently productive, and drops badly.
Carpenter of N. T. and Parry of N. J. did not get a satis-
factory crop. Mr. Ellwanger said it dropped more on young
trees than on old ones. J. J. Thomas said the King only
yielded about two thirds as much fruit as the Baldwin. Mr.
Wier of Illinois said it was a splendid grower, hardy, fruit
large, and of the finest flavor, bearing young. Dr. Sylvester
said it was a uniform bearer, and if it did not yield as much
as the Baldwin, this is made up by tlie ettra price.

Southebn Apples. Judge Hoadly, of Ohio, wished to know
about Southern apples. C. Downing said Magnum Bonum
was a fine winter apple. Dr. Warder stated that many of
them were old friends with a new name. The Pennock came
back as the Bed Ox.

Milam. Thought by Judge Hoadly to be the best baking
apple. Dr. Edwards, of Missouri, agreed with Judge H.
Warder and Bateham did not regard it so much.

f ALLENWijjDSR, or Fallawater. Mr. Noble of Pa. regard-

100 THB MAOAZINB OP HORTICULTURE.

ed it as a good apple. J. J. Thomas said it diminished m
size and quality as far north as Western N. Y. Dr. Beadle
of Canada said it was of fair size, but of inferior flavor. Hr.
Paul of Mass. said it was second rate. Dr. Warder said it
was one of the best frying apples. Mr. Beeler of Indiana
said the tree bore thirteen or fourteen years, and then dies.
Mr. Bateham of Ohio said it was brought into Columbus very
handsome, by a man who ripened it in the dark, and also ob-
tained a high price. Mr. Bort of Mich, stated it to be hardy
in the West.

RiDOB Pippin. Described by Mr. Parry as a good, late win-
ter apple, keeping till June ; turns as yellow as an orange in
May : a good grower and good bearer. From Bucks Co., Pa,

WiGBNEB. Mr. Nelson of Indiana said it was an excellent
as well as a profitable apple in the West. Mr. Bort said it
was good in Micfugan ; Mr. Paul, in Massachusetts, and Mr.
Price, valuable in Pennsylvania. Judge Hoadly of Ohio said
it bears early and well, but rather leathery ; and Muir of Mis-
souri said it did well and bore early ; but was a second-rate
fruit, though handsome and highly esteemed.

Brbnneman and Klapboth. C. Downing said the Elap-
roth was a very fine fruit, and Mr. Hooper of Pa. thought
these two of the finest fruits, and bring the highest price in
tlie Philadelphia market.

Cornell's Fancy. Mr. Noble of Pa. said it was an excel-
lent apple, not much known.

Jeffries. Mr. Hooker of Rochester said this was hand-
some, pleasant, and ripe in September. Hooper of Pa. said
it specked badly, and falls prematurely. Mr. Hoag of N. Y.
had fruited it, and thought it a very fine apple indeed.

Evening Partt. Pronounced, by Mr. Noble of Indiana, a
very handsome, fine apple, but too small for market. 0.
Downing knew but liitle of it, and that little was favorable.

Northern Spt. Quite a discussion took place in regard to
this variety. Nelson said it improved with age ; had a fine
crop last year, but would not recommend it for extensive
planting. Mr. Marshall of Oliio concurred. Muir of Missouri
said it was unprofitable in his State. Carpenter of N. Y. said
itiiad been largely planted at the East, but is not regarded

APRIL. 101

with favor. Trees, fifteen years old, have produced nothing.
Paul of Mass. said it was a healthy tree, a good grower, and
when once in bearing produces well. Bort of Mich, said that,
since the trees began to bear, it had given very general satis-
fiiction. Dr. Sylvester of N. Y. said it bore late, but uni-
formly a good bearer in alternate years. It is one of the best
of apples, and keeps till May. It is necessary to thin the
branclies, and, when bearing heavily, to thin the fruit, or it
will be inferior.

Cooper's Redlin, which Barry said was the same as Coop-
er's Red Market. Parry said it was esteemed highly in New
Jersey, and keeps till May and June. Bort of Mich, recom-
mended it, and thought it would prove valuable. Hooker of
N. Y. said it was highly esteemed by the market growers ;
oolors 'finely, and is thought saleable in April and May ; of
Mr quality, and he thought a profitable apple for cultivation.

Monmouth Pippin. Carpenter of N. Y. said it was a fine
apple, and likely to be popular ; will probably be substituted
for the Newtown Pippin. Parry of N. J. said it did well, as
did aho Parsons of L. I., Hoopes of Pa., and Ellwanger of
N. Y. Mr. Nelson of Ind. did not regard it so highly. Dr.
Warder thought it could never drive Peck's Pleasant out of
the market. Harkens of Pa. said its productiveness and
fairness may cause it to be substituted for the Newtown Pip-
pin, but in quality it is not to be compared with it.

RiBSTON Pippin. R. Buist of Pa. had known it fifty years.
Does not do well in warm climates; ripens prematurely;
thought it valuable at the North. Dr. Beadle of C. W. said
it was a fine apple there. A gentleman shipped it to Scot-
land last fall, with the Newtown Pippin, and obtained the
same price for it, $15 per bbl. Nelson of Ind. said it was a
beautiful apple, but would not do to recommend for his State.
Tliomas recommended it as sometimes fine. Dr. Warder said
in Southern Ohio they rarely get it in good condition.

GRAPES.

We regret that our space does not allow us to copy the dis-
cussion on grapes entire ; but as it occupies upwards of twenty
pbgcs it will be seen that it would fill more than half of the

102 THB MAOAZINB OF HOBTICULTUBB.

Magazine. We shall endeavor to give the substance of tb6
Report. All the varieties were discussed with the specimens
before the members.

Adirondac. Dr. Beadle asked if it was hardy, as his young
vines had been killed. Mr. Thurlow of Mass. left his young
vines uncovered in the winter of 1868-64, with the thermom-
eter as low as 15° below 0, yet it bore well last year. Mr.
Moody said it was about ns hardy as the Isabella. Herendeen
of N. Y. said that because a year-old vine was winter killed,
was BO test of its hardiness. Campbell of Ohio had lost some
of his vines, and thought it ratlier tender. Thermometer 16^
below zero, and all grapes injured. Enox of Pa. said bis
vines went through the winter well vrith the mercury at 7®
below 0. Hovey of Massa found a one-year planted vine quite
hardy without protection ; gave an account of his visit to Mr.
Bayley's grounds, where he saw the Adirondac in all stages
of growth, and found it a little more forward than the Hart-
ford Prolific : thought it quite es hardy as Isabella or Diana.
Mr. Bailey of N. Y. said he covered all his vines, and did not
claim that the Adirondac was any hardier than the Isabella,
while it was as free from mildew as any grape he had. Vines
stand the sun well, and the fruit hangs well on the bunch :
with him, it was a few days earlier than the Hartford Prolific.
The vine retains its foliage until the grapes are thoroughly ripe.

Cbevelling. a cluster of this grape exhibited was black
and fully ripe, but quite loose in the bunch. Knox said he
had seen much better bunches. Not quite so early as Hart^
ford Prolific : flavor fine. Hooker of N. Y. called the speci-
men a good one ; it was early, productive, hardy, and valuable
for home cultivation ; but such bunches would not sell in the
market : berries hang well. The form of the bunch is of the
greatest consequence ; the looseness of the Crevelling is en-
tirely a characteristic one, and he did not believe age would
improve it. Mead considered it a good early grape, superior
to Hartford Prolific, and he was surprised that any one should
say it will not sell when the Hartford Prolific will : thought
they were not good samples. He wished to give his testimony
to the effect that the Crevelling was every way qualified to
supersede the Hartford Prolific. Harkins of Pa. thought it

APBIL. 103

irould be a popular grape ; and though its buuches were not
compact, it would bear as great a weight of fruit as the Hart-
ford. Hoopes said his experience with it was limited ; but
he never saw such loose bunches exhibited before : had seen
it as compact as the Isabella. Its berries did not drop. He
liked it. Bergen and Sylvester concurred with Mr. Hooker.
Huir said that in Missouri its leaves burn badly. Edwards of
Mo. said it grew rapidly and did not drop its leaves more than
other sorts. Carpenter of N. Y. said he had none, among
thirty varieties, that was more promising ; grew rapidly, but
was not quite as early as he anticipated. Downing said that
as tlie vines get age, the fruit ripens earlier. Woodward of
N. Y. had fruited it three years ; had seen as fine bunches on
it as he ever saw on any grape — full as fine as lona. Mr.
Hovey concurred with Hooker, Tlie time had gone by when
we should value a grape simply from its earlinees : the loose
bunch was a defect which must be considered in the estimate
of a new grape. The looseness of the bunch was also con-
fessed by Messrs. Hoag, Seelye, and Campbell.

Union Village and Ontario. Pronounced identical, and
the Society voted to drop the name of Ontario. Mr. Knox
regarded it as one of the most profitable market grapes; sold
at 50 cts. per lb. : he could protect an acre of grapes for $5.
Mr. Mead preferred the Union Village to the Concord. Field
thought it as bad as the Isabella. Nelson regarded it as a
valuable grape, though not as valuable as the Concord ; a
man could raise 1000 lbs. of the Concord easier than he could
raise 100 of Union Village. Edwards of Mo. considered it
far better than the Isabella, which he had given up, but should
cultivate the Union Village as a market grape. Bergen had
not been successful with it. Carpenter said it had given him
great satisfaction. Hovey thought it too good a grape to reject,
was earlier than the Isabella, and would be ranked as one of
our excellent American grapes. Moody of N. Y. thought
that when its merits were known, it would be dropped as a
market grape. Downing said the berries dropped from the
bunch. Saunders of Washington thought we could get much
better grapes before we can get the Union Village.

104 THE MAGAZINB OF HORTICULTUBE.

Rebecca. Hovey of Mass. believed this to be one of our
fipest grapes, and he was glad to know it was improving in
habit and growth, as it was winning its way to favor in the
East. Was a better grower than the Delaware, and should
be put at the head of American grapes. Brooksbank of N. Y.
had propagated it ten years. As good a grower as the Dela-
ware, ripening a week later, and had never mildewed with
him : as hardy as Isabella : he protected his vines, as he did
all but the Clinton. Bergen did not protect his vines, and
he found the Rebecca slightly injured two years ago. The
fruit is good. Paul had ripened it in Mass. : quality the
finest, and keeps all winter. Brooksbank said it was not a
a shy bearer, but quite productive. Carpenter said it was
perfectly hardy with him, but not so strong a grower as the
Delaware. Field said it was better for stiflF soils than for sand.
Hooker said it was improving, but not a strong grower. Knox
called it a good grower ; and thought the feeble growth of
some vines was owing to forced propagation ; later planted
grew much better. Mead placed it high as an American
grape. Carpenter said it was growing popular in N. T. City
as a table grape.

Maxatawnt. Noble of Indiana said it grew better in city
gardens than in country vineyards. Hoopes considered it the
best white grape : later than Rebecca, but more valuable with
us; perhaps too late for the North. Campbell said the
bunches were loose, but that it was a stronger grower than
Rebecca. Parry thought it the most valuable white grape in
N. Jersey. Mead could not ripen it : a very good grape, but
ten days later than Rebecca, and no use to attempt to grow it
northwest and east of New York. Saunders said that in Wasli-
ington it was an early grape, ripening with the Delaware : a
strong grower, and he thought it would ripen anywhere with
the Isabella. Downing said it did not ripen with him.

loNA. Dr. Grant said this was the ninth year of its bear-
ing ; that it was supposed to be a seedling of the Diana. It
bore fruit in 1857, and ripened its fruit Sept. 1. Had never
been touched with rot or mildew ; did not protect his vines —
perfectly hardy : hardier in the leaf than any grape he knew :
extremely productive: has been grown from Delaware to

APBIL. 105

Vermont : ripens evenly, and at the same time as the Dela-
ware. Keeps any desirable length of time, until it dries into
raisins. Had never made wine from it. Downing had
fruited it three years. If it did as well the next three years,
he would consider it one of the best grapes we have in all
respects. Mead had fruited it in greater perfection than Dr.
Grant. Wood ripens thoroughly ; holds its leaves well ; free
from disease ; good healthy vine, and good grape.

IsRAELLA. Dr. Grant stated that the Israella ripens from
the surface towards the centre. [Qu. How do grapes gener-
ally ripen ?] It ripens earlier than any grape he has ever
cultivated, and keeps as well as any, with two or tliree excep-
tions. It keeps easily till the first of March. The Isabella
is probably its parent. The wood is hardy — never had any
protection ; is much earlier, — full two weeks, — than the Del-
aware. It is ripe and good to eat before the Hartford Prolific
has turned. It is the best early grape. The bunch is six
inclies long and shouldered on one side.

Diana. Knox had great regard for it ; is among the best
grapes : vine a little tender ; protect it and the tendency is to
over-bear; hence he is compelled to prune severely. He
would put it into a selection of five. A good table grape — a
good wine grape, and a good keeper. Field said it bore
sparsely with him ; did not fill tlie bunches well. Dr. Ed-
wards asked Mr. Knox if he summer pruned severely. Bort
said it did well in Western Michigan — ripens well — was ripe
two weeks ago, (Sept. 8). Dr. Grant said that for neatly
twenty years he had not failed to get a good crop. It becomes
good to eat early, but it is not perfectly ripe till late in the
season. Second only to the Delaware for wine.

Diana Hamburg. From Mr. Moore of Brighton, who
raised it from a Diana, fertilized with Black Hamburg. The
grape, when ripe, is dark crimson ; the sample not quite ripe.
Fruited out doors ; believed to be perfectly hardy. Mr. Mead
considered it a promising grape, and unmistakably a hybrid.

Rogers's Hybrids. Mr. Campbell thought them hybrids ;
regarded No. 8 as the best of them, and No. 4 the next best.
Thomas thought No. 9 earlier, larger, and handsomer thau
the Diana, though probably inferior in flavor. Campbell did

106 THEh MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

not think No. 9 so good as No. 8. Mr. Bergen had fruited
seventeen of these grapes ; had only found one, so far, that
he called good, No. 5. No. 44 was the earliest : 43, 41, 33
and 18 he marked as promising — 5 best flavored. Mr. Camp-
bell said his vines were unprotected ; No. 3 was the hardiest,
4 the next ; the others tolerably hardy : thermometer 16 to
16^ below zero. No. 15 suited many, but he did not like it
so well as No. 4, which was the most prolific of all, and a bet-
ter grape than the Concord. Bergen said visitors to his place
pronounced several of them to be superior to Concord or
Hartford Prolific. Mr. Barry said he had seen no evidence
that these grapes were hybrids. Mr. Hoag said No. 1 mil-
dewed. Not one of these ripened last year, (1863) ; No. 4
surpasses all others in cluster : there is not anything very
valuable about any of them. It was voted that the Fruit
Committee report at the next meeting such of these grapes
as really have merit, with names to be adopted with the con-
sent of Mr. Rogers.

To Kalon. Knox could not recommend it for general
culture. Merceron of Pa. said it rotted badly. Harkeus
could say nothing in its favor. Dr. Grant said that with its
disposition to rot it should be rejected. Hoopes had got only
one perfect crop in ten years.

Ltdia. Campbell said it was a good growing vine ; berry
large, bunches medium, quality like the Rebecca, fine flavor,
and ripens at the same time ; bears better, and is a stronger
grower — ^being larger than Rebecca, color green amber in the
sun. Mr. Mead had fruited it ; vine a good grower, and fruit
good — not first rate.

Allen's Hybrid. ,Mead considered it a good grape. It is
tender, sweet, and has a flavor that reminded him of some
foreign grape. Not to be recommended for general vineyard
culture : mildews where exposed. Would place it pretty high
on the amateur's list. Hovey said it had been before the
Mass. Hort. Society for ten years: a true hybrid: does not
mildew any more than the Hartford Prolific: is a superb
grape, and will do well wherever the Delaware and Rebecca
will succeed. Had more than met the expectations of cultiva-
tors. B, B. Prosser of N. Y. had fruited it ; exposed last

APRIL, 107

▼inter (1868) and uninjured : the leaf as hardy as Rebecca,
and a better grape. Downing said it was the earliest grape
he had, and kept well. Dr. Grant said it was as vigorous as
the Isabella — remarkably free from mildew. Grows better
and better : fine amber colored, and much better than Rebec-
ca. Hoag said it was as vigorous as Isabella. Mead did not
hesitate to recommend it, where it can be sheltered.

Miles. Mr, Downing thought it a good grower, early,
hardy, very productive, and fine flavor. Bergen said, of over
fifty varieties, this was the earliest. Hoopes said that he in-
troduced it eight years i^o; ripens last of August; is the
earliest grape, productive, and pleasant flavor.

CuTAHOOA. Campbell said it was too late, requiring a sea-
son full as long as the Catawba ; hardier than he expected.
Colman's White was the same. Mead said it was too late.
Harkens had not found it satisfactory ; did not ripen — only a
fox grape. *

Ivb's Madeira. Dr. Warder called it a hardy, productive
grape, and makes a delightful wine : growing in favor as a
wine grape.

Isabella. On motion of Mr. Field, (liis was ti^ansferred
from the list for general cultivation to that for special cultiva-
tion, on account of the disappointment received by many to
ripen it, only in favored localities.

Hartford Proupio. Knox of Pa. said it was the best
early grape he had thoroughly tried. Ripens the last of Au-
gust ; free from disease ; productive — 12 vines bore 626 Ibe. :
a good grape when perfectly ripe. The fi-uit does not drop.
Harkens said it fell from the bunch wherever he had seen it.
Field succeeded with it, and his friends liked it as an eating
grape. Knox remarked that, although he esteemed it, he
would not recommend planting it very largely. All in all,
no grape was so valuable for table and market as this.

Concord. Mr. Knox said nine tenths of his visitors pre-
ferred this to the Delaware : improves as you go south : makes
a good wine, though he did not consider it the best wine
grape ; Delaware makes a better wine. Saunders of Wash-
ington said it was excellent at Philadelphia, but better at
Washington, so that visitors preferred it to any other grape

108 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBmCULTUBB.

in its season. Edwards of Missouri said the Hartford Pn>-
lific and Concord sold in the St. Louis market at 40 cents a
pound — higlier than any other grape. The Concord sells
better with us than the Delaware. The Delaware has failed
to come up to our expectations as a wine grape. The Con^
cord will make a very exeellent wine in our region. The
Clinton is also one of the best wine grapes. The Concord is
certainly the grape for the million. Kelsey of 111. said tho
Concord is the market grape — is preferred by the side of the
Delaware. As a market grape it is ahead of all others. Mr.
Willard said, in what was known as the Military Tract, in his
State, the Order of ripening of grapes was very capricious*
This year the Delaware and Concord ripened at the same
time, 1st of Sept. ; Isabella a week later. Some seasons the
Catawba ripened before Isabella. Field said it was a fact the
million preferred the Concord and Hartford Prolific to the
Delaware. A New York wine importer Informed him that lie
had produced a perfect imitation of Slierry from the Concord
juice : buys all tiie Concords he can get for this purpose.
Bergen said last year his Concords rotted badly : had changed
his opinion in regard to the Concord in his locality. Hartford
Prolific did not rot beside it.

This ended the long discussion, which we have given as
fully as our space would permit, leaving out collateral matter,
but retaining the salient points of each speaker, so that their
views should not be misunderstood. The record of these
grapes over a wide section of country, by various cultivators
in various soils and localities, is more complete than has be-
fore been given. We only regret that we are compelled to
postpone a review of ^he other fruits till our next number.

EVERGREENS.

BT GEORGS JAQUES, WORCESTBR, MASS.

Whether for ornamental or for useful purposes tlie pecul-
iar value, here in the Northern States, of persistent as com-
pared with deciduous foliage seems not to be sufficiently

APRIL. 109

a^reciated. A prominent characteristic of the year, in this
section of the Union, is a long and rigorous winter. Through-
out tfew England, especially, except along the extreme south-
em boundary, for a period of nearly five consecutive months
out of the twelve, the roofs of buildings are more or less
covered with snow, out-door vegetation is dormant, the music
otthe feathered tribes is hushed, and a solemn, dreary silence
reigns over the face of nature. During nearly half the year
<mr deciduous trees, stretching their naked arms out into the
frosty air, have no more significance than a battery of quaker
guns, and, for any decorative efiect upon the landscape, might
as well be dead as alive. Yet our citizens, even those culti-
vated far beyond fiie mere prose of rural life, continue to
build their houses in imitation — sometimes in caricature — of
an architecture which is appropriate only where the orange
is an open-air fruit, as they still persist in planting tlieir orna-
mental grounds with an undue proportion of trees which, from
mid-autumn till late-spring, are annually stript of their glory.

Waiving for the present what might be urged in favor of
steep roofs, snug apartments, and not over extensive verandas,
as essential features of domestic architecture in a climate
like ours, a few remarks on the character, uses and cultiva-
tion of some of our best hardy evergreens, may not be wholly
uninteresting to those who read the Magazine of Horticul-
ture.

The great obvious advantage of this class of trees, over
those that shed their leaves in the fall, is their permanent
foliage, which exhibiting so many charmingly varied hues
during the season of its most rapid growth, continues through-
out the year only a degree less beautiful than it appears in
May and June. This should be understood as an argument
for the more general, but not for the exclusive use of ever-
green trees in the decoration of out-door scenery. The leaf-
less branches of the deciduous class of trees, indeed, have
always a certain ornamental value, even while winter " rules
the inverted year," and, mingled with evergreens, they serve
to relieve somewhat the monotony of the landscape. In
addition to their persistent leaves, trees of the evergreen
fiunily are often loaded with snow, or spangled with ioe,

110 THE MAGAZINE OP HOBTICULTUBE.

for days together daring our long winters ; and then, wlule
drooping beneatli this weight, they present, in the sun-
shine, a gorgeous speetacle, with which Uie riohest tropieal
vegetation has nothing to compare. Evergreen hedges, fiEivor-
ably situated, exliibit this singularly beautiful appearance
sometimes for several weeks together, and thus occupy a high
ranlc among the few out-door objects which Uie eye rests upon
with pleasure during the colder half oi the year.

Omitting to notice any of those fine evergreens which
would be very desirable, had they stamina to bear our severe
climate, we have left, among others, the following hardy and
excellent varieties :

Abies. — Singly or in groups, in belts or hedges, for all
general uses, tlie Norway Spruce is entitled to head the lisL
Easily transplanted, patient under the shears, beautiful when
let alone, exempt from disease, uninfested by insects, this —
all tilings considered — is our mostyaluable evergreen. From
a national habit of growing in a conical form it is seen to the
best advantage standing alone on a close-shaven lawn, its
lowermost limbs spread out on the grass, and its feathery foli-
age so thick that no part of its trunk is visiUe. The Ameri-
can Double Black Spruce is easily distinguishable from the
Norway by its horizontal branches and the rich dark-green
hue of its leaves. As a single tree upon the lawn it some-
times produces a fine efiect, but, like otlier American ever-
greens, it is radier liable to become thin or bare near the
ground, — a habit which perhaps might be prevented by a
light annual shearing in a conical form, for five or six years,
begiilning with the season of its final transplantation. Its
best place, generally, is where it forms a component part of a
belt or group. The Hemlock Spruce, scarcely riyalled in
beauty by any known evergreen in the world, has been treat-
ed in this country with a strange neglect, partly from its
being so common in its uncultivated state, and partly from a
prejudice that it is a stubborn subject to manage. But these
objections are not entitled to consideration ; for, in the fir$t
place, the hemlock for decorative purposes, is not so common
as many others; and, secondly, under proper treatment,
there is no difficulty whatever attending its ctUtivation. We

APRIL. Itl

bare moved hundreds of liemlock trees without scarcely anj
fiailures. Our practice has been to take up tlie young plants
— six to twenty-four inches high — from an open field or the
southerly side of a wood, where they are exposed to the light,
and where the soil is sandy or loamy, and free from cobble
stones. Removing them at the usual time of spring trans*
planting, and even as late as the last of May, with as much
earth as possiUe adhering to their roots, and always on a
cloudy or rainy day in preference to fair weather, we have set
them almost on the top of the ground, in nursery rows, sub-
jecting them afterwards to the same treatment that other
evergreens receive. After two or three years, if the trees
were not large enough, or were not wanted for planting in
some permanent locality, we have found it of great benefit to
reset them in new nursery rows, with a view to prevent their
roots from ^reading too far for a safe transplanting at some
future time. The hemlock, until well established, is of ratlier
slow growth. Although it bears shearing well, and makes a
most beautiful hedge, its most effective position is where it is
grouped by itself, or along the borders of belts and groups
composed of other evergreen species. In order to produce a
sufficient branchiness near the ground, we have sometimes
had good success by planting two or three small hemlocks
crowded together in the same hole, and treating them after-
ward as if they formed but .a single tree. The hemlock sub-
mits very kindly to this often convenient expedient.

I'huja. — ^The American Arbor Vit» is a well-known tree
for screens, hedges and belts. The Siberian Arbor Yit»
(T. Siberica,) a less known smaller growing species, is more
dense and beautiful in its foliage, and is admirably adapted
to the purpose where a small, low hedge is desirable. We
have seen it very effective standing alone on a grass-plot or in
a flower garden, where a miniature evergreen tree was needed
to relieve a disagreeable monotony.

PiGBA. — ^The American Balsam Fir (P. Balsamea,) is a
poor tree, except posdbly in the interior of groups or wide
belts. The European Fir (P. pectinata), or Silver Fir, de-
serves a place in every large collection. Once established, it
grows well; but it is expensive^ difficult to transplant aod^

112 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBnCULTUBE.

from its extreme tendency to lose its leading shoot, does not
seem well suited for an exposed situation.

PiNUS. — The best-known tree of this family is the common
White Pine, which is easily transplanted, can be beautifully
thickened by shearing or sbortening-in, and is of great value
for extensive groups and belts. The Austrian Pine (P. Au&-
triaca,) with its long leaves and dark-green color, is also very
valuable for ornamental purposes. The Red Pine (P. resin-
osa,) common in Maine and Vermont, is a fine tree. The
Pinaster, or Cluster Pine, and the Scotch Pine are also desira-
ble in any large collection.

There are several other evergreen trees of greater or less
merit, as the White Cedar, and especially the Red Cedar, or
Savin, ( Juniperus virginiana,) which deserves to be planted
oftener in ornamental enclosures. The extremely varied col-
or of the leaves of the Red Cedar, and their russet and brown
hues intermingled with its blue berries, present a very pretty
appearance in the autumn.

Before offering any hints in regard to the treatment of
evergreen hedges, it may not be out of place here to say a
word or two concerning box edgings or borders. Occupying
the position of hedges, and like them also in the care which
they require, these evergreen borders, wherever a profession-
al gardener is not employed, are almost always suffered to go
unpruned, so that in a few years they become worthless for
any ornamental purpose. Like all other evergreens, these
box edgings ought always to be set in the spring, and, as in
the case of hedges or any other planting in a single line, the
soil must be equally deep and fertile from end to end of the
border, or a very disagreeable want of uniformity in the
growth of the plants will be the result. The most important
after-treatment of these borders consists in shearing them
every year, once in the spring and again in the latter part of
the summer. The summer pruning, however, will not in all
cases be necessary. It is always well to protect the box plant
from wind and sunshine, during the winter. This may be
easily accomplished by a covering of pine or spruce boughs,
straw, or the like. Drawing the adjacent soil entirely over
the borders with a hpe, so as to bury them out of sight, has

APBIL. 118

been often successfully practised. Cared for in this way, box
edgings may be kept handsome fifteen or twenty years, with-
out once re-setting. An excellent form to shear these bor-
ders into is that of a common brick lying on the ground.
The perpendicular sides and flat top of this shape are easily
made with a pair of common grass-shears.

For a small evergreen hedge, two to four feet high, the
Siberian Arbor Vitffi is a most beautiful plant. The shrubs
should be set equidistant from one another, the distance being
say from 12 to 20 inches, according to the supply of plants on
hand. For a larger hedge, use the Hemlock or the Apierican
Arbor Vitae, setting the trees one to three feet apart, accord-
ing to the supply. The Norway Spruce, while young, makes
a beautiful small hedge, and will grow to form a hedge, or
screen, of almost any desirable height and breadth. Where
a hedge of this noble tree is to be kept not above six feet
high, the plants ought to be about three or four feet apart.
Higher than this and with a proportionately broader base, the
plants may be four to eight feet apart. In some of the tall
Norway Spruce hedges which so admirably sheltered the gar-
dens of the late Mr. Gushing of Watertown, the trees were
even nine or ten feet apart. But whatever it may be, the dis-
tance between the plants should be the same from end to end
of the hedge; because uniformity, not variety, is essential to
the beauty of this branch of topiary art. For immediate
efiect, it is an excellent practice to set the plants at just half
the distances given above, and then, after three or four years,
every second plant may be taken out and used elsewhere.

It is very easy to see why there are so few fine hedges in
the country, where no professional gardener is kept to take
care of them. In most cases the soil from end to end of the
line 18 not properly prepared and made uniformly deep and
fertile, w The plants are often crowded together and never
afterwards thinned out. •Frequently an attempt is made to
produce an immediate effect by using plants of too large
size, and thus a good result is never obtained. More hedges,
however, are ruined by neglecting to prune them than by all
oUier causes combined. From their first setting out all hedg-
es ought to have at least one regular pruning — and two or

TOL. XXXI. — NO. IV. 8

114 THE MAGAZINB OF HOBTICULTURB.

three would be better — every year, the most important and
indispensable clipping being that which the plants should
receive just after the growing season commences. The last
pruning ought not to be delayed beyond the last of Septem-
ber or first of October. Most evergreen trees have a natural
tendency toward a more or less conical habit of growth^
which must not be disregarded in training them in hedges or
elsewhere. For any hedge, deciduous as well as evergreen,
the best fbrm is that of the letter Y inverted ; that is, an isos-
celes triangle standing on its base should represent a trans-
verse section of the hedge. As a general rule the base of
this triangular fortn should be about half its height; but for
quite tali 1 edges a less proportionate breadth will answer,
while the reverse would be required for an extremely low or
miniature hedge. Any narrowing of the bottcmi or widening
of the top, especially if it go beyond making the sides of a
hedge perpendicular, operates directly to destroy its beauty;
for, under this system of trimming, the upper branches cast a
shadow which checks the growth of the lower part of the
hedge, if it does not cause all the lower limbs gradually to
die and drop off. Thorn and other hedges all over the coun-
try may be seen ruined by this improper mode of pruning.
The smaller the plants used at the outset, if above from siK
inches to a foot high, the finer will be the ultimate result, pro-
vided always that the regular annual trimmings are never
once omitted. This necessary care of a hedge requires, how-
ever, less time and skill than many imagine. Using an ordi-
nary grass-sickle, with a swinging motion, it requires no great
ingenuity to give the desired shape to a hedge, by the eye
alone. Where extreme accuracy is required, it will be nec-
essary to cut by line and measure.

That sort of wide or irregular hedge, called a Belt, is, like
the former, very useful, at the same time that it is v«ry orna-
mental as a screen, and especially as a protection from wind,
for cultivated grounds. Belts may be composed of a variety
of trees and shrubs, the proportion of evergreens predomi-
nating where density is desirable. A group is something
altogether diflerent from a clump; the former being the
most charming feature of a landscape, the latter, so muoli

APRIL. 115

timber or shade, and nothing more. To produce the best
eflFect in planting the former, requires the eye of an artist,
and that disciplined taste which comes from long study of
what is most beautiful or picturesque in natural or artificial
scenery. Indeed that successful combination into one harmo-
nious whole of the many varied beauties of nature which
give the best effect to a group, is a rare achievement even of
the professional landscape gardener.

A few suggestions must close this already too long commu-
nication. The usual time of spring transplanting is the best
season to move evergreen trees. Any time in May is better
than the autumn. Where fall-transplanting becomes neces-
sary, let the work be Accomplished, if possible, in September,
or at any rate not later than the middle of October ; for^
unlike deciduous plants, evergreens do not have their vital
processes suspended at the approach of cold weather. The
exceptional cases of occasional success in moving spruces, &c.y
in the fall, are easily explained. As is stated above in regard
to the hemlock, it is always best to move all evergreens with
as much earth as possible adhering to their roots, and on a
cbudy or even a rainy day rather than in the sunshine. The
leading shoot of em evergreen may be cut out when it is desi-
rable to stimulate a thicker growth near the ground ; for a
new leading shoot, notwithstanding what the books say, may
be easily formed by tying up vertically one of the little side
branches at the base of the former leader. Evergreen trees
ought never to be "trimmed up" from the ground, so as to
expose a naked trunk, unless where their beauty is design-
edly sacrificed in order to promote their growth as timber.
Still, trees of this class which have lost their lower limbs may
often be too valuable ornaments to be cut down.

But that our pen may not become as persistent as the foli-
age about which it has been scribbling, we lay it aside at
once.

[Mr. Jacques has given our readers a valuable paper, and
we hope his remarks will be well considered by all planters.
Ed.]

116 THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTURE.

ARBORICULTURAL NOTICES.

New Maple — Acer pseudo platanus, erythrocarpum — is
a new variety of sycamore, obtained from seeds by M. Fer-
rand of Cognac, about 12 years since. It is not remarkable
for its foliage, or flowers, but for its fruits, which arc of a de-
cided dark red color, and contrast well with the deep green
of the trees. The fruits of many of the maples -have a tend-
ency to become red. Those of Acer tartaricum as well as
certain forms of sycamore have a tolerably well marked rod
color, but are very much inferior in this respect to the variety
obtained by M. Ferrand. The color is deepest when the filiits
are young. A figure is given in the Revue Horticole ; where
also is mentioned another variety of the sycamore, which has
leaves of a pale green all over, and fruit like the leaves, of a
very light green color, never tinged with any deeper red. The
form is said to be quite distinct, and bears the name of
Albescens.

New Maclura — M. tricuspidata. This species was intro-
duced to the museum establishment of Paris in 1862, from-
China, and is remarkable for its leaves, which are very decid-
edly three-lobed. This is described by M. Carriere, as a
bushy, well-branched shrub, milky in the younger parts, the
branches somewhat pendent, and bearing in the axils of each
leaf a sharp thorn. The leaves are deciduous, thick, and
shining, shortly stalked, and deeply three-lobed, with the mid-
dle lobe lengthened out. The leaves distinguish it at once
from all the Macluras previously known. It is said to be
very hardy, and independently of its merit from an ornamen-
tal point of view, it is suggested that it may probably become
useful for hedges. The half-ripened wood, taken off" in July,
strikes freely enough under glass. If this species is as hardy
or hardier than the Osage Orange, it will be a desirable hedge
plant for New England, where the latter is often injured by
our severe winters. As seeds will undoubtedly be scarce, if
it propagates readily it can soon be rapidly multiplied. It is
worthy of trial.

Red-Flowered Locust Tree — Robi'nia pseudacacta D»-
CAiSNEA^NA — is DOW being sent out by its raiser, M. Villevielle

APRIL. 117

of Mauosque, in the form of one-year-old grafted plants.
This distinct variety was raised in the pursery of that gentle-
man in 1862, and has all the habit and general aspect of the
common Robinia, but in addition is covered with long clusters
of flowers of the finest rose color. M. Decaisne, after whom
M. Oarrier^e has named it, speaks of it as likely to cause a
revolution in the ornamentation of promenades. The rose
. color of its flowers, he remarks, can only be compared with
the most brilliant varieties of Robinia hispida (Rose acacia),
and would give to 'our parks a new aspect at a time when or-
namental trees have lost much of their beauty. M. Carriere
says it is destined to play an important part in the ornament-
ation of gardens and public-walks, for which purposes it can-
not be too strongly recommended, as the tree is vigorous, and
easily managed. The appearance of R. Decaisnekna, he con-
tinues, will probably open a new field of interest among
hardy trees, and result in the obtaining of other desirable
varieties, 9ombining with rose colored flowers, the distinct
habits assumed by varieties already known. The origin of
this new locust tree appears to have been quite accidental,
but it will not be the less welcome on that account.

POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP.

Dana's Hovey Pear. — This new and superior winter pear
was exhibited in New York before the Farmers' Club, in
December last, and the following report made upon it. We
have not found space to insert it before ; —

Mr. W. S. Carpenter placed upon the table specimens of a
new winter pear, suflicient to give every one present a prac-
tical test of its quality. It is in color yellow russet, in size
and shape not unlike the Seckel. It is in good eating condi-
tion from this time until February, according to the method
that it is preserved. It is dcliciously sweet and melting to
the taste, and it was pronounced by a unanimous vote of the
Club the best winter pear known. A bushel of this variety

118 THE MAGAZINE OP ■OBTICULTUBE.

was Oil exhibition at the rooms of the Institute for the Gree-
ley Pri2e of $100, and we shall be surprised if it does not
gain the award of the committee. Mr. Carpenter stated that
the pear was known as Dana's Hovej, and called on Mr. G.
M. Hovey, who was present, to state how it originated.

Mr. Hovey stated that the opinion had prevailed for a very
long period that seedlings produced by planting the best
known varieties of pears always tended back towards the wild
stock. Hence the neglect of nurserymen to plant seeds, and
the eflForts made by Van Mons and Knight tb obtain new varie*
ties by hybridizing and impregnation. Of the ten new sorts
produced by Knight, which are considered good in Engla|pdy
only one, the Dunmore, is excellent here. Nature and acci-
dent have given us better sorts ; ^ witness, the Washington,
Sheldon, Seckel, &c. These accidental seedlings certainly
did not go back. Mr. Dana of Roxbury, having determined to
attempt to produce new seedlings, planted seeds of tlie Seckel,
Beurr^ Diel, the Bartlett, and others of the best varieties he
could obtain, and the result was that he raised six excellent
new pears. This on exhibition is one of the number. It was
first brought into notice in 1854, and known as No. 16. It
was pronounced so remarkably excellent by the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society that Mr. Hovey purchased the original
tree for the purpose of propagating from it. One of the
peculiarities of this pear is that it never rots from the core,
but like the apple decays first upon the surface. The bearing
quality of the tree is as good as the BufTum. It has some-
what the habit of the Seckel, but tliis tree is more vigorous.
It has thick, heavy foliage, and no disease. The fruit is
about the average size of Winter Nelis. The tree grows well
both as a standard and dwarf. Mr. Hovey exhibited another
pear called the Caen de France, which was introduced to this
country from Van Mons in 1835, and is still very little known.
It is much better than tlie Winter Nelis and twice as large.
It has one fault, it is slow to come into bearing.

Mr. Carpenter paid a very high encomium to Mr. Greeley
for the offer of his liberal prizes, which alone were sufiicient
to attract the attention of such men as Mr. Hovey, and bring
him here to make known to the world such a valuable new
variety of fruit.

APKCL. 119

Maris Ouisss Peab.— ^This new pear, ^ured in the Bevue
Horticole for January, 1865, is Tery handsome, and has a re-
markably rich, warm appearance. The fruit is middle sized,
or rather large obovate, color well russeted golden yellow.
Mesh melting, rich, perfumed, excellent. Season March and
April. The tree is described as being very vigorous, and an
abundant bearer. It is 80 feet high, and 3 feet in circumfer-
ence at the base. As is often the case with seedling pears,
whilst young, many of the branches are yet spiny. It was
raised from seed of tlie St. Germain in 1884, at Jussay, a vil*
lage in the environs of Metz, and fruited for the first time in
1857 ; in 1860 it produced nearly 600 pears. The variety
was obtained by M. Guisse of Saiute Ruffine, and is named in
compliment to his daughter by M. Hira, an old mayor of
Gussey-les-Metz, and a distinguished vine grower.

It will be observed that the seedling just named was 24
years old, before it produced fruit ; but this may be accounted
for by the circumstance of the tree having been grown in rich
soil, 7 feet deep. In such deep soil the pear is long before it
commences to bear; but pear trees similarly situated have
lived and borne for hundreds of years. Should this variety
be as good in our climate as it looks, and as it has proved to
be in the finer climate of the Moselle, keeping also till March
or April, it will be a valuable acquisition. Some good late-
keeping varieties of pears are yet desirable. ( Gard, Chron.')

The Concord Grape. — Tliis excellent grape receives com-
mendation from* all quarters; not that it is the best native
variety, but because it possesses a greater number of good
qualities than any variety yet introduced. Messrs. W. & 0.
Smith, retail dealers in fruit, Broadway, New York, state that
this grape, sold for 40c. per lb., last autumn, while the Dela-
ware and Diana sold for no higher price. As the yield of
Concords is at least 5 to 1, if not 10 to 1, of the Delaware,
its value as a market grape is readily perceived. The Valley
Farmer thus alludes to it as a wine grape :—

" We have always esteemed this grape highly, but its esti-
mate was greatly heightened in our opinion, by the splendid
samples of wine which were exhibited and tested at the recent
meeting of the Missouri Horticultural Society. There has

120 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

heretofore been a doubt about its making a light wine, but
that doubt has now been completely removed. All the
samples exhibited and coming from diflFerent growers from
both Missouri and Illinois were pronounced excellent, and, by
some of the wine committee, superior far to the renowned
Catawba. For our own use we must say we prefer the Con-
cord — one's taste needs educating to relish Catawba. But
few who first partake of it esteem it highly — but by use it
becomes highly esteemed. The Concord is a pleasanter wine
to taste — and one relishes it from the first. . . . The
dissemination of this noble grape has been a great public
benefit." ^

New Grape. — A dried grape or raisin was recently sent to
us by Messrs. Ferris & Cay wood, of Poughkeepsie, New York,
the production of a seedling raised by them between the
Diana and Delaware, which they state it resembles, having
the size of the former, and the excellence of the latter. The
grape certainly tasted like a raisin, but was wanting in the
rich pulp, which characterize, the Malaga fruit. Perhai>8,
however, it may be a good substitute till a better is raised,
as we have no doubt it will be ere long. We shall be glad to
announce the time when " keg raisins " from abroad will be
no longer wanted in our market.

Taylor's Bullet Grape. — Wine from this grape was ex-
hibited before a late meeting of the Missouri Horticultural
Society. So highly was it thought of by the committee that
one member, a heavy importer of Sherry and Madeira wines,
and an excellent judge of wines, remarked that if this wine
could be had, it would certainly stop the importing of these .
wines. Being a pretty good judge of Sherry wine, we could
hardly distinguish it from that wine, and think it, if anything,
superior to it. We predict tliat this grape will create a new
era in wine making. That it will be sold for Sherry we have
no doubt ; and yie price of all foreign wines is enormous.
Taylor's Bullet is a native, and was found growing wild on a
spur of the Cumberland Mountains ; it is a white grape, and
remarkably vigorous and healthy. It should be pruned like
the Concord to get a largo crop ; that is, by pinching and
shortening.

APBIL. 121

Chasselas Vibebt Grape. — This grape requires to be well
grown, and then few can beat it. Ripens early, and the ber-
ries are very large, round, and of an amber color, and the
flavor that of the Sweetwater. I have twice carried oflF the
prizes at the Crystal Palace with this grape : the first year a
first prize; the second year a second. The roof of my
orchard-house (2400 square feet), has been for some time
covered with the finest grapes ; the rods were introduced into
the house about the end of April, the peaches and nectarines
having been suflBciently forwarded by heat, so as not to be in-
jured by the shade of the vines ; forty-eight dozen of peaches
and nectarines werg gathered in one day, and the flavor was
excellent. (^Cot. Gard.^

The Buffalo Strawberry. — This is the name of a new
variety which is highly prized by the possessor of the original
plants. It has been stated to be the same as Russell's Prolific ;
but Mr. Bryant says it is distinct. The fruit is large, regu-
lar, uniform in size and shape, dark crimson, glossy, with red
flesh, solid, juicy, sweet, and aromatic. Plants vigorous and
productive ; hardy. It is stated to be staminate, though it does
not appear certain, and is said to be far more attractive than
the Wilson, and to excel the Russell in beauty. The present
season will no doubt decide the value of this new variety.

Castle Kennedy Fig. — A new fig under this name was
introduced to the trade last autumn ; it was first observed
growing unnoticed and unpruned against an old wall at
Castle Kennedy, near Strenaer, in the south-west of Scotland.
In that neglected state it was found in fine seasons to ripen
abundant crops in August. The large size and fine quality
of the fruit arrested attention ; and in due course provisions
were made to cultivate it under glass, whei;e for the last two
seasons it has produced extraordinary fruit, some of wliich
weighed nearly seven ounces. At Castle Kennedy it has also
occasionally ripened fruit when grown as a standard. It ap-
pears to have been successfully exhibited in Scotland, and
among other awards obtained during last summer, was a First
Class Certificate from the Edinburgh Horticultural Society.
Mr. Thomson, of Dalkeith, bears testimony to the great excel-
lency of this fig, which he says has borne him the largest figs,

122 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

by far, that he ever saw, the flavor being equal to that of anj
fig known to him.

Nebraska Fbuits. — Mr, R. 0. Thompson, of Nebraska,
sends us several very beautiful colored plates of Nebradca
fruits, which he has introduced to notice, and seeds or plants
of which we presume he has for sale. The following are tlie
fruits: —

Nebraska Seedling Plum. This bears a great resemblance
to the Canada pliim, so called, a large, oval, scarlet fruit,
though it may be quite distinct.

Thompson's Golden Gem Plum. Resembling in size and
shape the Green Gage, but more yellow. ^ Both of these Mr.
Thompson warrants curculio proof, after four years' trial.

Elsdale Raspberry. A medium size, round, red fruit,
borne in clusters, and very pretty,

Nebraska Prolific Gooseberry. About the size of the
Houghton's Seedling, but quite round, green, with a slight
tinge of red in the sun.

Dwarf Rocky Mountain Cherry. A small red fruit, of ob-
long oval shape, about the size of a cranberry. Leaves very
narrow.

Thompson's Wine Grape. A grape apparently resembling
the Isabella in shape of berry and form of bunch, quite black.
Leaves deeply cut like the foreign grape.

Mason's Mountain Blackberry. A very large, round beriy,
somewhat resembling the Lawton in shape and general ap-
pearance.

What the real merits of these varieties are can only be as-
certained by a trial, and we hope some of our cultivators will
report upon their value.

THE WIGANDIA.

BT THE KBITOR.

The introduction of ornamental-foliaged plants into our
gardens has essentially changed their character, increased
their picturesque effect, and given them a rank above mere

APBIL.

12S

parterres of showy flowers. Especially has it enriched the
appearance of ornamental grounds, where many plants, beau-
tiful and attractive enough in their appropriate situation, are
quite out of place and do not harmonize with the heary
masses of evergreen or deciduous foliage. They add also a

THE WIOANDIA.

tropical aspect to the summer garden, where they flourish
with nearly the vigor of their native habitat.

Among the more recent additions to this class of plants is
that of the Wigandia, (W. caracasana, fig. 5), from South
America. We read a very good account of it in the Revue
Horticole, a few years ago, when it was first added to the
French collections; and last autumn we saw a fine plant of

124 THB MAGAZINE OF HOBTTGULTUBE.

it ill the grounds of Messrs. Ellwanger & Barry of Rochester,
which was brought home by Mr. E. on his return from Eu-
rope. As it is increased very easily both by seeds and the
roots, it will soon become more common, and we hope popu-
lar in all collections of really grand plants. We add the
following information in regard to it, which we translate from
the work already allud^ed to.

The Wigandias belong to the family of Hydroleaaes, all of
which are natives of America. Two species belong to Mexico,
and the others to South America. Among the latter is found
the most remarkable of the genus, the Wigandia caracasana,
discovered by the celebrated travellers, Humboldt and Bon-
pland, in the neighborhood of Caracas and New Grenada, and
introduced to Europe by M. Linden in 1853.

The Wigandia is a noble plant, in every acceptation of the
word. It forms a vigorous shrub, 6 to 8 feet high, pf py-
ramidal form, with broad, dark green leaves two and a half
feet long and eighteen inches wide, developing at the summit,
when precaution is taken to remove it to the greenhouse be-
fore frost, an abundance of bluish lilac flowers, similar in their
shape and dimensions to those of the Eutoca. Nothing can
be more ornamental, or produce a grander eflFect.

The stem of the Wigandia is herbaceous the greater part
of its length, subligneous at the base, of a cylindrical form,
and very straight. It is cultivated as an annual in the climate
of Paris, and its strong roots send out in the autumn a great
number of suckers which serve to multiply the plant. M.
Ryfkogel, who has grown this species about five years, culti-
vates it in the open ground in good garden soil, without any
other care than a few waterings during the summer, taking
the precaution to support its stem, to prevent injury from tiie
wind. The same horticulturist increases it very easily by
cuttings taken oflf during February and March, or by suckers
taken up and potted in the autumn, and removed to a cool
greenhouse. Cuttings of the young wood, started in October
and treated in the same way, will also form strong plants.

The imposing aspect of the Wigandia, and its easy culture;
render it a happy acquisition to our parks and gardens.

As it is also readily raised from seeds, we trust it will soon
become a conspicuous ornament of our own gardens.

APRIL. 125

REVIEWS.

How TO GET A Farm and where to Find one. Showing
that Homesteads may be had by those desirous of securing
them, Ac. By the Author of 10 acres enough, pp. 345.
New York. 1864.

This is a very interesting and valuable work, giving all the
information to be obtained in reference to the value of land
in all parts of the country, particularly in the middle States,
of New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland, with the public law
on the subject of Free Homes, and hints and suggestions to
practical farmers relative to the selection of lands, their adap-
tation to farming purposes, the nearness of markets, and in
fact all the particulars which can interest those who are seek-
ing permanent homes. We have not found leisure to read
the volume carefully, but quite enough to show its great im-
portance at the present time, when farming is so profitable,
in putting young knd active men on the right track to " get a
farm," with or without cost, and it should be read by all who
would know " where to find one."

Woodward's Country Houses. By Geo. E. and F. W.
Woodward, Architects. With 30 Illustrations, pp. 166.
New York. 1865.

This is a small but neat volume, presenting a series of prac-
tical designs and plans in domestic architecture, adapted to
the requirements of all those who intend to build, remodel or
improve their homes or country houses. The progress of
rural architecture has been great within the last 20 years, but
the more expensive works treating upon the subject, — which
have undoubtedly accomplished so much in the spread of a
better taste, — are beyond the reach of many, and the present
work is intended to supply their place. The designs embrace
the simple cottage as well as the expensive villa, and the illus-
trations are admirably executed. Messrs. Woodward are
thorough and experienced architects, and their attempt to aid,
by the dissemination of practical information, in the erection
of country houses possessing more claims to architectural

126 THB MAGAZINB OF HORTICULTUBB.

beauty, will be welcomed and appreciated by every lover of
rural art.

The Touno Gardener's Assistant, in three parts, with
practical directions, under each head, for the cultivation of
Culinary Vegetables and Flowers, Fruit Trees, &c. New
edition. By Thomas Bridgman. pp. 600. N. York. 1865.

A new edition of the old and well known work of Mn
Bridgman, which has been the standard of culture of miscel-
laneous vegetables and flowers. If it has not the merit of
supplying the most recent information in regard to many of
the subjects of which it treats, it has that of being thorough
and complete in all the details of the garden management of
the well known and superior kinds of vegetables, flowers
and fruits, and the new edition, now supplied by Messrs.
Wood & Go. in a more popular and desirable shape, will be
most acceptable at the present time.

Our Young Folks. An Illustrated Magazine for Boys and
Girls. Edited by J. T. Trowbridge, Gail Hamilton, and
Lucy Larcom. Monthly* Boston. 1865.

This is a new and interesting periodical, intended especially
for the young folks. It is no light and trashy thing ; but
solid, entertaining, instructive and useful. Among its corre-
spondents are Mrs. Beecher Stowe and the Author of Ten
Acres Enough, which bespeak information of a practical as
well as pleasing kind. Messrs. Ticknor & Fields, the pub-
lishers, deserve the thanks of the old as well as young folks
for the undertaking.

Horticttltel %trali(m8

FOR APRIL.
TKmr DEPARTMENT.

March has been one of the mildest and roost pleasant we have had for
many years. The froet has been quite out of the ground for two weeks or
more, and it is now in fine condition for ploughing. No snow has fallen,
and even the osoal keen wmds of the month have not been expetiftDced

APBIL. 127

more than one or two dajra. The spring promiBes a fniitfbl seasoo. Grapes
in the veiy early houses wOl now be nearly ripe, or all ready for cutting ;
where they are in this condition, give an abundance of air, and discontinue
all watering. Allow the laterals to make a free growth, unless crowding
the vines too orach. Vines in the greenhouse or grapery will be making
rapid growth from the warm weather, and will soon be in bloom : top the
laterals one or two eyes beyqiid the fruit, and tie them in carefully to the
trellis: air freely in good weather, and if there are any Muscats, or ^y
setting sorts in the house, shake the vines every morning while in bloom,
or pass the hand gently over the bunch : damp down the house morning,
noon and night, and maintain a good temperature in cool, cloudy days.
Cold houses will now require attention : uncover the vines, and tie them up
to .the trellis. Syringe in good weather, and do not attempt to bring on
the vines too rapidly. Hardy grapes may now be uncovered, and the vines
lied up to the trellis. If they need pruning, attend to it at once.

Pbach Tries in pots, now swelling their fhiit, should have more water,
and an abundance of air. Thia is the season to pot young trees for a fbesh
stock.

OscBAan HovBKs will now require constant attention : air abundantly
in good weather, and syringe the trees daily till the buds are all well start-
ed. Guard against sudden changes of temperature.

GajkFTfiie may be done during all the month.

PauNiNo should be continued at all convenient opportunities.

Stsawberbt beds should be uncovered and the soil gently stirred
around the plants, destroying all weeds. Top-dress the beds if they require
it, and prepare ground for new plantations.

Raspbf.eeibs should be uncovered, pruned, and tied up to stakes. Bfa-
Dure and dig the ground.

Tbebs of all kinds may now be transplanted.

FLOWER DEPARTMEirr.

The month of April will put in requisition all the energies of the most
indostrioos gardener. An abundance of out-door work, as well as the care
of in-door plants and the preparation of bedding stock, will be sufficient to
employ every leisure moment The greenhouse and conservatory should
now wear ita gayest aspect, and if there is a good stock no season will be
more attractive than the present.

Camellias will now be making their new growth ; syringe the house
every day, and supply water to the roots more freely. Shade from the hot
sun, and do not allow the foliage to get burned, which greatly mars the
the beauty of a fine plant.

PELABeomcTMS will now begin to throw up their fiower stems ; oontinue
to give quantities of air, so as to secure a stocky growth, and water more
abundantly. Tie oat the shoots of specimen plants, and turn them round
often to secure a handsome growth.

Aealeas will continue to flower according to the ceadidon in which the
plants have been kept Those now showing buds should be freely syringed
till the blossoms ezpand, and, as they advance to perfection, they should be

128 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

shaded from the hot snn. Yonngf stock may be forwarded by placing in a
warm house, topping the new growth so as to obtain bushy specimens.

Fuchsias, intended for large specimens, should be shifted as thoy require
it, and kept in a rather moist house, with a slight shade from the hot sun.
Stake the plants, and top the growing shoots as they advance in growth.

Caladiumb, now well started, should be repotted and kept in the warm-
est part of the house, with a slight shade in^he middle of the day. Use
leaf mould, peat, and a little fibrous loam, with an abundance of sand to
keep it porous.

Winter flowerihg plants of various kinds, such as Stevias, Eupa-
toriums, Heterocentrons, Iloitzias, &.C., should be propagated for a fresh
stock.

Heaths Aifn Efacris, done blooming, should be headed in and placed
in a sheltered pit, till they are ready for planting out in the open ground.

Beddihg plaitts of all kinds should be removed to frames, where they
can be hardened off preparatory to planting out in the garden.

Tuberoses should be potted and placed in a hotbed if wanted for early
bloom.

Stephanotus, Allamauda, and other plants of a similar kind, should be
repotted, pruned in, and encouraged to make a vigorous growth.

Chrysanthemums should be propagated from cuttings.

Cissus DISCOLOR should be shaken out of the old soil and carefully re-
potted.

Acacias, Lauristinus and similar plants should now be headed in, so
as to form good compact heads, •

Monthly Carnations, for autumn and winter blooming, should be
planted out in good rich soil.

Chinese Primroses, of the double kinds, should now be propagated
from cuttings.

flower oarden and shrubbery.

After the recent fine weather, the lawn will soon assume a verdant ap-
pearance, and early preparation should be made to obtain a smooth turf.
Give it a thorough rolling, and, if necessary, top-dress with a little guano.
Rake and roll the walks, and where there are box edgings, trim them into
shape in good season. Uncover all kinds of herbaceous plants and bulbs,
and dig, clean and rake the beds and borders.

Japan Lilies, now coming up, should have the surface of the soil
slightly stirred.

Hyacinth and Tulip beds should receive attention, cleaning and
stirring the surface with a light hoe or hand fork.

Gladiolus, Tiger Flowers and Amaryllis may be planted in ^e
open ground, making the soil light and fine.

Roses should be pruned, cutting them well in; manure liberally and
dig around the plants, working the manure well into the soil. ,

Annuals of all the hardy kinds may be planted in the open ground.

Phloxes, Pjeonies, and other herbaceous plants, should be divided and
transplanted, as old planti do not bloom so well as young specimens.

Darllas may be planted out the last of the month.

MR. DANA'S

NEW SEEDLING PEARS.

HOVEY & CO.,

53 N* MAHKET ST;, BOSTON,

Offer for sale, a fine etock of fheae new Peara^ which hnve been proved ihe most
valyabte acqubitiona to our collections of this dehcious fruit* They have now been ex-
hibited eeveral years before the Mttaanchnaelta Horticultural Society, and a trinl of the
frdit has culled forth the highest praise froui all who have had an opportunity to taste
them. A silver medal and gratuity of ^0 were awarded Mr. Dana in 18G0 for the pro-
duction of tliese pears.

The names and deBCriptions are ae follows t —

DANA'S HOVEY,

(No. la)

Fruit nearly medium size, about three inchea long and two and a half in diameter, of
obtuse pyrifonn shape, with a clear, rich cinnamon russet skin. Flesh white, melting,
buttery, and juicy, with a honied sweetness, and n most luscious and undesc rib able
flavor^ more like sotue delicious sweetmeat than a fruit. It ripens in Decetnber, and ifi
m eating until the end of Jaimary, never rotting at the core, ^1 each.

The tree la one of the most beautiful of'all pears. Large bearing trees, $3 to $5 each.

AMERICA,

(No. 19.)

The size, beauty, and excellence of tliis variety, and the hardiness, vigor, early bear-
ing, and great productivenese of the Iree^ will take the place of the Beurr^ DjcI aa a
December fruit. 75 cti. each.

EXCELSIOR,

(No. J^,)
No pear of the seasofl is ei^ual to this. Neither the Belle Lucrative nor Bartlett
equal it. The tree is a fine grower and an early bearer, with wood similar to the Bart-
leltf fronn which it may have originated, 75 eta* each.

SHAWMUT,

[No, 17.)
Fruit large, abont four inchea long and tJiree and a half in diameter^ obtuae pyriform
in shape, with a yellowish skin, more or less traced with russet. Flesh yellowish, melt-
ing, and very juicyt with a brisk, vinoua, musky flavor, resembling the Beurrfe Superfin,
Ripe in October and November. $1 each»

ADMIRABLE,

(No. a.)

Fruit large, about four inches long: and three and a half in diameter; roundish ovate
in form, with a yellow skin. Flesh white, meltinj£r, buttery, and jnicy, with a rich
ojaakyj vinoua, and delicate perfume. Hipe in October. 75 eta, each.

AUGUSTUS DANA,

(No. 100
Fruit medium sise, about three and a half inches Jong and three in diameter; form
obovate; fiteh white, melting, and juicy, w ith a aaccharine, rich, and del icions flavor. M
Hipe in October. $1 each* ■

Tks let of G varieties, $5. ■

Address HOVEY it CO., 53 N, Mi^aECT St,, Boaron.

ON All

ORCHARD-HOUSE

CORDON TRAINING OF FRUIT TREES

FOB THE

OBCHABD-HOUSE AND OPEN AIR.

By T. COLLINGS BREHAUT.

WITH A

SUPPLEMENT

CONTAINIire

T^TgirAT»rfl OH COBDOH TBADTIHO OF THE FEAB; THE CULUVATIOK

AHD PBUHINa OF FEACH TREES DT F0T8; THE BEST

TABIETIES OF FRUITS FOR POT CULTURE;

AND

0EHERAL REMARKS OH ORCHARD-HOUSES ADAPTED TO THE OLIXATE
OF THE UVITED STATES.

BY O. M. HOVEY,

•PBKSIDBNT OF THE MASSACHUSETTS HOBTICULTURAL 80CICTT ;
BDXTOft OF MAOAZTNB OF HOBTICULTUBE, AND AUTBOB OF FBUIT8 OF AMEBICA.

1 vol., oetavo. Price, $L25.

This volome contains, in addition to the large experience of Mr. Brehaut, all the infor-
mation needful for the cultivator to successfully cultivate the peach tree in pots, hy tbft
Editor, with selections of the host fruiti adapted to the OrchaH-House and Pot Coltntift. .

Published by Hoyey & Ck>., fiS Nerih Haiket St., Boston.

^/^

'5 '

'IktfM/r^ ^^U

MAGAZINE

HORTICULTURE,

BOTANY,

ANB K1.L UBBTUL DISCOYEBI^S AJTP IMFEOVEMBKra

nr BUBAL AFFMia.

*■" J« TmidnjA ««hAU.fleF Lout ViiiiItqit de mon goili pour laju^dku, II mt teniblr qti^U «l
Imtiottlbk qn 'an ni ^hati t p ukce r«T<n r. II a ' vee point de TcrtUf qu* Jt « tnirpOio L evl u t ^ q 1
aiiit« ft ^Tleit ri i^ Mpt dsfrjintiiu. Foi^ de £imEk, Iniplro ]& jhTillnomuite i Ten ^ii^UMi/'

No. CCCLXV.
MAY, 1865.

EDrrEB BY C, M. HOYEY,

A IT T II on OF THE PRlTrTS OF AMBHICAp

BOSTON;
PUBLISHED BY HOVET & CO.
6S SORTfl MARKET STBSirr, OPFOSlTJa PAUBtm HAli.
TWO DOLLiARS A TEAA.

VOL. XXXL

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

FIFTH SERIES, VOL L-OR, VOL XIXI,

Eatablished in 1835.

TERMS:
Oni Copf, owi TEAR, invftriably in advance, - - Two Dollabs,
Four Copjfs, ** *' u *. . ^ aETEit DoLLAai.

¥otuMc FOR 1863, HandfiomeTy Bound in Oolh,

Two DoLLAna, Fifty Cents.
Volumes far 1860» '61, *C^ *i33, *64, bound, and

SubBcription for 1865, _ - - PurRTFRPr Dollabs.

Complete Sets, in 30 volumes, botindT * - - FirTir DuLLAns.
MjkQAZtnE and ITorticdltukist, one year, - Focr Dou^fta*

" ** GARDE£f£Rs' Monthly, one year.

Three Dollars, Setekty-Fi¥e Ceiit3,
" " the Three Magazines,

Five D0LI.ARS, Seventy- Five Csfirs..

SirtoLE CoFrE3, -- ._. Twenty Centa-

A full aet of llie Magazine forms a complete Encyclopedia of Bortj-
cullure, embracing every subject connected with the Garden, and is &
Library in iteelf> Address,

HOVEY &; CO., Publishers,
^ 53 North Market St,, Bo3ton*

CONTENTS.

]. American Pomoiogieal Society. - • • - • 129

% Pear Trees in Pots. Bf T. Rivers, - - - , - J37

3* Pomolo^icaT Grissip, -------- 14^

4. Descriptions of Select Pears. By the Editor, - - - 145

5. The DiscaveiT of Victoria Regia. By Sir Robert IL

Schomburgk, - - - - - - - - J48

6. Floricultural Notices, --_-_,- 151

7. General Notices, -,_,..,. I54

8. Gossip of the Month, **--->-- J57
a Hoiticnlliirai Operations for Maj, * - - - ^ 15S

Cash Advertising Tenns for 1865.

One page, each insertion, $2(i 00, Half page, each insertion, 3 10 00,
Less than half page. 25 cents per line, each insertion.
3d and 4th Cover pages, §30 per page*
Each page contains 85 lines of space. No discount allowed from these
rates.

Advertisements, to insure insertion, should be sent to the publiahera by
the 22d of the month preceding tliat in which they are to sppear. Ad-
vertisers will please specify the u mount of room tliey wish their adver-
tisements to occupy, and the number of times to be inserted.

Address HOVEY &. CO.,

53 North Market Street, Boston.

0[^The Postage on the Magaxine is 14 ots.; if paid in advance, quar*
terly, 12 cts. a year.

H. W. tHjTtOJI a Son, PRXKTIIJI,

B^i^H^IBI

AOvtrttiimg Skmt «ftk9 Mag. •/ JElMfNMlfMr*^

SUMMER BEDDING PLANTS.

HOVEY ac OO.

HiT» m fine, large and healthy Mock of all the papular Beddhig Plasta, including the new
and laie varietiea, which they offiv at the fidlowing pooea:

Pelargonioms, 50 splendid ▼arietiea,

Yorbenaa, 100 beat named vaiietiea,

Verbenas, withoot names, all colors.

Verbenas, thirty new varieties of 1865,

Dahlias, newest varieties, . . . •

Dahlias, older varietiea, all good, • . «

Rosea, Hybrid Perpetuals on their own roots,

Roses, Tea, Bengal and Noisette,

Roses, Bonrbon, of several kinds,

Tree Carnations, 15 of the finest varieties, •

Fttcfaaiaa, dO fine varieties, . • .

Chineae Chrysantberanms, 50 varieties,

Ohioese Chrysanthemams, new varieties of 1865, -

Phlozes, 80 fine varieties, . . .

Veronbas, .....

Zonale Geraninms, many v«ry fine varieties,

Variegated Geraninms, do do -

Petunias, SO of the finest varieties,

Lantanas, 15 of Ihe best varietiea,

Shrubby Calcedarias, 3 varieties,

Tropeolnms, 6 fine varieties, ...

Heliotropes, 10 fine varieties, ...

Pansies, fine seedlings, . . . .

Caphea platycentra, . . . .

Nerembergia mcilis and grandifiora,

Allovsia citriodcNra, or Lemon Verbena,

Double Stocks, in a variety of colors.

Daisies, several beantifiil varieties,

Coleos Verschaffeltii, a beantifbl foliaged plant,

Lychnis grandifiora, with orange scariet flowers,

Sedmn cameom variegatnm, • • •

Gasania splendens, very showy, - . .

Feverfew, Doeble, . . . .

DooMtt flowering Zinnias, in a variety of colors,

Salvias, 4 varieties, scarlet, crimson and blue,

Varkmted Sweet AUysuo, . • •

Doable Sweet Allysom, a very beautifbl plant,

l^pehnis viscaria pleno^ doable and beantifb],

Boovardias, 6 fine kinds, very brilliant and showy, .

PXR DOI*

400
300
1 50

4 50

5 00
300
750
600
600
400
400
800
600
800
300
350
4 00
300
300
800
300
300
950
1 50
1 50
300
350
300
300
300
300
300
900
I 50
3 50
300
300
3 00
300

WUk nany other diowy and desbable plants for the sammw garden. Pknls safbly
mad fiyrwarded to all parts of the conntiy.

HOVEY & CO.

&3 NofttM Maucbv 8t!

SI Aim i t$ln g lShMttifth0 Mag. tf BStirtkaih»^

HandBome Ornamental 8hrub8.

HOVEY Ss CO.

Offor for Mle a fine stock of the foHowiDg beantifbl Sbruba and Plants :

Deitzia creiata tore plenoi (Doable.)

A double variety of te Deatzia, perfectly hardy, gfrowinjgr 3 to 4 fbet high, jnodvt^ng
kmg racemes of dooble white flowers delicately tinted with rose. It Is one of the mast
beatttifld and valuable shrabs recently intiodaced. 50 cts. to #1.00 each.

Daphne cneorami

An old hot very little known plant, perfectly hardy, evergreen, growing aboet m foot
high, and forming a dense, pretty bush, covered with clnsters of bright rose flowers of a
BMwt delightfVil odor, and blooming from spring till autmnn. It forms one of the finest
shmbs for the garden. $1 to $2 each.

Japan Variegated Honeysocklef

LoNICCaA AUEBO UTICULATA.

Intredoeed from Japan by Mr. Fortune, and has proved quite hardy in our dhnate. It
is a slender twininjg plant, with roundish oval leaves of a clear green, distiBetly veined
with light yellow, giving it a highly attractive and novel appearance. Flowefs yeUowirii
whiia» and deliciovisly fngrant 50 cts. to $1 each.

Thnjopsis dolalirata,

One of the most beautiful of Japanese coniferous trees, which has proved entirely
hardy in our climate. It grows rapidly and forms a large tree, with a very deep green
fbliage, and elegant habit Young trees, $2 each.

Thnjopsis dolabrata variegata.

A most remarkable varie^ted variety of the T. dolabrata, with the same elegant ffA--
iage distinctly variegated with silver, very ornamental. It is equally as hardy se the
parent #2 each.

Cupressus Lawsoniana.

A splendid coniflBroas tree, perfectly hardy, with a beaotifiil habit, and slightly droop*
ing biMiches. Young trees, $1 to $3 each.

VAN BURBN'S

GOLDEN D'WARF PEAOH.

HOVEY & CO.

Oflfor for sale a few trees of this new Peach, described in the Magazine of Hoitienlture

for 1861, p. 119.

As an ornamental tree, there is nothin^r of its size more beautifbL It is prodigiooslr
potific, and in quali^ of firnit it has few if any superiors. The fhut is very oraaitenlal,
Deing above medium size, of a golden yellow color, with a rich mottled carmine cheek.
The leaves add much to its beauty, being very large, closely set, of a deep gieen color,
and hang on much longer than other peach leaves. The tree seldom attains a growth of
more than 3 feet in heiffat, but the buas are so close together that one of these liule trees,
loaded with fhiit woold almost remind the beholder of an immense bonch of very isfge

^- Tlftittetiivwrdtoaltlv^, having shown no signs of decay. Trees fl«50 eeelt

MmiMngShttt jf <A« iUg, nf

6PLENDI0 NOVELTIES.

Mew White Diel^ra.

(DiSI'TTAA SpECTAVIUS AIAA.)

We take ohmJi pleeinie ia aanoaneiiif to ear petront tiMt, after fe? enl ineffectual
attempt!, we have succeeded fn procoring this desirable plant, a i«Mte voKefy of the well-
fa»wii IKd^ffm «pecto&i^, whicn it resembles in every respect, with the exoeotiBn of
telor of tiM flower, which, on first ezpaodiiur, is of ptiiv idbfte, afterwards ehingtny to m
wr Mieaiktiuaktff Umk^ fonahiff a beaattnd ooatrafll to the origiBal variety.

I^lants ready for delivery the 30th of April, at 93.00 each, or two pkots lor fUkM.-^
iiailed pestpali.

Lilium Anratum.

HEW OOLDEV SIBIFED LILT 7B0X JIFAH.

This is described thus bv Dr. lindley, in tiie London Gardeners' (%roniole : ^ If ever %
flower merited the name or ^lorioas, it is this, which stands hi above all other lilies^
wbedier we regard its size, its sweetness, or its exquisite arrangement of color. From
tirts defieions fi>wer there arises Uie perfbme of orange blossoms sufficient to fill a large
loom, but so delicate as to respect the weakest nerves." It is quite hardy, and deserves
m place in every collection. Flowering Bulbs mailed to any address upon receipt of $5.00.

Address

B. K. BL.IS8,

ApriL Spbinofibls, Mjuw.

Qrape Vi nes for Vineries.

BOVJBY 9l OO.

Ofler for sale one of the largest and most complete collections of Foreign Grapes
in the country, embracing every popular variety of merit, all raised from ^f^ (nNO
our own bearing vines, and true to naoM, ao follows >*

Black Hamburgh, Canadian Chief;

Black Hamburgh, Wilmofs No. 16, Muscat de Sarbelle,

Black Hbo^nrgh, Wibnot's, Muscat Madeira,

Viotoria, Muscat ^ Uorent,

Mill Hill Hamburgh, Purple Sweet Water,

-. W4uto Frontignan, Cbampioa Ha m burgh,

Grizzly Frontignan, Muscat of Alexandria,

Bk^ Frontignan, Tottenham Park Muscat,

Chasselas of Fontainebleau, Macready's Early White,

Blact Pflnee, tinfinflal

Lombtt^y, White Nice,

West's St Peters, Reigne de Nice,

Gros Bleu, Syrian,

Barbarossa, White Tokav,

M«soat ttaiB Hatif, Golden Hambui^h,

fiowker. Pope Hambuigii,

Trentham Black, Austrian Muscat

iloocat Hamburgh, Prolific Sweetwater,

Bow^od Muscat, Caillaba,

R<9il MuBcadincu Richmond Villa,

CluLptaL Trebbiana,

Lady Downes. Marchioness of Hvitings,

Monnet, €anott Hall Muscat
Dooukk^le,
Vine ettong vines, ene and two y«ars dd, in pots, Toady for immedlale pbuftiiig.
etioi, ''.'-^•' 5? HpETir Ma«mt Stmwt. ;

4 AdiftHMng Sh^ti of the Mag. of ^mUeuthtre.

THE FRAimraCHAIH CRAPE.

BATB THB FLBA8VKB OB OBBBBIBO TO 0VLTITATOB8 THIS

TAIiVABUB NEW HARDT OBArE,

Eated by Bfr. J. G. Morneberg of fiazoimlle, Mais^ who exhibited ■ptadid
WfiNO the MaBMefaoeettB Hratieokunl Socie^, whieh sttimcted moeh att e ti oB,
•lidted the lUlewioff aotice by Hoo. J. 8. Cabot, Ghainnui of the Comaiittee oa P
is hii bdoimI report S>r 1863 ^-

Specimeofl or the Framingham Seedlin^f, a new grape, raised by J. O. Moniebei|^ «f
Sazonville; haa a round beny, of good stte, black oolor, with a mie bloom ; mid to be
a very strong grower, not subject to mildew, or to drop ils fruit, and to be early* ,

The Framingham is a superior grape, as early as the Hartford Prolific, which was shown
at the same time, and with bunches as larffe and handsome as the Isabella, which it resacn-
bles in appearance and quality, having the same brisk vinous flavor. The vine is a re-
markably strong and vigorous grower, with large, thick foliage, resisting the attacks of
mildew ; and for earliness, productiveness, and hardiness may be safely pronounced a
valuable addition to our native grapes.

3 year old vines, very strong, #2 each, $18 per doxen.
2 year old vines, very strong, $U each, $12 per dozen.

▼met safUy packed and forwarded to all parts of the country.

NEW STRAWBERRY.

THE AGRICULTURIST.

HOVEY & ca

Are now prepared to receive orders for this new variety, which is stated to be one of
the largest of ftrawkenies. The plants will be ready for delivery in March, and will be
well established in pots, at 75 cents each, or $8 per doien. Plants fVom the opco gioaod,
inA[m],asfoUows:— Ji plants, 0]iM); 6 plants, $3; 19 plants, #S.

BUCHANANS

NEW YELLOW TEA ROSE,

CATHARINE SPRUNT.

A asQStaat and ahtmdant bkxNncr. with habit and growth of Tea Saftano, of wydi it
is aaeedling, and diflforing only in the color of its flowers, which are invariably of a p«a
deep sulphur yeUow.

This is considered by many, well qualified to judge, the best Yellow Tea Rose yet
oflbnd to the public

Strong one year old plants, grown in pots, will be sent out, at ifi each. Two vear
old plants, atmog, |8 to $5 each, as soon as solMcriptions for 1000 plants are receivecL

(Men booM Mid MOt fferictly in rotalioo.

ISAAC BTTCHANAir, Florist,

9 W6f( |7Ui Street, Itaw Ywfe

Mmrthkig SktM ^ the Mug. ^

THE ADIRONDAC CRAPE.

HOVEY & CO.
HgTe b«eii appointed Agents for the Sale of tbia New and

Superior Yariet7.

Tbe eariSest and best American Grape knowQ, ripening two weeks earlier than anjr
«lber good Gra^ Pnnwain^ a moat deliciooa flavor, ta fact almost eqoal to tlM most
ieiicste botboose grape, h originated at tbe base of the Adirondao Raim of momHaini,
Mlheslinre 0f LabeCh^^aui. It is beliewi to possess all tbt leqikitss ts artiiilisfc
its ebaiacter as the-

EARLIEST AND BEST NATIVE QRAPE.

It was awarded the first prize in New York as the finest Grape, and the first prize
In CHeteland, Ohio, as the b^ Grape exhibited.

Strong Plants, No. 1, 3 years, ... each ^ 00
Smaller " •« 2, " « . - - " 4 00

Strong " " 1. 1 " . . . " 3 00

Smaller •* " 2, " " - . . " 2 00

The Vines are all cut back to three or fi)or eyes.
YiDSS win be carefully packed and forwarded by £zpress. Small packages (leiis tbaa

' ' » Unite'

\ pound) can be sent by mail at ode cent per oz., to any part of the Umted
Address^ with remittance,

HOVEY &. COm 53 Noktb Markbt St.

NATIVE

ETEROBEEN AND DECIDUOUS TBEESL

^ja» F^imished in any quantity, and of any movable size, at short notice. They ^d^

flKwill be carefblly taken op and faithfully packed and forwarded as per order. JfR

^ For priees, send for a Catalogue to -Z^

W. MANN,
April— 2t BANGOR, MS.

TREES, PLANTS, SMALL. FRUITS, BULBS, &o.
PRINCE ft CO., noshing, N. Y., Liim»an Nimeries.

Fra^ T^eei of alt kinds, iotludlntf extra oeHectieni of Peava, Plums and Cheiriea. Ai
i— wnii variety of ssaall Fhiils-lOO varieties of Native Grapes, 250 kinds of Straw-
bs fri ss, 40 of Currants, 40 of Raspberries, — 30 superior varieties of Osier Willowik
Ffowering Shrubs and Herbaceous Plants of all kinds ; 350 varieties of Peonies ; s|den-
£d eoUection of Bulhs ; Foreign Grapes, Figs, Madeira Nuts, Paw.pawa, di^c Yellow
Loeost and Onion Seed. Priced Catalogues sent Descriptive Catatogoes af Stiawber*
- -^" IPacuM. AprM.

. DECORATIXG CEMETERY IX)T8, &^

FBINCE ft CO., Fliuiliiiig, N. T.

Wfil supply assoftments of beautifhl Shrobbety, Roses, awl Fl o w whi g Wants, fcr their
adornment, carefully seleeted, for tlOf $15, and $20. Forwarded by expreas as directed.

Strawberries, Currants, Raspberries, and Blackberries, tbe finest assortments fbrmurkst
a^gMMiaysfc known. CataMgues gratis. April

< AivertMng Sl^t tf'th* Mug. «/ J9fNteiMir«.

B«i« ud letittM Vkv«n!

AND

NOVELTIES EOH 1865.

HiOV^EY* Ac OO.

imnrc the ATTBimoN of cultivatoes to tubia unkiyallko cm^

LECTION OF

BBBIUI, BELGIAN, FRENCH, BRfiUSI & AMERICAN

SEEDS,

Including all the norelties worthy of attention, and comprising the

choicest varieties of

BALSAMS, STOCKS, DOUBLE AND SINGLE

PORTULACAS, LANTANA8, LARKSPURS,

PETUNIAS, VERBENAS, TROP^OLUM,

DIANTHUS, ZINNIAS, &c..

AND ALL THB BBAUTIFOL

FLOEISTS' FLOWERS,

VK.,

CINERARIAS, CALCEOLARIAS, COCKSCOMBS,

PANSIES, PELARGONIUMS, GLOXINIAS,

CARNATIONS, PICOTEE8, PRIMULAS,

AURICULA SWEET WILLIAM,

GLADIOLUS, &c.

EXTRA PRIZE ASTER SEED.

We ofier out uneooaUed colleetioM of FVeoch Altera in til tke Taoriety of Piii— >
ItnlNrieated, Pompon, Pyramidd, ^., of oor own growtli, the Aster having been umim m
speeialitj of ouluvatioB fot more tban twenty«4f« 3reerf, dnring whiek ee w ed our flowert
hate been exhibitod before the Maeeachuaetts Hoitiailtaral Soeiety, aad ha?e been awtfd^
ed the fc^cfmmg priiee:

tiwn PaisB, in 1841, '49, '43, '44, '4d, '48, '49, '51, 'S3, '56, '57, "60, 'Ol, "OS, aad «.

Sbookd PauuB, in 1840, '56, and '59.

16 Beautifol Varietiee in eealed pacheta, - #1 50

g c( u «( u a . . 1 00

Deeeri|)tiTe Catalogoe of Seeds fbr 1869-64, with Supplement fbr 1865, forwarded to
all fiiplioanta. Atra^ Deeoripti?e CataJ<^raee of Fruit Traea» Qmamentel Treat «nd
JUkiobi^ Queenheoae Plaata, iamied aeptratdy, and fonwarded with the fitted Catalog«%
npontheieo^Qf ^d^»ttnt atampw Addre«,

HOVEY & CO.^ Boatmu

HARDY AMERICAN PLANTS.

KHODODENDRONS AND AZALEAS.

HOV^EY Sd CO.

OFFER FOR SALE

A LARGE AND SUPERIOR STOCK OF THESE
MAGNIFICENT SHRUBS,

Comprising many thousand Seedlings,

Raised from the most beaatiful hybrids, and all perfectly hardy,
having been grown in the open ground from five to ten years,
without the least protection.

The plants are fine boshy specimena, the larger sizes covered with flower bads, which
wffl bloom jMTofaselv the present season, as they transplant with peifect safety and with-
out iBJary to their flowerinff.

ALSO,

Kalmia latifolia, of all sizes^

FULL OF FLOWER BUDS.

Fine Plants Aom $2 to $5. A few extra-sized specimens, $5 to ffUS each.
Address,

HOVEY & CO.,

89 nORVH HAHKBT VtmMVt, BOnPAW.

NEVT* D'WABF PEA.

HOYEY & CO.

Offer for sale the new and superior pea, called

Givwisg only one foot high, branching and fcmninff an erect dense bush. The pea m
9f the largest size, of a bloeisb tinge, slightly shrivelled, and as sweet and delicious as
tfie Champion of England, without the tough skin of that variety. •Medium early. It k
f«ry productive, and a new, valuable, and superior pea. A single row, planted one foot
ap«L will 4il the row a foot wide and one foot high. A s^tU ^oantily of this new
v«M^ ^Hmni for *le at #1 per quart

8 AdvertUing Sheet of the Mag. of Hortieutture.

NEW GRAPES FOB YINEKIES.

HOVEY & CO.

BAVB TRB PLBASnXB OP OFFBBINO TBB FOLLOWIMO

NEW AND SUPERIOR VARIBTIS OF THE 6RUE,

Serenl of them leedliogi, raised by the late M. About of Anfen, who devoted many
yean to the improvement of the Grape, and the ochera ptominent new TarieCiea highly
praiied by English grape growers : —

ObftMelag Le Snore. Beny largi^ loand, white, slightly colored, veiy sweet; a
beautiful grape ; very vigoroos.

General de la Marmora. Very large berry, long, white ; beautifhl bunch, and a
Teiy beautifhl gnpe.

lie Xamelon. Beny large round, oblong, greenish, slightly amber-colored in the siuiy
excellent and very early.

Perle Imperial. Beny large white, ovoid, beautiful grape, veiy piodootiTe, and very
vigorous.

Totkay Angerin. Beny medium size, very sweet; bunch large and very beaotifiil;
veiy productive.

Ohaaselai DnhameL Berries large, long, yellow ; bunch large, bears abundantly.

OhaTanalu A new white gmpe, with bunches nine inches long; berries large, long!
•val, and skin of highest amber color ; flesh firm, juicy, rich, and high flavored ;
bunch large and very showy ; grows strong, sets well, and one of the finest white
grapes.

Bnrohardt'a Prinoe. A beautifbl black grape, with a long tapering bunch, very
rich and vinous ; highly praised by the Royal Horticultural Society.

Bteak Alioaate. (Bferedith's.) One of the handsomest and richest flavored grapee.
the freest setter, and one of the best keeping sorts, equal to the Barbarossa; beoies
black. It has taken numerous first prizes at the great exhibitions of grapes in London.

FrankenthaL An old but magnificent black grape, which was among the finest spe-
cimens cultivated in the grspeiy of the London Horticultural Society.

Tjnnlngham Hnaoat. A new variety, similar in appearance to the Muscat of Alex-
andria, but grows more heeety^ sets well, and matures earlier and with less heat

Ingram's Proliflo Hnaoat. A very fine black grape, ripening as eariy as the
Black Hamburg^ with all its good qualities, and a slight Muscat flavor; bunches
large, nine inches long^ and sets fredy ; one of the best grapes for pot culture.

9S KUbjr Street, BoetdM.

t
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

In our last number we gave a report of the discussions upon
apples and grapes, which, though brief, could not well be
extended, without occupying more space than we could spare.
Less complete it would not have conveyed the ideas of those
who gave the information.

Perhaps the discussion on pears may not be so important
just at this time, now that the season for planting is nearly
over, but it will be none the less valuable for future reference,
while the report upon strawberries, will be timely, and of
interest. We therefore improve the opportunity to proceed
with our review of the Society's volume. A portion of the
afternoon was passed in discussing the cultivation of vine-
yards, in which Dr. Warder gave an account of the sys-
tem pursued by the vine-growers around Cincinnati. Nothing
particularly new was elicited, but the information was valua-
ble, because it gave the experience of the most extensive
cultivators, where grape-growing had been made a subject of
particular investigation and study. Mr. Knox, who had also
been a successful grower of grapes for market, and Dr. Grant,
who had been a raiser of vines for sale, gave some account of
their practice, with the mode of manuring, training, &c. We
shall endeavor to find a place for the substance of this discus-
sion at another time. Erroneous, views of the culture of the
grape have been prevalent, and some notice of the different
modes pursued by different growers cannot fail to be interest-
ing, and perhaps important to all who are interested in grape
culture.

PEARS.

Doyenne du CJomice, C. M. Hovey said this was a new
pear ; had fruited at Boston for a few years. At first there
was some doubt as to its hardiness, and it was stated that the
fruit blows off easily ; but further experience proved it no
more faulty in these respects than many others. Tree
healthy, vigorous, upright, and ripens its fruit readily; in

VOL. XXXI. — NO. V. 9

130 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTIOULTUBE.

quality unexceptionable; ripe the last of November, and
keeps into December. It has a short steni, and certainly
blows off more easily tlifin the TTrbaniste. Field said he had
heard that it spotted like the Glout Morceau. Mead said it
was of large size, juicy and spicy ; to be highly recommend-
ed. Mr. Downing's experience with it was the same as Mr.
Hovey's, in every respect.

Des Tonobes. Specimens frpm Messrs. Hovey A Co., and
Mr. C. M. Hovey stated that the principal cultivators around
Boston had been unfortunate with this pear ; that the tree
is rather more tender than most pears, and that they had not
generally fruited it. The tree drops its leaves rather early,
and does not seem to thrive well in damp soils. But it was
grown by some amateurs around Boston with great success.
Soil generally light. He regarded it as a valuable pear.
Smith of Syracuse said it was a tender tree and poor grower,
but a rich pear, though too acid for his taste, and he would
not recommend it for general cultivation. Dr. Houghton of
Philadelphia had two hundred trees, and it had the poorest
wood ; a feeble grower, like Winter Nelis ; winter kills, and
is difficult to manage. Mr. Hovey added that it did not do
well in cold stiflF soils, but required light sandy land. Down-
ing had fruited it, a fine autumn pear, aiid vigorous grower;
was one of the vinous pears, did not do well on the quince.
Field said it sliowed no signs of tenderness with him, and
dwarfs did well ; soil sandy ; will become a favorite as the
trees get older. Hooker had fruited it ; in light soil it is a
fine pear for those who like vinous pears ; but it was, as Dr.
Houghton stated, a bad grower, poor wood.

Wilmington. Mead said it was one of Dr. Brinckle's seed-
lings ; just below naedium, tender, melting, spicy, first rate.

Sheldon. Hooker said it was one of the best, and what is
known of it is favorable. Mr. Hovey said that iu Boston it
was the finest pear of the season, both as regards growth of
the tree and character of the fruit. Has no defect. It was
at one time thought tender, but has not proved so. Judge
Hoadley said it was one of tlie best of pears in his State ;
hardy and excellent. Kelsey said it was hardy in Illinois
and Wisconsin. Haskens, that it had proved satisfactory with

MAT. 131

him. Mead stated it was one of those unusually good pears,
against which nobody has anything to say. Edwards of Mis-
souri said it had done well, and gave excellent satisfaction in
his State. Mr. Hovey said it did not do well on the quince ;
was an early bearer and an ornamental tree. Barry and
Thomas said it did well double worked. Mead said it bore
well and constantly on the pear stock ; and also did well with
him on the quince. Ellwanger said it would not do on quince.
Nelson of Ind.' thought it as hardy as any of his pears. Bort
said it was a favorite, and hardy.

Beurre/ Clairgeau. Barry said it was not so melting a
pear as it ought to be ; bears young, and, on the whole, he
regarded it as valuable ; does not do well on quince stock ; is
a splendid market fruit. Field said it liad great beauty of
color ; a hardy tree, and a fine market pear ; is prolific, bears
regularly, and does not drop its fruit; it is not so good qual-
ity as he could wish it, but he had eaten better specimens than
he had raised. Hovey thought it a handsome and excellent
pear, often a really fine pear, and a handsome tree;' does not
grow on quince. He thought it ought to be cultivated more
extensively. Dr. Houghton said it had a great reputation at
Philadelphia, had many trees double worked, and was a fine
grower on pear or quince, if properly managed ; quality va-
riable with him ; showy and good for market ; but could not
be said to be very good, at least he had never seen it first rate.
Smith said it was not hardy with him, thoudi more so than
the Bartlett. Ellwanger said it was hardy with him.

Beurre' Langelier. Barry said it did not bear young, but
was a good winter pear ; keeps longer than Beurr^ d'Anjou
or Beurr^ Diel ; it was a very good pear. Hovey stated it
did not bear freely until the trees were old, on the pear, and
was rather impatient of the knife on that stock, but at a
proper age it was one of the greatest bearers, is juicy, vinous,
spirited, and a good winter fruit, keeping till the first of
February. Thojmas said a dwarf, planted six or seven years
in his garden, was in full bearing.

Bonne d'Ezeb. Field said the fruit was the type of excel-
lence ripened in the house. Barry said the tree was nice
and compact, but the bark cracked, as did the fruit, some-

132 THE MAGAZINE OF ROBTICULTUBK.

times. Field said a little better culture rendered the bark
smoother.

Doyenne' d'Alencon. Bergen said it was a pear of good
quality, and a good keeper. Ellwanger said it grows better
as it grows older, a fine bearer, and fruit of first quality. Dr.
Houghton said it was an excellent winter pear, substantial,
easily managed and very good. Field said there was not a
single winter pear in the list which succeeded in his soil
except the Lawrence, which is hardly a winter pear. Barry
considered it a valuable pear, not quite as good as Easter
Beurre, but a hardy tree, and keeps well till April. Nelson
of Ind. regarded the whole list of winter pears a failure,(!)
not perhaps in all localities, but as a general thing. Dr.
Houghton very properly thought this was because they were
not picked and treated properly. Thomas said the Lawrence
and Winter Nelis, were not failures.

Columbia. Barry said it dropped from the tree, otherwise
a splendid pear. Parsons said when the trees get age, and
are sheltered, it does not drop. Mead thought ii only a
second-rate pear. Hovey said it blows oflF easily, but was a
valuable pear, and had been overlooked ; ripens up beauti-
fully, and it will be thought more of than it is now. Judge
Hoadley regarded it as a first-rate table fruit, and a great
bearer.

Queen op August. Harkens regarded it as a good pear.
Downing said it was the same as Hosen Shenk.

Stevens's Genesee. Barry said it was not high-flavored,
but good ; rots quick, and must be soon eaten after gather-
ing. Must be picked early. Hooker said it was variable
with him.

Andrews. Hovey said it had been received from France
as the Beurr^ Oudinot, hardy, and a great bearer, sold well
in market ; it is a good pear. Warder said it was an early
and abundant bearer, and a vigorous grower, and was liked
much in Ohio. Thomas said it bore early. Field said it was
a slow grower. Barry said it succeeded well with him.

Beubbe' d'Amaus. Field said it was quite indifferent
in quality, but is large, productive, and good in color ; as
near good for nothing ^ can be. [We regret to differ so

MAT. 183

widely from Mr. Field. Gathered in season it is an excellent
pear. Ed.]

Bergen. Bergen said it was not so good as Bartlett ; but
was profitable ; ripens in October, aud sells at the same price.
One of the six most profitable pears in cultivation, bears
early on pear. Judge Hoadley said it took well on the quince
with him.

Beubbe' Habdy. Barry said it was a high flavored pear,
mnch like the Sheldon ; a good pear, but does not keep long
enough. Downing said it was promising with himv— a fine
pear, and he would not like to be without it.

Flemish Beauty. Nelson wanted two stars [in the Cata-
logue] added for Northern Indiana. It is the star pear for
that State. Dr. Warder said it was better north of 40^ than
south of it. In the latter it rots at the core. Beeler said it
stood just as high in Central Indiana. Bateham said it was
not a " beauty" in Ohio.

Beubbe^ Montgebon. Field wished this pear added to the
list.

Jaminette. Ellwanger said it was one of the finest growers
he had, but lato in bearing. Fruit largo, keeps till middle
of December. Oood, but not best. Smith said the fruit had
a thick skin, and transports well. Hovey said it was an old
pear, with a coarse skin, not much flavor, and not desirable,
as we had plenty better pears of its season.

Lb Cube', or Vicab. Harkens wanted to know about its
quality. Field said it was indispensable in a pear orchard.
Muir said twice in five years it had winter killed in Missouri.
Bort said it was hardy with him. Dr. Warder said it was a
great cooking pear, and most valuable for canning. Field
said his family cooked no other pear, and, when ripe, eat no
other. Beadle, it was useless and worthless with him.
Tliomas said in warm autumns it was pretty good, not other-
wise. Downing never saw it fit to eat, but the best of all
cooking pears; Hovey said it was not first-rate, 4»ut desira-
ble. Sold well in market.

EiNGSBSSiNO. Hooper said it was a good grower on quince ;
fruit excellent, thinks highly of it. Parry said it did well
with him, — gives great satisraction. Hovey said there was

134 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

but one objection to it ; it blows off easily, otherwise excel-
lent. Hooker said it was a beautiful fruit, a vigorous tree,
and grows better as it grows older, thought it would become
a good market fruit. Hovey said it never rotted at the core.

Fredebica Bremer. EUwanger said it was an indifferent
fruit. Barry, that it was quite variable in quality.

Manninq's Euzabeth. Downing said it was only a first
rate amateur pear, too small for market. Bergen said it was
grown with profit at Monmouth, N. J. Hovey considered it ^
the besi early pear for market ; ripe the 8d week in August,
a great bearer, and sells well. A most desirable pear, and
very beautiful. Dr. Houghton said it was gaining in reputa-
tion in all directions. Beeler thought it one of the hand-
somest of early pears*

KiBTLAND. Field said it had proved worthless with him,
rots badly at core. Downing said it rotted on young trees,
but less on old trees, — a fine pear. Thomas said the flavor
was good, but unfortunately it rots. Hooper had aban-
doned, all idea that it will ever be of any value. Hovey
said it was faulty, rots badly, and could not say much in
favor of it.

Marie Louise. Field said it was large, fine, fair^ and of deli-
cious flavor. Downing said it improves as the trees get older.
Smith had had fine specimens, rich and spicy. Hovey said it
was one of the very finest pears. Dr. Houghton did not
understand why a tree should not perfect fruit young just as
well as old.[!]

Oswego Beuere'. Hooker thought it one of the best, bears
early, and well, both as standard and dwarf; sometimes
cracks. Hoopes liad full crops, but no good fruit. Thomas
said it cracked badly, as did also Nelson and Bergen. Hovey
said it required thinning to get good fruit, and, with proper
attention, he thought it one of the best.

Muskingum. Field said on pear it is a fine fruit.

Beubr^Saplieb. Barry said it was an excellent pear, as
good as Belle Lucrative.

Howell. Barry thought it one of the most promising of
American pears, though not equal to Sheldon in flavor. It
is a month later than Bartlett, is fair, and grows well on

HAY. 185

quince. Hovey had fruited it for several years, and consid-
ered it very valuable, always handsome and good.
This ended the discussion on pears.

PEACHES.

Hale's Early. Bateliam regarded it as the very best of
our early peaches, and a great acquisition. Tree healthy,
thrifty, and hardy. The fruit is only too good — too juicy for
transportation to long distances; ten days earlier than
Troth's Earfy. Marshall endorsed what Mr. Bateham said.
Thomas found it eai-ly. Parry and Mead thought it the
earliest good peach.

raspbebbies.

Philadelphia. Parry said it originated in the County of
Philadelphia ; perfectly hardy, crop uniform, never protected
it ; canes strong, smooth, purple in color ; fruit large, pro-
ductive, yielding 220 bushels per acre; flesh firm, carries
well ; slow to propagate. Enox did not esteem it so highly.
Bergen thought it the same grown forty years ago, then called
the Bed Raspberry.

STBAWBERBIES.

[Mr. Knox opened the discussion by the very remarkable
statement that " it is or ought to be, well known, that varie-
ties deteriorate," and their value depended upon locality and
cultivation. We were not present at the time, or we should
have controverted this so far as regards deterioration ; that
some soils are more favorable to certain sorts than others
there is no doubt, and that cultivation has a material eflTect
upon the crop. But if we are to understand that a variety
deteriorates when the proper soil and culture are given, this
we deny.]

Mr. Knox cultivated the Baltimore Scarlet, Burr's Now
Pine, Jenny Lind, and Golden Seedling, the last named ex-
cellent. The Fillmore, he thought, had been overlooked.
Russell's Prolific is of great worth, will plant it largely.
TroUope's Victoria, Nimrod, and British Queen, he recom-
mended as foreign varieties.

136 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

Russell's Prolific. Hooker said it was a productive ber-
ry ; large, handsome, good quality ; not very firm, for home
use excellent ; it is pistillate, whicli he thought a drawback.
Perry said it had given great satisfaction in N. J. It is
considered the best. Has competed with other varieties on
exhibition, and in market, and succeeds in winning favor.
Wilson's is used as a fertilizer. Parsons liked the fruit
much.

Buffalo. Barry inquired if it was not identical with the
Russell's Prolific ? Hooker did not think it w'as. Bragden
tliought there might be a similarity in foliage and habit, but
the form and general character of the fruit was distinct, and
not so good a flavor, or so sprightly and acid. The BufiGeJo
was hermaphrodite.

Triumph de Gand. Parsons said some people regarded as
worthless as a market berry. Harkens said it was not found
profitable in North Pa. Parry said it did not succeed in
N.J.

Agriculturist. Mr. Mead gave a flaming account of this
new berry ; grows to an enormous size, and enormously pro-
ductive; a strong grower; had seen berries measuring be-
tween seven and eight inches in circumference ; color not the
best, but good, and the same may be said of its quality. On
tho whole the most remarkable strawberry ever raised, and
throws entirely into the shade such plants as Wilson's. Mr.
Bergen Iiad seen the plant and its fruit, and confirmed all
that Mr. Mead had said of it.

French's Seedling. Parry said the fruit was large, early,
good quality, and very attractive in appearance ; plant vigor-
ous and spreading rapidly in all kinds of soil. Color bright
scarlet, attractive, goes into market the very first, and com-
mands the highest price ; not quite so early as the Early
Scarlet, but is close to it, and much larger ; seems to com-
bine the good qualities of the Early Scarlet and Hovey's
Seedling. An accidental variety found in a meadow, her-
maphrodite. Meehan said in Philadelphia it was as popular
as any variety in market. The Triumph and Wilson are
also popular, and the Hovey has almost disappeared. The
Lady's Finger is largely sold.

MAT, 187

Boston Pine. Knox said he wanted it distinctly under-
stood that there is no Bartlett Strawberry; it and the Boston
Pine are identical. The Society voted to reject the name of
Bartlett.

Jocund A. Warder wanted to know something about it.
Bateham saw it at Cleveland, where it came from Washing-
ton. ^ No foreign variety he had seen equalled it, except the
Triumph. He thought it identical with Mr. 'Knox's 700.
Hr. Knox said his 700 vms not a name, it was so numbered by
him, and he wanted to find out what it was ; he thought it a
beauty, no matter what name it bears. Dr. Warder thought
the two identical.

Excepting some miscellaneous information introduced in
the discussion of other matters, this was the closing of the
disQussion upon particular fruits.

The evening sessions, as well as some brief discussions dur-
ing each day, were devoted to the vineyard culture of the
grape, peach culture, cranberry culture, ripening and keep-
ing winter pears, and injurious insects, the last of which was
continued principally by Dr. Trimble of N. J., who has made
the subject a study, and who intends to publish a Treatise
upon Inseicts. We shall endeavor to find space for the most
interesting portion of these several subjects.

PEAR TREES IN POTS.
BY T. arnERS.

We have already, in our previous volumes, and especially
in our remarks upon Mr. Brehaut's Treatise, given our views
respecting Orchard-House and Pot-Culture of trees, especially
of the hardier and certain fruits, which may be easily raised
in our climate. As objects of profit it is not expected that
they will receive much attention ; but as objects of interest
and beauty, as sources of continued recreation and pleasure
in tending, rearing and growing them, as well as a means of
procuring specimens of the very best fruits, they will be more
and more cultrvated, and become indispensable additions to
every complete collection.

188 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

Dr. Diel, the celebrated German pomologist, who cultivated
and proved all the fruits of his day in pots which he so accurate-
ly described in Iiis valuable work, was an enthusiast in this mode
of culture, and thought far more of his grafted trees than he
did of the mobt beautiful flowers. After, as he says, wasting
his leisure evening in cultivating flowers, which " required
fifty weeks of care for two weeks of pleasure," he gave^them
up, and his flowering &uit trees became his pet flowers, as
they did those of many of his friends, who became imbued
with his enthusiasm and zeal. We shall not, like Dr. Diel,
call that time wasted which nurtures and tends the beautiful
plant, even if it does not give us but a short season of bloom,
but we see no reason why fruit trees may not be made
ornamental as well as valuable, and we doubt not that fruil*
trees in pots, will be as generally cultivated as they were
nearly a hundred years ago, by the German lovers of delicious
fruit. Those who think the idea new have only to consult
Dr. Diel's work on Pomology, to show that it is an old, well
tried and sure method of raising the finest specimens.

Mr. Rivers, to whom we are indebted for his exertions in
reviving this species of culture, and who has introduced it
somewhat extensively to notice, in an excellent paper in the
Gardeners' Chronicle gives his experience with pear trees iu
pots. As a safe guide to new beginners, we give his entire
article, and commend it to all who are desirous of giving this
mode of culture a trial : —

How almost absurd it seems even now, how absurd it
would have been thought a few years ago, to ^ite on such a
subject: for one is so inclined to think of a small stunted
plant confined in a pot, and always crying, like Sterne's star-
ling, " I can't get out." Thanks to the acquirement of knowl-
edge under difficulties and prejudices, this idea has vanished,
and those who have gone into the culture of fruit trees in pots
are now surprised that it has been left to the present age for
its development. The great source of success is undoubtedly
the modern method of feeding trees by rich surface dress-
ings ; at one time a plant or tree placed in a pot was duly
watered, but never fed, so that at the end of summer its hard

MAT. 189

ball of earth was without nutriment, which had all been
washed out of it, and the tree consequently starved.

There are no fruit trees that so fully return thanks in kind
for liberal surface feeding as pear trees on quince stocks,
and none that can be kept more fully in a state of robust
health in pots. This is owing to their numerous fibrous
roots, which readily come to the surface with open mouths if
rich food is given to them.

Pear trees may be potted at any time from November till
the end of March, and curiously enough, if potted when the
blossom buds are bursting, they will often bear a fair crop the
same season. The pots best adapted for them are 18-inch,
and in these, without repotting, they will continue to grow
and bear fine fruit for 10, 16, or more years, the only culture
required being top-dressing and surface-dressing. The for-
mer should be done in November, by taking out the surface
soil four to five inches deep, and replacing it with some fresh
compost well rammed down ; the latter, in June, by giving
some rich surface dressing, so as to He two or tlireo inches
above the rim of the pot, forming a reservoir surface to hold
water. This dressing should be repeated in July, and again
in August; it' may be made with horse-droppings from the
roads soaked with liquid manure, and mixed with a small
quantity of loam, or by the best of all surface feeders — the '
former material and malt or kiln dust, equal quantities, satu-
urated with liquid manure — this should not be laid in a heap,
or fermentation makes it smell like a den of very dirty wild
beasts. The compost for potting and top-dressing in autumu
should be garden mould or sandy loam, two-thirds, and rot-
ten manure one-third.

With regard to the management of the trees after being
potted, the pots should at once be plunged in the ground to
three-fourths of their depth,* and if in autumn, some litter,
leaves, or manure should be placed on them to protect their
roots from frost. As but few trees will be likely to bear the
first season, they may remain plunged throughout the sum-
mer. In the autumn all will be found studded with blossom

^ If the soil be light and sandjr, the pots majr be plunged to their rims ; if
cold and stiff, not so deepljr.

140 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTUBB.

buds. In November they may be removed to their winter
and spring quarters, which may be (if no glass-roofed sheds
are convenient) a lean-to shed of any kind, sloping to the
N. E., and closed there, but open to the S. W. Three, or four
rows of trees may be placed here in front, iho pots partially
plunged and protected with manure; and here they may
remain till they have blossomed and set their fruit; in short,
till all danger from spring frosts is over, which here in Hert-
fordshire is not till the first week in June. Tliey will require
duly watering, perhaps once a week, commencing the first
week in March.

When the fruit is fully set and safe, the trees may be
removed to their summer quarters; the pots plunged, and
surface dressings given as above directed.

The very finest pears may be grown by tliis method of cult-
ure in all climates warm enough to ripen them. In cool
climates the orchard-house must be called into requisition.
Mr. Thomson, of Dalkeith, has, I believe, grown pears on
trees in pots under glass much finer in every respect than
those from his wall trees. This is quite enough to decide the
question as to the feasibility of growing pears in pots in a
cool climate. Here, where they bear well, and ripen their
fruit in the open air, they are most interesting, and give but
little trouble.

With regard to the quantity of fruit borne by trees in pots
as compared with wall trees, I have frequently seen more
pears on a nicely pruned pyramid of four or five years old
than on a straggling wall tree five times tl>at age ; for if well
fed, and their shoots pinched in in summer, pear trees in pots
become most remarkably prolific, and above all, they are
always healthy and free from canker.

If pyramidal pear trees in pots are attended to in summer
by pinching off the ends of all their young shoots as soon as
they have made three or four full-sized leaves, they soon
become models of perfection both in form and fertility; but
the great advantage derived from their culture is the facility
of removing the trees to a place where their blossoms can be
protected from our spring frosts — the greatest evil we have to
guard against in pear culture, for it is now well known that

MAT. 141

pear trees on quince stocks always show abundance of blos-
soms, yet too seldom give a good crop.

Another advantage this mode of culture gives is that of
making the cultivator independent as to the nature of his
soil. It may be chalk or clay, gravel or sand, yet a few bush-
els of good loam and manure in which to put his trees make
him free of all anxiety on this head. There is no fear of the
roots of his trees penetrating to an unfavorable substratum,
for if surface dressing is freely given in summer, the roots
seem almost by instinct to come up to feed, and scarcely
attempt to enter the soil beneath the pot. If they ever do
this, the annual removal of the pots to and from their winter
and spring quarters is quite a sufficient root-pruning.

Although I have mentioned the front of any shed open to
the S. W. as being calculated to give sufficient shelter to the
trees during their blossoming period, there is no doubt but
that a roomy airy orchard-house would be far better. I men-
tioned a shed to show very humble cultivators what may be
done if they happen to have one ready built. If a shed is to
be built there is nothing better or cheaper than cheap 21-oz.
glass — " fourths " as it is called in the trade — to roof it with.
A lean-to shed 10 feet wide, and 20 or 30 feet long, would
shelter a great number of trees ; but instead of its roof sloping
to the N. E., as recommended for common sheds roofed with
slates, or thatch, or felt, it should slope to the S. W. ; the
back may be eight feet in height, and the front four feet, the
back (and ends if the place is exposed) close boarded and
the front open. Gkirdeners and amateurs are, as far as I
have seen, not at all aware of the usefulness of these lean-to
glass-roofed sheds open in front; they should have their raf-
ters 20 inches asunder, and if glazed with the above-men-
tioned cheap strong glass their cost is but trifling. In cli-
mates not sufficiently warm to ripen pears, the trees might
remain in them the year through ; there are also many gar-
den crops that might be cultivated under them. Intelligent
gardeners would make good use of them if once established
as necessary appendages to a garden. With regard to fruit
trees in pots, one can scarcely calculate the advantages to
tiiem from being under a roof during the winter ; their roots

142 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTUBE.

are sheltered from the heavy cold storms of winter, and
become ripe and hard. I am at this time building one of
these lean-to glass-roofed sheds 200 feet long and 14 feet
wide, with a very old Yew hedge for its back wall ; it is open
in front, and intended merely for the shelter of fruit trees;
its climate will be dry, Uie great desideratum in England.

As this shed is built after rather an original method, and
not a brick used in its construction, although its foundations
are perhaps nearly as durable as brick, it maj^be worthy of a
short description,

Its posts, on the top of which is laid the plate, are of deal,
and five inches by four. These are let into cast-iron sockets
two feet long, five inches by four in diameter outside meas-
ure, and four inches by three inside measure ; each socket
has a flange at bottom 3| inches wide, which forms a footing
of about one foot in diameter, and if the soil is well rammed,
this holds the building fast. These sockets are let into the
earth to the depth of fifteen inches, leaving nine inches of the
iron casing above the surface of the soil. Each post is let
into the socket one foot, and rests on a shoulder, so that when
fitted in, the iron socket and post fit accurately, and have a
very neat appearance. The advantages of building light
glass-roofed sheds after tins method are obvious enough. 1.
If a tenant wishes to remove his glass-roofed shed, which may
perhaps be a vinery or a peachery, he has merely to draw
tlie posts from their sockets, leaving them in the unbroken
ground for his landlord. 2. There are no foundations to dig,
or bricks and mortar — those detestable nuisances — to be cart-
ed. 8. They are light and airy, and as useful as if built by
what the Yankees call ^^ a ponderous British builder."

POMOLOOICAL GOSSIP.

The Grapes in the Londok HoBncuLXUBAL SoaETY's
Garden. — We have in our late volumes given much informa-
tion in relation to the collection of grapes cultivated in the
Society's garden at Ghiswick, wliich was made with a view to

MAY. 143

test the qualities of the various grapes. Tlie Gardeners'
Chronicle contains a notice of this collection, which may
interest grape growers, and we copy the information in regard
to the same. The grapes were planted seven years ago, and
many of them liave been removed and replaced, or grafted
with other sorts. Thirty varieties were exhibited October
last. No extraordinary pains were taken in preparing the
border, and half were planted inside and half outside. The
strongest plants, all other circumstances being equal, are
those having their roots outside, and they have the largeslf
bunches and berries.

The thirty varieties exhibited form only part of the large
collection which exists at Chiswick. The best for a general
crop among the black sorts is unquestionably the Black
Hamburgh, and especially that variety of it called the Pran-
kenthal. The Dutch Hamburgh is larger, but comparatively
coarse, and is by no means to be preferred. The Muscat
Hamburgh is esteemed by those who like the Muscat flavor ;
its bunches and berries are improved in size by being grafted
on the Black Hamburgh, on which it also sets better. The
Esperione colors well, being of a bluish black ; but we observe
that under this name the true sort is not always met with.
The Black Prince is well deserving of a place in a collection ;
some remarkably fine bunches of this old variety were exhib-
ited in the past season. The Morocco Prince, said to have
been raised between the Black Prince and Black Morocco,
has a sprightly flavor. Burchardt's Prince is capable of being
grown to a large size, but it requires rather more heat than
the Black Hamburgh to developo it in full perfection; it
hangs well, forming a succession of the Black Hamburgh
varieties. The same may be said of the Black Morocco. As
a late sort, Oldaker's West's St. Peter's must be reckoned
very useful ; although not so large as the Black Barbarossa,
its bunches are more compact. As a late sort, however. Lady
Downes' Seedling is perhaps the best for flavor, and it. pro-
duces handsome bunches of a fine black color. Catalenesia
Nera has tolerably large bunches, black, as its name implies,
but the berries are not sufficiently large. The Black Monuk-
ka forms a large buneh, witli berries not very large, but ston^

144 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTUBE.

less. Tills being the case, it may become valuable as a
stoneless raisin grape in those countries or colonies which
possess a climate sufficiently hot and dry for rendering the
fruit an article of commerce. Tlife Siderites Smyrna is a
large late grape, but coarse-fleshed and hollow;

Of the white grapes exhibited, the White Muscat of Alex-
andria must still rank at the head ; for although the Canon
Hall Muscat is larger, both in bunch and berry, yet it is not
so rich ; still it is a noble looking grape, and well deserves
cultivation, but by no means to the exclusion of the old sort.
The Royal Muscadine is a good bearer, and can be grown
where a less degree of heat can only be afforded than that
which the Muscats require. Beeves' Muscadine forms a
compact bunch, will siu5ceed in the same temperature as the
preceding, and is deserving of cultivation. Of the old and
deservedly much esteemed- White Frontignan good bunches
were exhibited; and there were veiy fine bunches of the
Golden Hamburgh. The White Nice is not reckoned first-
rate as regards flavor ; but its bunches are large, hang long,
and are sometimes ripened to tolerably good flavor. The
Blussard Blanc is a wine grape. The Raisin de Calabre is
good looking, hangs long, and is sometimes desirable and
useful on account of these properties ; in quality it is tolera-
bly good, but not rich.

Of red or rose-colored grapes, the Chasselas Rose de Pal-
loux has a long slender bunch, with berries of a beautiful
reddish tinge. The Tokay des Jardins resembles the preced-
ing, but is not so good. The Ahb^, an Indian grape, from
the Deccan, is always much admired for its beautiful rose-
Qolored tinge ; it has a Sweet-water flavor, but is not rich.
, From this exhibition it will be seen that by fruiting the
numerous varieties in the extensive collection of the Royal
Horticultural Society at Chiswick that have yet to be proven,
and exhibiting them, a knowledge of the best varieties may at
length be disseminated amongst those interested in the culti-
vation of this excellent and highly useful fruit; and by
making selections again and again, those most worthy of the
expense and care attending their production need only be
ultimately employed. Thus we may ensure in tliis country

MAT. 145

the finest grapes in tbe world. This too, we may obfenre, is
creditably ^nd legitimate work for a horticultural society to
engage in ; and it alone stamps a Talue upon plain praoticd
Chiswick, which is* to be sought in vain in acres of fashionable
parade ground.

DESCRIPTIONS OP SELECT PEARa

Vr THB XDITOR.

Wb add two more to our list of pears, — ^not new varieties,-^
but which are, as yet, very little known, and have not fruited
only in amateur or select collections of the pear.

Paul Theuens. Album de PotwlogiCy Vol. I.

^ This variety was received by us, with many others, from
Belgium, as long ago as 1854, but the trees have not borne
scarcely any fruit till last season, when the crop was large,
and the specimens excellent. Previous to that time the few
specimens had been imperfect and under-sized, showing that,
like most other pears, its real characteristics cannot be judged
until the tree gets age.

The Paul Theliens (fio. 6) is stated in the Album de
Pomologie, where it was first figured, to be one of Van Mons's
seedlings, and the tree of which first bore in 1844. It was
dedicated to M. Paul Theliens of Jodoigne. It was from the
same lot of seeds as the Lucien Le Glerc.

The tree is pyramidal in habit, vigorous, and has, as M.
'Bivort says, a most ^^ magnificent aspect." It comes in at a
season when we have but few pears, and, so far, appears a
valuable addition to colleotions.

Size, large, about four inches long, and three and a half in
diameter: Form, oblong obovate, large at the crown, narrow*
ing into the stem, where it is rather thick and fleshy : Skin, fair,
smooth, yellowish, with a pale blush in the sun, slightly russet-
ed in the shjEMle ; Stem, rather short, abput three^uarteni of an
ioeh lQQg,yery thick, stout, iSeshy, and attached by a wrinkled
f^d flashy junction, oblique 2 Bye, medium aise, open, and

YOL. XXXI. — NO. V. . 10

146

THE MAGAZINE OP HOBTICULTUBE.

considerably sunk in a regularly deep russeted basin ; segf-
ments of the calyx short, stiff, projecting : Fleshyyellowish,
little coarse, melting, juicy, with a pleasant, slightly perfumed

6. PIVL THBLlENt.

aroma: Core, rather large: Seeds, very large, long, and
sharply pointed, dark brown. Kipe in November.

Souvenir d'Espbbin.

A specimen of this pear was kindly sent us last fall, by the
Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, in whose collection it has fruited
for one or two years. It is a laTge, showy, and very good

KAY.

147

pear, ai\^ if the characieristics of the tree are as favorable as
the quality of the fruit, it will prove a good addition to our
collections. Not knowing what these are, our trees not having
yet borne, we describe the pear, and shall watch the growth
and bearing of the tree.

7. BOUTKIIIB D'fitPBRlH.

Size, large, about three and a half inches long, and three
inches in diameter : Form, pyramidal, largest near the middle,
rounding off to the crown, and tapering to an obtuse point at
the stem : Skin, fair, smooth, dull yellow at maturity, mottled
with red in the sun, and nearly covered with thin tracings of
lij^t russet inconspicuous yellow dots: Stem, rather short,
about half an inch long, stout, straight, and inserted without

148 • THE MAGAZINE OP HOBTTCULTURB.

any perceptible cavity in the obtuse end : Eye, small, nearly
closed, and moderately sunk in a small, somewhat furrowed
basin ; segments of the calyx fleshy, incurved : Flesh, yellowish
white, fine, melting, with a brisk vinous, slightly perfumed
juice : Core, medium size : Seeds, small, light brown. Ripe
in November.

THE DISCOVERY OF VICTORIA REGIA.

BY SIR ROBCRT H. • SCHOMBUBOK.

The latest English papers annoiuice the death of this emi-
nent traveller and author of various works on Natural History,
at Berlin, on the 11th of March.

We happen to have in our possession a very interesting
letter from Sir Robert Schomburgk, giving an account of the
discovery of the Victoria Regia. We had intended to publish
it some time ago, but papers of more immediate interest, to a
majority of our readers, induced us to lay it aside. His death
will give it additional value, and it cannot otherwise than be
interesting to every genuine lover of plants.

It will be recollected that Mr. J. F. Allen of Salem, pub-
lished a beautiful work on the Victoria Regia, with superbly
colored plates by Wm. Sharp. Upon its completion Mr.
Sharp sent a copy to Sir Robert Schomburgk, then British
Consul at St. Domingo. The letter is dated February, 1868,
and is in acknowledgment for the copy. • It will be noticed
that he gives due credit to Mr. Sliarp for his artistic delinea-
tion of thaflowers, as well as to Mr. Allen, for his enthusiastic
and faithful description of the magnificent lily : —

British Consulate,
Santo Domingo, February 16, 1858.
My Dear Sir, — I had yesterday the great pleasure of reoeiv^
ing your handsome present of the beautiful work, diescribiflg
the " Victoria Regia;" and as it happens that an opportunitgr
offers itself just now for the United States, I take the pen to
express to you my kindest and ancerf»t tliauks.

MAT. 149

When opening the large package, which containe(f this
splendid specimen of art and typography, I had no idea of its
contents — my friend, Sir William Hooker, not having written
to me. Imagine, Uierefore, how surprised I was to see those
splendid representations of the beautiful plant I discovered
in 1887.

The description, as far as the short time since I received it
has permitted me to peruse tlie letter press, is delightful, and
written with enthusiastic feelings for so worthy a subject.
The plates are splendid — as well in conception as in execu-
tion. I miss in the coloring the vivid crimson, changing into
a brighter hue towards the base of the petals, whic^ are so
peculiar to the flower in its native regions. In this regard it
is well represented in Curtis's Bot. Magaz., the flower in Ta-
ble 4276, the bud in 4278. The turned-up edge, and under-
side of the leaf are likewise much more brilliant in color than
represented in your handsome plates. This naturally arises
from the want of intense light and congenial rays of the
tropical sun, and from cultivation in a confined artificial
atmosphere. The flower itself seems to sport not only in
color, but likewise in shape of the coronet. The time of
opening is different in nature. I never saw a flower 6pening
during noontide, or in the afternoon, as your Salem plant
did. When commencing with daybreak our journey, I fre-
quently witnessed the first opening of the bud, pure white, as
it is so nearly represented in your second plate ; only that
the calyx is somewhat fuller and broader. At that time the
delicious odor spreads, and scents tlie air for a considerable
distance, but at noontide the flower is nearly scentless ; the
first blush of the young flower appears three or four hours
after opening, and increases to spread iii a brilliant crimson
over the inner petals. Tiie coronet that encircles the star
mens and pistil is streaked wiili yellow, as represented by you.

I wish you could have witnessed with me a (watery) field
of these royal lilies, wliere frequently we had to cut ourselves
a passage for our canoes, their gigantic leaves forming footing
for all kind of water-birds ; prominent among them, the larg-
est of all the ducks, the Anas moschata, or musk duck, apd
the strangely Colored and long-toed Jacana (Parra Jacana).

150 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

The letter-press, in explanatioi)/ of jour plates, abounds in
kind feelings towards me, for which I am truly thankful.
There is no doubt that the plant had beeh seen bj scientific
travellers, previous to my discovering it in the river Berbice.
They kept however their discovery a sealed book ; and only
after I had made known the existence of the Royal Water
Lily to the civilized world, a number of claimants came for-
ward ! Had poor Thaddeus Haenke returned to his native
country, or had he sent his description of the vegetable king-
dom under the tropics to any other part of Europe than to
Spain, as then constituted, it would not have devolved upon
me to give an account of the " Victoria Regia." It requires
perhaps a few words to explain the name. When I discovered
the great water-lily in 1837, my travelling library contained
only SprengeFs edition of Linn^'s System, the latest edition
existing at tliat time (but having presented it to a friend
before leaving Guiana I cannot quote the year.) The water*
lily before me was certainly not described in that edition, or
if so — in an erroneous manner. I considered myself author-
ized to use the privilege of a botanical discoverer, to give the
name I liked to my new discovery. I was animated by the
desire to prove my gratitude for the fact, that I, a foreigner
by birth, had met so much encouragement in my scientific
travels from the British government, and from the Geograph-
ical Society of London ; hence the thought struck me, that
this plant, the most eminent of my botanical researches in
Guiana, should bear the name of her, upon whom the nation
rested their hopes, namely, that of Her Royal Highness Prin-
cess Victoria. I alluded even in my description to the
resemblance the water-lily bears to a' gigantic rose, and the
unison of the two colors of York and Lancaster in the Victo-
ria Regia. On the arrival of my description and drawings,
Her Majesty had just ascended^Ae throne, and my friend Dr.
Lindley having ascertained that the plant formed a new
genus, a deputation of the Royal Geographical Society waited
upon the Queen, requesting that she would graciously con-
descend that my wish of naming it after her should be com-
plied with. A great paper-war has been carried on at home,
about the name this wonderful plant bears in the soientifio

MAT. 151

world. I claim the right to it, although, according to botani-
cal precepts mj fiame does not stand as the author of it. It
is for the first time that I have explained myself in the fore-
going manner. The satisfaction of having brought the ex-
istence of this vegetable wonder to the knowledge of the
civilized world, and that I conduced to give to thousands and
thousands the pleasure of seeing it cultivated and in all its
beautj, in Europe and the northern parts of America, is a
sufficient satisfaction to me.

I must not omit to observe to you that His Grace the Duke
of Devonshire possessed a wcUer color painting of the Victoria
Regia, executed in 1840, by Bartholomew, under my direc-
tions, exhibiting the flower and leaf according to natural
size. I saw it last at Chiswick in 1848, but I am unacquaint-
ed whether it is still in existence.

I have described the feelings that agitated me when I first
saw this wonderful plant in 1837 ; and I can now assure you
that they were revived in all their freshness when looking
over the beautiful plates, full of artistic feeling, and the
conceptions of a true admirer of nature^s glorious produc-
tions, as represented in the work you have had the goodness
to send to me.

Sir William Hooker has had the goodness to send to me
some seeds of the Victoria Begia ; strange to say, by the same
opportunity that brought me your plates.* I trust they may
vegetate and take root in some of the fresh-water lagoons of
this country.

I shall be happy to hear from you, and I beg you will
command my services whenever you think they would be of
advantage to you. %

Believe me very truly your obliged

Robert H. Schombubgk.

PLOEICULTURAL NOTICES.

Chinese Pbimboses. — Chinese Primroses are certainly
amongst the most useful of winter-flowering plants for the

162 THE MAOAZnCB OV HOBTIOULTUBB.

grednhotlse and conservatory, both on account of Aieir beaa-
ty and the variety of iispect which they present. We hava
already adverted to some very fine double-flowered sorts
brought into notice by Messrs. F. k. A. Smith, of Dulwiefa;
and we have been lately much gratified by the sight of a box
of flowers from Messrs. Windebank & Kingsbury, Niu*8ery*
men of Soutl^mpton, who were, we learn, the raisers of tha
varieties grown by Messrs. Smith. Their strain <^ PrimalU
is a remarkably fine one. The flowers are large, full, and
frilled, and in color vary from white, through shades of pale
ilesh-color, to blush of deepest hue, and from that again to
the carmine-rose tint of M. Benary's carminata, and m.
through the ordinary deep rose tints to a very dark purple
rose. The pale ones especially are also remarkable for a
large yellow star-like eye, sometimes measuring fully fite-
eighths of an inch across, the flowers themselves being about
two indies. Some Others are splashed and flaked with rose
on a white ground; and both pure white and flesh-tinted
white as well as rose and rosy purple full double flowers were
amongst those sent for inspection. With respect to these
double-flowered sorts, which, with those of the Messrs. Smith,
are decided acquisitions, Messrs. Windebank k Kingsbury
state that after several years careful selection and hybridiz-
ing, they have succeeded in fixing tho valuable property of
producing double flowers from seed, from 10 to 20 per cent.
6f the seedlings coming double. In illustration of this they
further state, that since 1862 they have produced upward of
200 double-flowered plants, all from seed. — ( Oard. Chron.')

Winter Yabiegated Pelabooniuhb. — Variegated foliaged
plants have become very fashionable .of late years for sum-
mer and autumn decoration, but none surpass in beauty at
this season of the year some of the Variegated Pelargoniums
whether considered as ornamental plants for the greenhouse,
conservatory, or for mixing with flowers in bouquets and
vases. I have for some few years past cultivated the various
classes of Zonal, Garland and Marbled Pelargoniums, both
for exhibition and bedding purposes ; and I find that some of
the variegated section are beautiful objects during the winter
season, while others which are worthy of admiration both iit

^ MAT. 158

and out of doors during the summer^ nre bj no meaAs oma-
mental now. Mrs. PoUook^ Sanset^ and others of the tricolor
class appear to lose all their beautj during the winter
months unless kept in a hothouse; while others are much
more attractive now than in the summer. The most strik*
iug variety in my collection at th^ present time is Burning
Bush, which I believe was raised by Mb. Hallt. One plants
which is about tliree years old, is exceedingly beautiful, every
leaf on it having the deep pink circular band, which is now
much brighter than it is in summer. Picturatum is the next
best but does not approach in beauty to Burning Bush.
(^Oard. Chran.')

806. Gamelua Giaedino Schmitz. Garden Hybrid.

miMtratioD HortiGole. 1860, »L 410.

A new and beautiful Italian variety, with imbricated flow-
ers, of a delicate pale rose, or pink, the edges of the petals
slightly notched, but possessing a good form and handsome
outline. It flowers abundantly, is constant in form, and has
a fine habit, with an elongated foliage, which is quite distinct.
It is a fine acquisition, (i//. Hort.y Aug.)

807. Hibiscus Gooperii HorL Sib Daniel Goopeb'b Hibis^

0U8. (Malvacesd.) New Holland.

a cJr^enhooM plant; crowing three feet hUh; with Yariftated folince and scarlet ffowen;
■ » p ta rt ng In ■dromef ; lacreaeed by omtlnfe ; grown in light rich toll. 111. Hort., 1864, pi. 41S.

A remarkable and magnificent species or variety of Hibis-
cus, with the showy flowers of the H. Sinensis, and narrow
delicate foliage, mottled spotted and striped with white, crim*
son and green, in a more extensive variegation than any of
the variegated leaved plants. This, added to its fine shrubby
habit, and splendid la^ge flowers, stamps it as one of the
most brilliant plants introduced into our collections. We
have seen nothing so distinct and unique, the young foliage
being yellowish white, with stripes of green, and a distinct
edging of scarlet. Our own specimen has not yet flowered,
but we regard it, even without its flowers, as a grand acqui-
sition. It will undoubtedly flourish well planted out in sum-
mer, as our own plant was, last season, and taken up and pot*
ted and wintered in a warm greenhouse, (i//. Hdrt.^ Sept.)

154 THB MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE. ,

807. Acer pseubo-platanub yar. Lbopolihi EM. Leo-
pold's Maple. (Aceraceae.) Oarden Hybrid.

A hardy tree t with Tariecated foUafe. in. Ilort., 1864, pi. 411.

A new and very striking variety of the sycamore or English
maple, found among a lot of* seedlings, in the collection of
M. Vervaene of Ledeberg Lez Gand. The leaves are richly-
colored with purple and green, the younger almost entirely
crimson. It will be a rich acquisition among ornamental
trees, and form a grand companion to the well-known purple
leaved variety already in our gardens, (itf. Hbrt.y Sept,)

dtntral Itotitts*

Taoetes pumila. — One of the best things which have come under niy
notice for some time is Tagetes pumila. I have seen nothing to surpass
this annual when well managed ; its neat habit, serrated foliage, profusion
of bloom, pretty orange-colored flowers, and long duration, stamp it at once
as one of the most useful bedding plants we have. Last season this was
furnished by my seedsman, with a strong recommendation to try it. In May
I planted out a row in order to give it a fair trial, and although I flat-
ter myself that I have the gems of the bedding plants (and shall bed oot
this season nearly 40,000), Tagetes pumila was considered by all who saw
it at Osberton during the past summer to be the second best thing grown
there ; the cream of the bedding being four large circular beds of Amar-
anthus melancholicus ruber, edged with Cloth of Gold pelargonium — these
beds were the admiration of all. Both the Amaranthus and Cloth of Gold
do well here ; but I feel certain that the Amaranthus will be eclipsed by
the introduction of Achyranthus Verschafieltii into our flower garden. I
look upon this plant as a great boon to the flower gardener. The manage-
ment of Tagetes pumila is so simple and easy that any comments upon its
culture would be superfluous; suffice it to say the foliage should be
thinned, in order to check over luxuriant growth, and to permit the plants
to throw up the blossoms more prominently.— { Oard. Chmn.)

Potatoes from Seed. — Your correspondent J. C. N. should carefully
wash his potato berries, spread the seed in them oot to dry, and keep it in
that state till March. He should then sow it in a gentle heat, and when
the young plants are op, prick them ofi*, until large enough to plant out in
the end of May. The first year the tubers will be about the size of mar-
bles ; they must be taken up in the autumn and stored in the usual way ;
and in the next spring planted out. This is the way I went to work yeara

MAT. 165

t^ under the direction of an older head than my own, and the result was
96 varieties of fine potatoes. It would have been better if yoor correspond*
ent had carefully hybridized the sorts while in blossom.— (Crord Chnnu)

Pbristebio or Dove-Flower. — This fine orchid comes fi^ro Panama,
where it is known by the name of El Spirito Santo, or Holy Ghost flower,
the centre of each blossom exhibiting a striking resemblance to a waxen
dove. It is a very strong-growing species, with long oblong pseudo-bulbs,
measuring from 12 or 18 inches in circumference, and with leaves rising
from the crown from 3 to 4 feet in height, and as much as 6 inches in
width. In spring, when the plants show signs of growth they should be
repotted, picking off from the ball all bad soil and decayed or damaged
roots, and using a well -drained pot of moderate size. Good fibrous peat
should be used ; and if it can be obtained, the peat from a wood where
the leaves of various plants have naturally become decomposed is prefera-
ble. It should be used in small pieces, all the fine soil being shaken out
so as to leave it full of fibre, and a few broken potsherds being then mixed
with it.

When potted, the coldest end of the East India house is a suitable place
ftr the plants. Water must be given sparingly at first, and must be kept
away, from the young growth. When it is required, the morning is the
best time for supplying it. They will soon emit roots from the young
growth, and then water may be increased accordingly. It is from these
young shoots that the flower spikes are thrown up, and if the pseudo-bulbs
are strong, there will generally be two spikes from a bulb.

By the time the new growths have formed bulbs, and are beginning to
swell, the pot ought to be full of roots. I would then recommend that the
plant should be removed to the hottest end of the East India house, and
should receive abundance of water. The temperature being high, say from
90° to 95°, the bulbs will swell rapidly, and by the end of October or mid-
dle of November they ought to be fully grown. Then the plants must be
allowed to go to rest gradually, and may be removed to the coldest end of
the East India house, very little water being given through the winter, only
just sufficiently to keep the bulbs from shrivelling.

When well grown, this is a very free flowering plant I have exhibited
it many times at the autumn shows. The greatest number of flower spikes
I ever exhibited at one time on a plant was ten, and these were from four
to five flet in height. The flowers are yellowish -white, with a peculiar
fragrance, and they last for six weeks or more, if kept in a dryish atmos-
pllere. August is the natural time of flowering. — (GartL Chron.)

Destrotino tbe Red Spider. — The mixture used for the destruction
of the red spider (and noticed by you in a former number), is not made fh>m
gam, but sago flour — a much cheaper compound than gum, as it costs in
Liverpool only about 10 s. per cwt. Potato starch will do equally well, if
sago flour is not obtainable. My starch was made in the following man-
ner: — ^2 lbs. of sago flour were made into a thin paste, thickening it in the

16S THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTIOULTUBB.

same way as the laundry-maids do when makinj^ starch. This paste was
then poured into three ffallons of boiling water, and the mixture well stir*
red until it came to boiling again ; it was then mixed with six gallons of
cold water, and applied to the trees immediately by a syringe having a
jointed nozzle. Thirty trees in my orchard-house were syringed with the
effect shown on the leaf sent to the office of your journal.

It cannot be used too soon after being made. The cold water with whicl^
it is mixed reduces the temperature to something like I (XT F., which is
quite safe, but if allowed to get cold it has not the same fluidity as at ftrsU
(Cot. Gard.)

New Tomatoes. Cool^s Choice, — This is said to be a superior kind^
compared with other varieties. The plants grow thrifly and are verj
fruitful, and ripen their fruit a fortnight after the Extra Early. The fruit is
uniform in size and shape, never exceeding four inches across, and one
and a half deep, and never less than one and three quarters inches. The
form is what gardeners call the tomato-shape, perfectly round, flat above
and convex below; color deep shining scarlet; skin very thin ; seed few
and small; inside all flesh, very melting, and buttery, sweet and finely
flavored ; the core is as melting as other parts, indeed it * has no core ; the
juice is all absorbed in the flesh, and is very thick and elastic. The fjuit %
all free of deformities and irregularities, and does not rot so readily as other
kinds do in wet weather and late autumn. They are much richer than
other varieties.

TU(kn*a Seedling. — ^This is the name of a new sort raised by H. Tilden
of Iowa. The vine is dwarf, averaging by the acre, not to exceed two feet
in length. The fruit is fully exposed, and, when ripe, is of a bright red
color, very large, perfectly smooth, and nearly solid. As a bearer it is
remarkably prolific. Of the two generally the fruit will outweigh the
vine.(?) For market purposes its equal does not exist It handles well,
and will keep three times as long, and stand three times the handling of
any other variety known at least in Iowa. Last year an acre produced 500
bushels of fruit, netting $1 per bushel It comes into bearing about two
weeks later than the early varieties.

A National Herbarium. — Two years since, Prof. Asa Gray made
the munificent offer to Harvard Univeisity of his valuable Herbarium and
Library, upon condition that a suitable fire-proof building should be erected
for their reception, and a fund invested for their adequate maintenance.
The subject has been held in abeyance until recently, when Nathaniel
Thayer, Esq., of Boston, offered to defray the cost, provided others raised
the fund to meet the current expenses. Through the exertions of Rev.
George B. Emerson this has been accomplished, and it is gratifying to
know that this truly national collection, of the greatest importance to
American Botany, has been disposed of agreeably to the wishes of Dr.
Gray. Already many additions have been made to it. by donations, and it
bids fair to become one of the most extensive and important

MAT. 157

EuoKNiA Ufiiri. — This is ^own at Lower Know], Kingsb ridge, in the
. open air, and it is trained against a sooth wa]], where it receives no pro-
tection. It is in fact quite hardy in Devonshire. In summer it is studded all
over with beautjful fruit, of the size of a large ' black currant It is nj
impression that the Eugenia will become an important fruit, and that.it
will be much valued and cultivated for its fruit alone. We have this sea-
son preserved four jars of the latter, and it is said by all who have tasted
It that it is the richest and best preserve ever eaten — it has a delightful
aromatic flavor, which partakes of something of that of the pine apple.
Even when gathering the fruit a rich odor is 1ef\ on the fingers. So freely
does the plant bear that I have even «een bushes of it only one foot in
height, with fruit on them. — (GanL Chran.)

PamuLA siifENSis fiitbriata. — I have repeatedly bought seed of this,
named from eminent nurserymen, the produce of which has been most no-
certain. I have also sowed seed from the best flowers, with the same
results. To be certain of possessing the best flowers it is absolutely
necessary to have three or four times the number of young plants one
wishes to keep. Insert the seed in a pan, and prick out each plant
when it has pushed two rough leaves, into a 60 sized pot In about two
moBtbfl the first flower generally appears, when I discard all that do not
come up to what I am content with. The flower stalks are then picked ofE
Such as I desire to retain, and I continue to do this until the plants get
strong, and I wish to have them in bloom. In this way I get a good col-
lection of fimbriated flowering plants, that remain in bloom during the
winter and spring months. The young plants seem to grow best in a frame
with a north or northeast aspect, and with an abundance of air at all times,
when the weather is not frosty.— ( Gorcf. ChrotLj

CLiMBiifG Variett OF THE Devonieivsis Rose. — It oMiy be interesting
to know that this most beautiful of all light colored climbing roses is of the
most vigorous and robust growth, making shoots from established plants,
measuring 18 or 20 feet in length in one apason. It is a roost abundant
early and late bloomer, flowering from May to November, very hardy, and
retains its foliage all the year. The blossoms are six incbesin diameter,
and their shape is perfect It is, in fact, one of the best light Wored roses
in cultivation.— {Gordl Chron.)

Gossip of % Pim%

Isabella Grapes in Massachusetts. — A writer in the Boston Calti>
vator states that the time was when ** the Isabella was quite a certain fruit"
in Massachusetts. What exact time is meant we do not know. We have
grown the Isabella since its first introduction around Boston, in 1826 or 28,
and have never known it to fruit better than it has for the last few yeais. It

168 THB MAOiZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

is about time this old idea about a change in onr climate, in any material
degree, was exploded. We think it was the Hon. J. C. Gray who contrib-
uted an article to the Proceedings of the Board of Agriculture, a few yean
ago, showing that no perceptible change has taken place for at least 100
years, beyond which period, perhaps, it is unnecessary to inquire. The
Isabella never did and does not now ripen in Massachusetts only in favoim-
ble situations, and when such are given it, the grapes thoroughly mature
three years out of five. Mr. /. V. Wellington, of Cambridgeport, who has
repeatedly taken the premium for his fine specimens of this sort at the
exhibitions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, always has a hand-
some crop.

SwcET PoTATocs— How TO Gsow TQEBi. — A North Carolina sweet
potato-grower answers the question, *' What is the matter with the sweet
potatoes ?^ as follows: — Having had much experience in raising that valua-
ble esculent, I will give it as my opinion that the two principal causes of
failure were the deep tillage and probably the kind of manure used. Land
for sweet potatoes should not be cultivated to a very great depth, and es-
pecially in northern latitudes, as the soil ceases to be a conductor of heat
in proportion to the depth to which it is broken. Hence, as they require all
the heat that can be given, the ground should oot be broken to a veiy great
depth, but kept stirred often while growing.

Much depends on the kind of manure used. The potato takes largely '
into its composition of potash ; therefore manures containing it are most
suitable. Hence wood ashes may be considered about the best manure.
All lot manures should be mixed about half and half with ashes, the qualiQr
of each being improved. However, the best of all manures that I have
ever tried is the dirt and cleanings from under houses, consisting largely
of saltpetre. In a careful experiment with some ten or a dozen difierent
kinds of manure, I found the scrapings from under houses best; fowl-yard
manure, second; ashes and barn-yard manure mixed, next; ashes next;
barn-y(ird manure next. It is not an unusual thing to hear it said that cer-
tain pieces of land are too rich for potatoes, especially barn-yards ; but
should you give the same a heavy coating of wood ashes, you will then
find that it is not too rich. It is merely too rich in vegetable matter, but
lacks the ptash. Potatoes should always be planted in hills.

Porticitltnntl %trations

FOR MAT.

FRUIT DEPARTMXNT.

The mild and more than usual fine weather of April, has greatly accel-
erated vegetation, and the season is now full two weeks in advance of die

MAY. 169

afertge. Peaches are alreadj (22cl) opening^ their bloasome, and other
tnes are remarkably forward. If do fioeta occar, to injure the bloom, the
aeason will be a fruitful one.

Grapb Vihkb, iD^the grapery or greenhonae, will soon be in flower, and
the temperature aboold be slightly increased, with little less ventilatioB,
especially in dull weather. Discontinue syringing, for a time, but keep up
a genial atmosphere. Attend to disbudding superfluous shoots, and tie in
the laterals carefully and regulariy, nipping off the ends of such as are in a
forward st^e. Manure, dig, and rake the border. Vines, in cold houses,
will soon be pushing vigorously, and will need good attention. Guard
against cold draiU, and close the house early on cool evenings. See that
the eyes break regularly and strong, and, as the weather becomes warmer,
damp the house well down. Hardy vines should now be tied up to the
tr^is, and if not pruned properly it may be done now ; a little bleeding
will do no harm. Manure and dig the ground.

Pbacb TaiBS, in the greenhouse or grapery, may be removed to the
open air the last of the month, selecting a warm sheltered situation.

GaAFTiHe may be continued during the month.

pRU5iNe should be continued at any leisure time, and trees washed with
whale oil soap.

STaAWBiRRT Beds should now be well cleared of every weed, and if
top-dressed with old compost, not very rich, all the better ; do not dig the
ground, but merely clean and stir the surface. New beds may be made
«iiy time during the month. Plant in rows, two to three feet apart, and a
loot apart in the rows. Give the ground a good coat of manure before it
is dug.

FLOWER DEPARTMENT.

From present appearances the season will be early, and the annual plant-
ing and bedding out time begin soon. Seeds of all things should be got in
at once, and tender kinds brought forward in hot-beds or frames. Harden off
in cold frames preparatory to planting out In the houses there will be much
to do. Winter flowering climbers of various Idnds should be headed in,
and plants intended for flowering at that season be headed in, repotted, &c.
Remove all surplus plants to cold frames, or such as are somewhat hardy
to a sheltered place. This will allow all specimen plants more^room, #ith-
out which their great beauty would soon be injured. ,

Cameluas will now be making a vigorous growth, and will require
syringing every day in good weather. See that the roots are also more
f^ly watered, and one or two applications of manure water will do no
harm, but rather benefit the plants. Shade from the hot sun.

Azaleas will now be in fbll bloom, and will require more water and a
slifbt shade to keep them in beauty a long time ; as the plants go out of
bloom pick off the seed vessels, and clear away all decaying foliage.

Pelarooniums will now be in their perfection, and, if they have been
well attended to, will amply repay all the labor. Shade now fh>m the sun,
ia the middte of the day, but give an abundance of air. Turn the plants
round often, regulate any straggling branches so as to make symmetrical

160 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTTCULTURB.

irasfay pitnts one sheet of bloom. Young stock, intended for specimens,
next season; may be encouraged by a shift into a larger pot Water ooea-
sicnally, with liquid manure.

Fdcbsias will be growing rapidly, and, with a goo^ moist temperature,
and a slight shade, will soon make handsproe speckneos. Top the growing
eboots, to get a thick, stocky habit

Caladiums will now grow more vigorously ; shift as soon as they require
H, and shade fh>m the hot sua. Water more liberally.

Bksojiias may have another shift now. Use coarse fibrous loam, leaf
mould and sand, and shade in the middle of the day. Do not wet the
Ibliage.

H BATHS AND EpACRis may be planted out in the open ground. Break
up the M balls.

Chrtsaicthcmums may have a shift if the plants are too pot bound, or
they may be planted out in the open ground.

Monthly Carnations, for next winter's flowering, should be planted
out and headed down, to form bushy strong plants.

Cactusrs should be more freely watered, and occasiomJly syringed.
Water with liquid guano occasionally.

Chinese Primroses should be removed to a cool frame, where they can
be shaded from the hot sun. Sow seeds now, for a new stock.

Tuberoses, well started, may be shifted into larger pots, and lounged
out in the open air.

Ferns should be more fireely watered, and, as they require it, shifted ifMo
larger pots.

Lauristinus should be headed in, and, if they require it, repotted.

Cyclamens should be removed to a cool frame, and have protection from
tbehot sun.

Acacias, and similar tall growing plfintp, should be headed in to make
handsome specimens.

Yuccas and Aoaves, and similar pl^ts, should be repotted, and placed
in a warm situation, in the open air.

FLOWBR «ARDEN AND SRRUBBBRT.

With the forward season and favorable weather, the lawn is already in
erder for cutting. Roll well, and cut while the dew is on. Clean, rake,
and {pU the walks. As the shrubs come into bloom, out away any deoij-
ing or unsightly bnaches, which may have been overlooked.

Gladiolus, Tiger Flpwbm, d&c, should be planted now.

Dahlias may be set out all the month. Those fdbtnted early will fkxwft
in good season.

BaiHoiNe Plants, of all kinds, mfiy be set out this moath.

Asters, Balsaim, and similar annuals, raised io frames, may be pkMHI$i
out by the 10th or IStb.

EosES, planted out early, will gwe an abundant bloom, fdl sunimer.

Cumrbrs, of all kiods, should have the superfluous wood cut out, fiad
Ibe etray shoots neatly tied up to the trellis, (x ptber support

8tae« and tie P«onie«, befi^re tb^ «ome into blaoqu

iVET^ tvork:

ON TUB

ORCHARD-HOUSE

CORDON TRAINING OF FRUIT TREES

FOR THK

ORCHARD-HOUSE AND OPEN AIR.

By T. COLLINGS BREHAUT.

WITH A

SUPPLEMENT

cONTAmma

BHHAEKS ON CORDON TKADriKG OF THE PEAE ; THE CULTIVATIOlf
ANB PEUHINQ OF PEACH TEEES m POTS; THE BEST
VAEmriES OF FEUrrS foe pot CULTUEE;

A3il>

GEKKaAL EEMAEKS ON OECHAED-HOUSES ADAPTED TO THE CLIMATE

OF THE UNITED STATES.

BY O. M. HOITEY,

I voL, octavo. Price, $1.25.

Xlu» volume coniiiins, in addiilon to the lar^e experience of Mr, Brebaut, all the infor-
macion needful for the cultivator to successfully cuUivale the peach tree in pota^ by the
Jailor, wilti »electiona of the beet fruitB adapted to the Orcbard-Hpuse and Pot Culture.

Published by Hovey & Co., 53 North Market St., Boston,

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FOR 1865.

Horticultural Science, Landscape Gardening,
and Rural Art*

A NEW VOLUME

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or the country gentleman reqiiirea to manage successfully the smallest or kt|j!eft garden.

In the thirty volumes now compieted, more than Mm Hundrtd Drawings of the
Newest and Finest Fruits have appeared^ many of them in no other work* and upwards
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JULY, 1865.

EDITED BY 0. M. HOVEY,
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^ CONTENTS.

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a Orange Cullure, , 30J

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5. Bou^invillea Specioea^ ------- 209

6. Flonciiltnrnl Notices, ------- 2J2

7. Societies, ---*----.- 217
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a Obituary, - ,- - *, _ , - . 232

10. Horticultural Operations for July, . - ^ . . 233

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«0 Avil n WuhibEtoa Bin9i, Bottom^

INSECTS.

The recent appearance of a new and beautiful work on the
insect enemies of fruit and fruit trees, by Dr. Trimble,* at a
time when their ravages have so sadly marred the apple
orchards of many portions of our state, induces us to make the
subject one of especial notice, that more vigorous measures
may be taken to prevent a similar destruction another year.

There is no doubt about the fact, that insects are rapidly
increasing, and are becoming formidable by their numbers, in-
juring, as with the canker worm, thousands of trees, and quite
destroying the entire crop of fruit. The plum has almost
gone out of cultivation, from the increase of the black knot
and the curculio. The currants and gooseberries are annu-
ally stripped of their leaves, and the peach becomes the prey
of the borer. An apple orchard, instead of being a source of
profit, as it should be, is an item of expense. The leaves are
eaten up, or, if these escape, the fruit is infested with a vile
wdrm. Still, with all this yearly before us, with our fruit
and many^of our finest ornamental trees shorn of their
foliage for half the summer, few or no active efforts are
made to exterminate these pests of the garden, the orchard
and the avenue.

It is gratifying, therefore, to find one who has long been
cognizant of their depredations, watclied them with a careful
eye, and studied the sources from whence the mischief came,
to add his experience to the knowledge we already have, that
we may be enabled to battle more successfully witii these foes
of the fruit trees. Dr. Trimble is an enthusiast on this sub-
ject, and has long directed his attention to our insect ene-
mies^ and gives such a full account of them, and the various
changes they undergo, that we can know at what stage we

• A Treatise on the Insect Enemies of Frnit and Frnit Trees, with nnmerons
Olastrmtions, dimwn from nntnre, by Hulstein, under the immediate snpenrision
of the Mthor. Bj Isaac P. Trimble, M. D., Entomologist of the Agricoltnr::!
8oeieCj of New Jersej, ftc. The Cnrcolio and Apple Moth. Pp. 150. New
Totk, W. Wood 4 Co. ; and A. Williams 4 Co., Boston, 1S65.

TOL. xxzi. — ^No. yn. 18

Id4 . THE MAOAZIKB OF HOBTICULTUBB.

are likely to attack them best ; for it is well known that ia
some of' their various forms it is almost impossible to arrest
their progress, while iu others a very little labor will bring
them under our control and render them comparatively harm-
less. Vigilance certainly is necessary, but the actual work,
which some look upon as worth more than the crop, is slight,
if only done at the right time.

The canker worm and tent caterpillar are familiar instances
of this. The former insect can only get up the tree by
crawling, for the female has no wings, notwithstanding many
wise men have stated to the contrary in tlie newspapers of
the day. Consequently she has only to be arrested in her
ascent to prevent a single egg from being laid upon tlie
branches, and this can be done by many modes, some of
which ^re more certain than others. But of all these modes
the PATENT ones are the most worthless. If the trees are
tarred constantly, every day in November, and March or
April, the work is done. Yet simple as this is how few think
of it after the fruit is gathered ; the trees are then lefl to
themselves, and often not touched till the return of the
harvest, if there is one. So with the tent caterpillar ; one
day's labor is sufficient to clear an orchard of an acre, if
taken in time ; but once allowed to get headway, and the
trees partly devoured, it would take a week to destroy them,
and then very imperfectly.- Constant attention the cultivator
must give to his trees ; but really the labor is light and cheap
compared with the value .of the crop.

Tiiere is scarcely a plant, tree or fruit that we cultivate
but what has its enemy, some of them few, like the pear, but
others like the apple numerous enough. The larv© of tlie
' May bug often destroy whole plantations of strawberries, and
the borer burrows through the soft stems of the marrow
squash. The slug devours the leaves of the rose iu the open:
air, and *the red spider does the same wjork in the house.
With all these evidences of destruction why should not the
cultivator be prepared at all times to contend with these
pests, which despoil his beautiful plants, or destroy all hopes
of an abundant crop. The. tar pot, sulphur, potash, tobacco,
and whale oil soap, should always be at band, and if used in

JULY. 195

lime, will aropiv repay all the labor nocessary to render their
application effectual.

At the last meeting of the Pomological Society at Rochester
Judge Trimble was present, with bis beautiful collection pf
drawings of various insects, and one evening was devoted to
a kind of conversational meeting, called at the request of
numerous members, when Dr. Trimble gave a brief statement
of his labors for several years, with an explanation of the
plates, and some account of the work he was about to publish,
the first volume of which we have now under notice. He
ItUuded in strong language to the great neglect of cultivators
in not destroying the various insects which prey upon vege-
tation, and attributed, very truly, the deficiency in our crops
to this one cause, rather than the common belief of the decay
of trees, change of climate, and all the variety of causes which
yearly go the rounds of agricultural newspapers, till they
are believed to be real facts, but which are mostly the crude
notions of those who know little or nothmg of the science of
cultivation. Many of the gentlemen present put various
questions to the Doctor relative to the habits of various
insects, which were answered, fully showing that he had been
a close observer of their habits and transformations.

Dr. Trimble contemplates the issue of other volumes, and
the present one is wholly devoted to the ^^Curculio and
Apple Moth," two of our most destructive insects.

We have not room for the whole of the preface, but we copy
the concluding portion : —

This work is without plan as a scientific book. Although
treating of insects, it does not arrange them into orders,
classes, or families, but only discusses a few species, chiefly
in the order of their importance as enemies of fruit and
fruit trees.

The object of th6 AuUior has been to make a book to meet
the wants of the practical man, who has but little time for
the study of any subject except his business, and least of
all, a science involving, as Entomology does, hundreds oc
thousands of species. To make such a work intelligible
iUuttratians addressed to the eye are a necessity. The

196 THB MAGAZINB OF HORnCULTUBB.

fruit-grower should be enabled to identify his insect enemj
positively when he sees it — there should be no guessing.
The curculio and lady-bug, for instance, are both beetles ;
both are found upon the same trees; they will often &11
down together when those trees are jarred. The one is our
worst enemy, and the other one of our best friends. I have
known people kill the friend and overlook the enemy.

I have been studying these enemies for many years. At
first it was an investigation made necessary for the protection
of my own crops ; and that experience painfully taught me
knowledge that I had not been able to find either in books or
cabinets. The interest thus excited has been increased by
the reading of such valuable works as those of Eirby and
Spence, Huber, Latreille, Say, Harris, Htch, and many
others. From this reading and personal experience, I am
satisfied that the interests of fruit-growers would be promoted
if all the practical knowledge on this subject could be gathered
into a separate work, and I have felt that it was a duty to
make a beginning by contributing my portion towards a better
understanding of this difficult subject.

When I assert that any individual can subdue his fruit
enemies if he chooses, I speak from my own positive knowl-
edge; and although I do not wish to be understood to say
that the instructions contained in this book are the best, I
do wish to be understood to say, that some general plan of
treatment should be adopted. An individual who resolutely
determines to do it can save his fruits ; but if all his ndghbors
for miles round shall act with him in carrying out the same
instructions, the work of each will be less even the first year,
and all subsequent seasons will be comparatively nothing.
How such instructions are to be generally disseminated or
such associations to be formed, it is not for an author to
determine.

The next portion of this work, both the text and plates of
which are in an advanced stage of preparation, will treat of
the various caterpillars injurious to fruit trees and grape
vines. But the publication of an illustrated work like this
is attended with so much expense that it is deemed advisable
to await the verdict of the fruit-growing public before com-

JULY. 197

pleting another part. If the public show by the reception of
the present volume that more is wanted, both author and
publisher will be encouraged to bring it out at^ an earlj
period.

The volume is in quarto form, and is illustrated hj eleven
plates, well executed and beautifully colored, giving the
natural size, and all the various transformations of the
insects, sufficient to enable the novice to detect them in every
stage. With these are given all the various modes for their
destruction, collected from all sources, with Dr. Trimble's
views as to their efficacy, after numerous experiments
made especially and carefully to test them. In addition we
have a Diary of thirty or more pages, kept in 1864, and
detailing a fund of information in regard to the value of
birds, as an important aid in the destruction of these and
other insects injurious to vegetation. This has not been guess
work. But careful study, and an analysis of the stomachs of the
several kinds of birds which are known to be the cultivators'
best friends, and which he should do all in his power to
encourage and introduce upon his grounds.

We hope to have space to refer to the work again.
In the meantime we would advise every cultivator, who
appreciates the importance of ridding our orchards and
gardens of these pests, and seeing healthy ^rees with abun-
dant foliage, without which they cannot thrive or produce
perfect fruit, to read the volume, which, besides its elegant
colored plates, will certainly lead to a better knowledge of
the insect tribe, and prepare the way for a more vigorous
attack upon them.

OBSERVATIONS ON RURAL TASTE.

BT D. W. LOTHBOP, WIST MEDFORD.

The general lack of taste and neatness around country
dwellings — mostly by tliose whose residence and vocation are
there present — ^must strike every one whose mind is alive to

198 THE M AGAZINB OT HOBnCULTUBK.

the beauties of nature and the resources of hitrtnoniKing art,
as remarkable. And it would seetn generally, that the practi-
cal farmers are the least capable of understanding' or appreci-
ating the refining influence of that good taste in rural affairs
for which others show such aptitude and even enthusiasm.
In viewing a beautiful landscape, either purely natural, or of
the most composite and hidden blending of nature and urt,
their indifference is absolutely provoking. We are reminded
of the sarcastic phrase of Cowper, *^ a candle in a skuU.'^
But then, there is a partial excuse, to say the least, for this;
Tilling the soil is the farmer's vocation — the means by which
he is too often obliged to struggle to live in a rough and
homely way. Art is not his study, and often he thinks he
cannot allow it a thought. If he has a few ornamental trees^
they are usually set at hap-hazard. His great aim is to make
the land profitable, and not to look well to the critic's eye.
Hence a thrifty field of corn, or two or three tons of graai
to the acre, excites in him more lively sensations than the
most exquisite drapery of the landscape gardener. He had
learned to calculate closely; his ideality is depressed; and
he has none of the wild fancy or conception of the loose and
bewitching law of disorder which enters landscape art. Like
the multiplication table his mind' is square and mathematical.
Bural embellisljinent is not profitable to him, and he there* •
fore considers it wise to wait till he is able before lie attempts
to cultivate it. If such is the case, it is quite certain that
the country would show but few traces of the hand of art if
it depended upon the practical farmer.

And the resident mechanic or artisan, perpetually living
in the sparse rural districts, does but little if any better, and
pretty much for the same reasons. The truth is, there is much
discontent both with farmers and mechanics in the country.
Rural life is monotonous and dull, and they long to get into
a city or large. village, to see more of men and less of trees.
It is in vain to tell them that country life is the most health-
ful and the happiest. They can't see it. And so the resident
mechanics cannot be depended upon to embellish their homes
any more than the practical farmers.

JULY. 189

Taste and art are tbe result of a Ikigh state of cultiTation
and intelligence ; and tliese latter are mainly dependent upon
frequent intercourse with more advanced minds. Hence
persons from the city will usually exhibit more taste, not
only in their gardens^ but in everything else, when located
in the country. Absence from the country and confinement
to the solid brick and stone of large cities, will give a keener
relish for the beauties of nature when they are beheld, even
with persons of but little refiiiement or taste. Upon these
must dependence be generally placed for sustaining and
advancing picturesque art, and perhaps of horticulture. With
good taste many have wealth, and where they locate their
example and influence are folt. The rough places in the
cpontry, within a radius of twenty miles of Boston, have
within the last thirty years been most successfully invaded
by the magic power of art. Rocks have suddenly sprung
into tasty dwellings, disagreeable objects have been displaced,
groves liave been remodeled, and trees and shrubs of different
climes have been introduced, to awaken new interest, and to
add beauty to the landscape. In this respect the progress has
been wonderful ; but it has been mostly confined to retired
and affluent gentlemen, or to persons doing business in the
city, who return from the rattling pavement daily with renewed
freshness for nature's loveliness*

Landscape art is the poetry of horticulture. It is not
measured, exact and stiff, but flowing and graceful, with easy
transitions from hue to hue and from object to object. To
the reverent lover of nature,

"No tree in aU the grove bat has its charms."

Even the gray rocks are objects of interest, in their associa-
tion with flowers and shrubbery, and to the contemplative and
poetic mind tell their history.

"Nature is preacher, preaches to mankind, ^
And bids dead matter aid os in oor creed."

The picturesque art cannot be distinctly and practictUty
defined, so that detailed rules may take the place of good
judgment ; for it cannot be said that there is only one way
to give beauty to a landscape. There are various ways, in
fact) differing 'more or less in excellence. Beauty is more

200 THB UX^ATXtm OF HOB^CULTUBB.

readilj recognized then created. If we were to gire a loose
general definition of the modem art we should veuture to
Bay it was the harmony of discords^ the law of disorder !
Respectably obscure and undeniably paradoxical !

General hints, however, in landscaping may be given with
propriety. Every distinct piece of ground sliould, of course,
have its own specific embellishments, suited to its size, surface
and locality as to environs. Its art should be insidious, not
glaring, but natural. It should not appear as if the gardener
adorned it, much less as if it attempted to be by the carpen-
ter. Tlie more trees and grass, and the less lumber the bet-
ter. Ornamental ground should appear as much as possible
as if nature had wrought up the soenery from her own ample
materials. Hence hedges are better then fences ; and when
the latter are used, obviously they sliould not be the most
conspicuous things in the garden. They should^be sheltered
with evergreens or shrubbery, to give a more subdued tone
to the general appearance. Oorrespondences of trees fmd
shrubs are now generally discarded as being two prim and
formal, and not in harmony with land laid out into irregular
shapes, as is now practised by the best modem gardeners.
Stiffness and formality had become so fashionable in English
landscaping and gardening — together with other incongrui-
ties — at the time of Pope, that the little gardener and poet of
Twickenham thus satirized it. His pen is most always a
pruning-knife.

" Hi> gardens next jonr idmirmtion call.
On erery side joa look, behold the wall !
Ko pleasing intricacies intenrene.
No artful wildness to perplex the scene ;
Grore nods at gtowt, each alley has a brother,
And half the platforfn just reflects the other;
The suffering eye inrerted nature sees.
Trees cut to statues, statues thick as trees ;
With here a fountain nerer to be played,
And there a summer-hoose that knows no shade."

€k>LOB OP Houses. — ^The notion is far from being eradi«
cated, that a white house with green blinds is par excellence.
But we may venture the assertion that it is not the opinion of
those of cultivated taste. White has been very popular, yet
it must yield to some otlier*les8 glaring in the summer,

JULY. - 201

and one that will not make a man shiver in the winter.
Besides, in the summer the contrast is rather too i^trong with
the green blinds and the surrounding hue of nature. In the
winter, white is of one piece with the snow-drift, and at all
times has a cheap^ whitewash appearance. A color more
subdued is preferable. Brown, buff, salmon, drab, or some
neutral tint, is far richer, less dazzling, and in the snowy
months suggestive of warmth aud comfort. Taste in the
planting of trees and shrubs is usually designed for effect in
the mmmer season. This is all very well ; but by a liberaA
supply of the numerous hardy evergreens now well known,
properly arranged, with a warm tint in the color of the dwel-
ling, a more beautiful and richer scene may perhaps be pre-
sented in the depths of winter than in tlie summer— especi-
ally when the pines, spruces and hemlocks are drooping
with a burden of snow. But a white house without ever-
greens makes a sorry appearance.

For every tree a man plants, and for every embellishment
he makes in his rural precinct, he cannot expect therefor
pecuniary profit ; but if he gratifies an aspiration not entbely
demoralized by the love of gain, he has his reward.

ORANGE CULTURE.

Wb have bden surprised that the orange tree, with its
superb foliage, its deliciously fragrant blossoms and its rich
fruit, should have been so long neglected. To one who has
seen the hundreds or thousands of magnificent trees at Ver-
sailles, some of them nearly 800 years old, it appears strange
that no more attention is given to this fruit, if only for the
beauty of the trees, as summer ornaments of the avenue, the
terrace, the lawn, or even the flower garden. No Italian or
French garden would be complete without its orange trees,
and although we have not the climate of the former, where
they can be grown in the open air, yet the protection which
they require in our severe climate is so slight that ttiey
can be wintered with perfect safety, and very little cost. In

SQ2 THE M AGAZINB OP HORTICULTURE.

FranK^e the! orange trees are generally kept iir bouses rboled
OTer, with only light in front, where they remain in a dormant
state till spring, when they are removed to their summer
station to bloom and fruit, and again be returned to their
winter quarters. Mr. B. Thompson, who.gave an account of
his visit to Versailles in 1847, states that many of the orange
trees were thirty feet high, with stems thirty*nine inches in
circumference. One tree had the inscription, "Sem6 in
1421.'* These are all wintered beneath the terrace of the
palace, where of course there is only light in front

Certainly a perfectly ripe orange will compare iBtvorably
with the peach, and if so much pains is^taken to ripen the
peach, which grows well in the open air, why sliould not the
orange demand all the attention given to tlie former. With
a little extra expense at first, the table could be supplied
with delicious fruit up to the new year. No climate can be
more favorable than ours in summer, and with good winter
quarters the fruit could be produced much better than under
the cooler skies of Great Britain. la summer, as well as
winter, the trees need heat.

Mr. Rivers, who has done so much to extend orchard-house
culture, now tells us how to have an abundance of oranges,
and, as we know from long experience, what he says is
perfectly correct, we copy his valuable advice, with the hope
that gentlemen of wealth, who are lovers of delicious fruit,
will introduce the culture of the orange with other fruits: —

On Christmas' Day, 1864, 1 had the pleasure of adding tp
my dessert, Saint Michael's Tangierine, and Maltese Blood
oranges, all from my orange-house, and also some fine fruit
of the first and second from Covent Garden ; the thfrd sort I
could not procure, as they had not arrived. Now came that
most interesting period in after-dinner chit-chat— comparison.
The Saint Michael's from "the Garden" were very fine fruit,
but their flavor was flat, and not at all first-rate. The Taiv-
gierines, called in Covent Garden Mandarins, were juicy and
good but not rich. The home-growii Saint Michael's were
plump, crisp, and bursting with Juice, their flavor much more
aromatic tlian the foreign ones. The Tangierines from the

JOLY. ^ 208

sameboosd were rather oter-ripe but Terj ikh. The Maltese
Blood, from trees growing alongside the two varieties above"
mentionod, were scarcely ripe, but their flesh was of that deep
red which has given them their disagreeable name, and pe^
culiarly crisp, juicy, and aromatic. After due deliberation
the family jury gravely decided that oranges of finer quality
can be grown in England than any imported ; their superi-
ority consisting in that crispness and high aroma which im^
ported oranges have not, probably from tlieir Ix^ng always
gathered before they are fully ripe.

• Home-grown oranges are no novelty, for Evelyn (I quote
from memory) tells us in his Diary, that in February, 1660^
he '^ ate as good China oranges as ever he ate in his life ; "
these were from his neighbor's orangery, and since then good
liome-growQ oranges have been eaten by many persons. Still,
oddly enough, no one has ever attempted to systeittatize their
culture, owing probably to the cheapness and fine quality of
those imported — a fact not to be disputed, for imported or-
anges in spring for two months are of great excellence. Still,
t))is ought not to deter cultivators, for are not finer peaches
often offered for sale in Coveut Garden than are grown in
private gardens ? and the same with other kinds of fruit, yet
they are not eaten with the zest that one feels for fruit from
one's own garden, for have wo not watched them and taken
pleasure in their growth ? So is it with orange culture, and
as far as I have seen, tliere is no fruit culture calculated to
give equal pleasure. One great source of satisfaction is the
agreeable semi-tropical climate required to cultivate success^
fully oranges as fruit bearing trees.

There is no doubt but that the orange is a tropical tree, if
judged by the perfection its fruit attains in the West Indian
Islands and in South America, but it may be grown in Eng^
land in great perfection in a climate we may for convenience
B^ke call semi-tropical, t. e., a temperature averaging from 45^
to 50^ in winter, and with sun heat from 80^ to 90^ in sum?-
mer. One great necessity is constant warmth to the roots
of the tree.

Before I describe the method of culture w)itch is so suc^
oessful here, t may as well state tliat dessert oranges may be

804 THE M AGAZINB OP HORTJCULTURB.

grown in a cooler temperatare, bat tbej are then more slow
in ripening, and are not rich and full flavored. Tangieriue,
Mandarin, and St. MichaeFs oranges, if grown in a conserva-
torj or green-house will blossom some time in May or June,
and their fruit will in most cases ripen the following sum-
mer. In a heated orange-house the trees blossom in Febru-
ary and ripen their fruit the following autumn, up to Christ-
mas, the delicious little Tangierine leading the van, and
generally ripening in October, just as the last peaches are
finished. As far as my experience has gone, this sort is
often confounded with the Mandarin, apparently of the same
race, but witli larger and more flattened fruit ; and if I may
judge from the sorts I have received from Malta and China
under that name, the tree has larger and Uiicker foliage,
not so pointed as tlie Tangierine; the latter is more juicy
than it and has a richer flavor. The method of cultivating
dessert oranges here, is to a certain extent original, for I find
none of the gardener's books mention it — in fact no horticul-
tural writer seems to have thought it feasible except Mcintosh,
who recommends orange trees if cultivated for tlieir fruit, to
be trained on a trellis under glass after the manner of peach
trees. Thompson, in his Qardeners' Assistant, .seems not
to have thought of dessert orange culture ; and so, as with
orchard-house culture years ago, one has to advance without
the experience of the past.

The orange-house here, in which many of the trees were
lately in full bloom, and some of the St. Michael's witli ripe
fruit on them, is a span-roofed structure 60 feet by 12, heated
by eight 4-inch hot-water pipes. A path is in the centre, and
on each side is a raised border of slates, on which are placed
the trees in pots. The slates form the roof of a shallow
heated ai^chamber, formed by placing iron bars across from
a 4-inch brick wall along the side of the path to another wall
running along the side of tlie house. The slates should have
a lap of 1-inch, and be bedded down either witli mortar or
day. Two 4-incb hot-water pipes are laid horizontally along
the centre of each border close to the ground, and the slates
placed on the iron bars so as to be about 8 inches from the
pipes ; the warm au* is thus regularly difiused over the whole

JtTLT. 205

under surfitce of the slates, making a warm floor of a tempera-
ture from 70° to 80^ the year through. The width of this
lieated fl(K)r must depend upon the width of the house : if it
be 12 feet wide the central path should be 8 feet wide, and
each border 4} feet wide ; if 14 feet wide, each border should
be 5} feet wide. For houses of these widths two 4-iucb pipes to
heat the floor in each chamber, and two on each side next to
the outer wall to heat the surface air of the house, will be
sufficient. Span-roofed houses of the above widths are of
sufficient dimensions for moderate-sized gardens, but for large
establishments houses of 20 and 24 feet wide would form
orange gardens of great beauty. In such large houses^ if a
broad central walk is made, and wide heated chambers for
the trees on each side, sixteen 4-inch pipes would be required,
four for each chamber and four on each side to heat the air
of the house. In such large houses the trees may be planted
out with excellent effect, but the borders must be heated with
the same number of pipes, for root-heat is one of the nec-
essaries of dessert orange culture — the sine qui nan.

I have thus far thought it requisite to point out what may
be done in this interesting department of fruit culture. I
will now in a few words state what is and what has been done
here. landing last summer that the roots of my 4ree6 be-
came too dry on the bare warm slates, each pot was placed
on a layer of cocoa-nut fibre, about three inches thick — old
tan or light mould would do equally well — and in these lit-
tle mounds the trees all the past 'season have continued to
flourish.* It is indeed quite refreshing to visit the house, so
vivid is the green of their young leaves, so fragrant- their flow-
ers. The root-heat has never been discontinued, but about
the end of May the water was turned off the pipes that heat
the air of the house, as the weather was hot, and not turned
on again till the end of July, when extra heat was required
to ripen the fruit. Much, however, must depend on the
nature of the sununer: if cloudy and wet, root-heat and rar-
fSuse-heat will both be required all the year; if warm, surface-
heat may be discontinued for some weeks, but root-beat

* Thif has been found preferable to coTering the heated floor entirelj, at tho
bare slates radiate mach heat in seyere weather.

906 THE MAGAZINE <^F . HOBTIGULTUBE.

never. The great charm of this orange-ripening climate is
its refreshing airy warmth, for in sunny weather abundance
. of air is given from low ventilators on each side of the
house.

As usual when much pleasure is derived from any peculiar
mode of culture, much care is required. The leaves are apt
to be affected with a black powdery substance, probably some
species of fungus; this must be washed off with a sponge and
warm water. Again, that most intolerable pest, scale, is
always on the qui vive^ and so rapid in propagation, that as a
young German who is here said the otlier day, "they are
daughters and grandmothers all in one day." There are
many efficacious nostrums to kill tliis persevering enemy, but
after trying all, we have come to the conclusion tliat syring-
ing the trees once a day in the. winter — avoiding the blos-
soms — and twice a day in the summer. is a preventive; and
. carefully watching the trees and picking off every scale as
■ soon as it can be Been is a sure cure. A sharp-eyed boy soon
becomes very sharp in finding scale, and if kept under they
give but little trouble ; the constant syringing seems to make
.them feeble and unhappy.

With regard to the varieties of oranges to be cultivated, we
> have yet much to learn. There are in the Azores some. 60 or
i 60 sorts cultivated, many of them said to be very distinct
, in flavor, and of great excellence. It seems to me a very
. interesting feature, that of placing on our tables oranges of
, our own growth, varying in color, size, and flavor. At pres-
, ent t^e three sorts of which we have no doubt are the Tangie-
. rine, the St. Michael's, and the Maltese Blood, which when
J gathered .dead-ripe is found to be full of its delicious juice.
This kind requires, the warmest part of the orange-house, as
. it is slow in ripening ; but if the summer be warm and sunny,
, it will ripen about Christmas. . A well-arranged orange-
: house will give ripe fruit from early in October till June,
. <M>mmencing with the Tangierine,.and endings with the Mai-
. teae, reminding .«ne . of the len^h of time grapes may, be
. gathered from one vinery.

Although I have confined myself to de3cribing how dessert
oranges should be cultivated in a house devoted to tliem^ I

JULY. 207'

must not omit saying that in a heated vinery or pinery they
may be grown successfully.

What I wish to convey is the beauty and interest attached
to an orange-house, where the trees are kept in fine healtli.
It is indeed such a source of pleasure, that I feel I can give
but a faint idea of it ; it is perpetual summer, a realization
of the gardens of the Hesperides. The trees are evergreen,
almost ever-blooming, and are most certainly an ever-giving
source of delight to a mind alive to the beauties of nature.

POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP.

Stbawbe»ries. — ^This fruit, just now, as we write, is in full
perfection, at least ten days earlier than last year, and we
tliink earlier than any year for a long period. We began
gaUiering the Jenny Lind and the Boston Pine on the 7th of
June, and now, the 17th, the Hovey and La Constante are in
abundance, though the latter is not so generally ripe. The
show at the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, on the 17th
of the month, was the best by far ever made by the Society, as
regards the quantity of specimens and number of exhibitors,
and some of the sorts were quite up to any former yeai*.
The varieties comprised Hovey's Seedling, Brighton Pine,
Jenny Lind, Wilson (one exhibitor only). Triumph de Ganct,
Oscar, Marguerite, Cremont, Napoleon III., La Constante,
Lenning's White, Prince Frederick William, Empress Eugeniel,
Emma, Green Prolific, and the new sorts, Bufialo Seedling,
French's Seedling, and Busseirs Prolific. The latter from
three or four exhibitors.

Notwithstanding what has been said in regard to the
Russell's Prolific, as being large, remarkably fine, Jkc, culti-
vators were greatly disappointed. It is certainly a very good
bearer, but as regards color it is as dark as the Wilson, nearly
or quite as sour, and remarkably coarse in appearance, with
high ridges formed by the depression of the seeds. It is also
soft, does not hull easily, and will not bear carriage.

The Bufialo Seedling is identical in appearance with the

208 THE MAQAZINB OF HOBTICULTURB.

Bussell, and we are not at all surprised that the western
pomologists have pronounced them the same. No two berries
could be more alike, but it is stated tlie foliage is quite
distinct, and that they are not the same. Our own plants,
just planted out, do not enable us to form a decided opinion
on this question, but they seem identical. As regards quality
and appearance it cannot be ranked any higher than the
Bussell.

French's Seedling is a fair-sized berry, but so pale in color,
and soft in texture, as to render it decidedly objectionable as
a market fruit. It is not so early as Jenny Lind by scTeral
days.

The Agriculturist has only fruited in pots, and it would be
unfair to judge of its merits now. As regards flavor, how-
ever, our own specimens did not give us a high opinion of its
excellence.

La Constante still takes the lead of all the newer berries,
native or foreign, which have been added to our collections
the last few years. A report of the prizes awarded will be
found in another page.

Gen. Grant Strawberry. — A new variety, under this name,
was exhibited in New York at the Agriculturist office, and
also at the Farmers' Club, Queens County, Long Island, Straw-
berry Sliow. The Committee of the Club report ^^ specimens
of a new seedling (Gen. Grant) raised by Wm. A. Burgess,
Glen Cove, were exhibited, that had been picked T6 hours,
rode 80 miles in a wagon, and when shown were firm and in
good order. Some of the Committee who have seen them in
bearing, report them a very prolific bearer." Mr. Halleck,
who exhibited the berries, thinks these qualities certainly
desirable for a market berry. The Gen. Grant is a vigorous
grower, prolific bearer, fine flavor, and very firm flesh.

Western Fruit. — ^The Fruit Growers* Society, Western
New York, held its summer session at Rochester, on the 21st,
and was well attended. The exhibition of fruits was confined
to strawberries and cherries, the former affording fine speci-
mens, in consequence of the warm and moist season. A
report of the meeting will be found on another page.

JULY. 209

BOUGAINVILLEA SPECIOSA.

This uew and elegant running plant is yet but little known
to our cultivators, and it has not, to our knowledge, flowered
in but one collection in the country. A year ago Mrs. T.
W. Ward of Canton, Mass., sent us some cut specimens of
the blooms, and, although we had seen a colored plate of it,
and read glowing accounts of its great beauty, we hardly
expected to find it so attractive.

Many years ago a very pretty figure of it appeared in a
French work, describing the rare plants in the collection of
the Jardin des Plants of Paris ; but we never heard anything
of it, and supposed it had been lost, until the English periodi-
cals gave an account of its blooming at Swyncombe, as noticed
in a previous volume.

Doubting not it will soon be generally introduced into
every conservatory, we copy tlie following notice of its
treatment, as it has been said to require particular care to
bloom it well. It appears, however, that Uiere is no secret
about it, only that common to all fine plants, viz., to know
what it requires, and to supply these requirements. It ap-
pears only necessary to grow it strong in the summer season,
and ripen off the wood well to secure plenty of flowers. Just
the same treatment given to the magnificent Bignonia venusta
will enable the cultivator to have an abundance of its rich
mauve-colored bracts or blossoms, throughout the latter part
of winter.

Mr. Clark, Mrs. Ward's excellent gardener, informs us he
found no trouble in blooming it, and that it is as free to
grow, and easy to flower, as any plant. As a conservatory
climber it is, undoubtedly, for effect, one of the finest yet
introduced.

The successful manner in which Bougainvillea speciosa
was grown at Swyncombe, under circumstances which seemed
to indicate that strong heat, and especially strong bottom-
heat, was essential to induce it to produce its inflorescence,
lias no doubt led to the conclusion, on the part of many
cultivators, that some such application of heat is necessary to

VOL. XXXI. — ^NO. VII. 14

210 TUB MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

9ecure those glorious masses of floral bracts which place this
plant in the front rank amongst ornamental creepers. We
were agreeably surprised a few days ago to find this same
Bougainvillea blossoming at Cliveden, under circumstances
which prove, at least, that a command of heat is not, as was
supposed, the clue to its successful treatment. Mr. Fleming's
plant was indeed growing in a greenhouse conservatory,
tffUhaut any boUom-heat whatever^ and yet its branches were
most charmingly draped in mauve color, as those who saw
the specimen shown by him at tlie last Begent's Park Show
can bear witness. How Mr. Fleming's plant has been treated
he shall himself tell, as he has been so obliging as to send us
the particulars.

" A few years ago the readers of tlje Oardeners^ Chronicle
were startled by a glowing leader on the beauties of Bou-
gainvillea speciosa. Many I believe up to the present day
consider the picture there given to be overdrawn, but those
who have been fortunate enough to see the plant under
fitvorable circumstances, will agree with me that not only is
tiiat account far exceeded by the real beauties of the plant,
but that we ought to be grateful to Dr. Lindley for bringing
its merits so prominently before the public. The treatment
that had been given to the plant there noticed, and the great
lieat, both top and bottom, .that had been afforded it, have,
there is no doubt, deterred many from attempting to cultivate
the plant, because they were not possessed of a stove with
the command of heat there indicated. It is to encourage
such persons to give it a trial that these remarks are made.

I have found the Bougainvillea to grow and bloom mag-
nificently ia a temperate house, where little more than the
frost is kept out in winter, and where no fire is used in
summer, and also without the slightest degree of bottom-heat,
the only difierence being that it blooms much better. It
will, I am convinced, prove to be one of our best warm
conservatory plants, for when it once gets old and strong in
the stem it will caiTy a great length of its gorgeous mauve-
colored branches. Even in high-roofed conservatories, where
the cold sometimes gets in at the top, I should not fear to
grow it, as we have found it uninjured by 8® of frost. It

JULY.

211

should not, howeTer, be orerlooked that when making ite
growth the bouse should be kept as close as the health of its
other occupants will pennit. It will be, perhaps, most easy
to explain the treatment given by adding a section plan of
the lK>u8e, (PiQ. 9.)

The small spaces (A) are one foot wide and two feet long
on each side of the pathway, at intervals of two feet. The
house is a span-roof, and the plant is trained over the path
alone, this not interfering with the growtli of other plants on
the stages. The plan I recommend is adding great interest
to a span-roofed house. Some of our climbers are much
more beautiful than many people imagine, but they rarely
have the charm of fully developing their beauties, under the
confining system so frequently applied.

PASSAGE

9. SBCTIOSI rLAR OF THE HOUSE.

The soil in the space was prepared, but below the brick-
case the roots were allowed to run all over the bed beneath
the stage, which is composed of brick rubbish and the soil
that accidentally got mixed with this in tlio alterations.
This has no doubt a great deal to do with the success, because
it provides a hard surface in the portions of brick for the
roots to adhere to, and carries off quitkly the repeated doses
of weak manure water, besides ilk^ilitating the ripening and
drying it well off in the cold winter months. Many persons
encourage the growth of gross suckers, which the plant will
invariably throw up when making its growth; but I find
these to interfere with a good display of color. While the
growth is kept to the old stem all tlie vigor is thrown into the

212 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTURB.

top— by far the best treatment for nearly all climbers* Upon
referring to the section of the house it will be seen that a
great portion of the plant is always likely to face the glass on
the top, and that is where the main portion of the color is ;
but to avoid that we are planting several by the columns of a
high conservatory, to allow tho branches to fall down, which
they will do, and form wreatlis ten feet long.

The Bougainvillea is a native of the high grounds of South
Mexico, but it is almost naturalized in Sicily and around
Naples, where it grows in great abundance against walls and
cottages, though it rarely shows its colors so finely as it does
in our houses, the sun frequently turning the mauve bracts
to a dirty white, which also happens with us if not carefully
shaded. I may add that it is a most useful plant to cut from
for in-door decoration, standing a long time in' the rooms,
and retaining its bright color there. It also travels well if
carefully packed; and will continue fully two months in
bloom in a temperate house.

FLORICULTURAL NOTICES.

Lathtbus tubebosus. — ^This is a very pretty perennial va-
riety of the pea, with slender twining stems, and clusters of
rosy tinted blossoms, which appear in great profusion all over
the plant. The roots are tuberous, like the Apios tuberosa.
It is a very fine acquisition.

The Stbiped Yebbenas. — ^The Italian striped verbenas, so
called, are very pretty additions to our collections. Tiie
trusses of bloom are not so large as many others, nor the
flowers so large, round and good shape, but in the variety of
their pencilling they are different from any of the French
or European sorts, and make up in their tints, what they lose
in size and form.'

815. Aloca'sia Lo^wn vab. picta. Mb. Low's Yabieoated
Alocasia. (Aroidesd.) Borneo.

Attoreplontt trowliif two ftet hitbt wllb ▼arieratad Ibliaiet grown In ttiht peaty aoU ; tn-
cwaaed by diTUon of the roots. Hot Mag., 1865, pi. 5497.

A very high colored variety of the fine A. Lowii, having the

JULY. 213

same habit, but with the variegation more distinct, and the
brown purple of the under side of tlie leaves brighter. It was
imported from Borneo bj Messrs. Low & Co., and is well
worthy a place in every collection of rare plants. (^BoU
Moff.j March.)

816. !Lfi^LiA PB^STANS Reecken. Admirable LaiUA. (Or-

chidesB.) Brazil. .

An orcbSdeoiM plant { irowlns best on a block of vroodt near the claaa. Bot. Mag.t 1889t pL
5m,

A rare and most beautiful species, with the richest mauve
colored flowers, the tip almost blood purple, showing a grand
contrast. It is from Brazil, and is yet rare in English collec-
tions. (^Bot, Moff,, March.)

817. Ibe'sinb Herbsth Hook. Mb. Hebbst'b Irebine.

(Amarantacese.) Brazil.

A hotboime plant ; frowins elf hte«n bichea hl«h ; with crtanson fblhige ; grown in light rich
•oil ; inoreaMd by cattlnga. Bot. Mag., 18i»5, pL MM.

This is the same plant we described in our last volume, as
Achryanthus, under which name it was figured in the Belgian
journals. It seems, however, that the plant was found thirty
years ago, and dried specimens sent to Dr. Hooker, though it
has been quite overlooked by cultivators ; but it was at last
introduced by Mr. Herbst, near London, from the River
Plate, South Brazil.

In genei-al aspect it resembles the beautiful Coleus Ver-
schaffeltii, but it is richer and deeper in color, finer in habit,
and as free a grower as that plant. As it will be likely to
prove a first rate bedding plant, and be sought for by all who
like rich, deep colored foliage, we copy the following account
of it by Mr. Herbst, from the Floral Magazine : —

" It attains a height of from twelve to eighteen inches, and
is without any trouble grown into a perfect specimen of the
most globular form, as it produces a branch from the axil of
eYQry leaf. In a house too warm and close it no doubt grows
taller, but even the stopping of the terminal shoot would
make it branch very easily. The stem and branches are of a
most beautiful, almost transparent carmine, while the leaf
itself, strongly bilobed, is of a purplish crimson underneath,

214 THB MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

dark maroou ou its upper side, with its many broad ribs of a
very prominent carmine. There is not a green spot on the
whole plant, and whether placed in the shade or in the most
brilliant sunshine, it produces a most admirable contrast with
plants of a lighter color. It has neither the gloomy appear-
ance of the Perilla nor the woolly leaf of the Coleus, and is
by no means so susceptible of cold and dampness combined
as this latter plants ijiother advantage it has is, that it does
not flower either out-of-doors or in a warm greenhouse, where
I have introduced several strong plants, on purpose to induce
it to flower, but without success."

818. Aqlaone^ma marant^ofouum, var. fouis maculatis.
Variegated uaranta-leaved Aglaoneiu. (Aroides.)
Malay Islands.

A irBenhoofe plant; irofwim dthteen indiea hlfh; wtth whitbh fowcn; MP«vInc la wiater;
frown in Umub and leaf mould ; tncreoMd by dlTlrioo of the roota. Bot. Mac-t 1865, pL 5600.

A calla-like plant, with narrower and more tapering leaves,
mottled with white and dark green. The flowers are small,
and resemble a calla before the blossoms are much expanded.
As it is undoubtably of easy culture it will be a pretty addi-
tion to collections, especially for summer decoration. (^Bct.
Moff.y June.)

819. DiPLADBNiA NOBius Ch. Morren. Noble Diplademu.

(Apocynace».) Brazil.

A holkoaae Plants irowtnc fbor fbet Mfli; wfth flash colored llowen; appearing toi wfnicrt
irown In Ufht rich aoil ; Inoeaaed by cuttinga. lUua. Horticole, 18S5, pL 425.

This is an old but charming plant, introduced many years
ago, but lost to collections ; it has now been reintroduced by
M. Yerschaffelt of Gkmd, in whose collection it flowered in
June last. It is a slender clunber, with the stems loaded
with large trumpet-shaped flowers of the most exquisite blush
or pink tinge. The roots are tuberous, and grow naturally
in a deep rich soil. It has always been considered hard to
cultivate ; but there is no difiiculty in this, if the plants are
kept growing well, and after blooming allowed to dry off, in
imitation of their native clime. The roots should be dried
off like any tuber or bulb. When tlie time for gfowing
begins, they require plenty of water, grow rapidly, and bloom
freely. (111. Hort.^ Jan.)

JULY. 216

"820. Camellia PLANiPETALA. Garden Hybrid.

' A (Teeuhoute plant ; with white flowera. in. Hort., 18t5» pi. 438.

A beautiful variety, with ample flowers, perfect petals,
clear white, with a. slight sulphur tint. It flowers abun-
dantly and freely, has a beautiful foliage and elegant habit,
and is undoubtedly one of the best of its class, (itt. Hort.j
Jan.)

821. RoBiNiA PsfruDACACiA, vAR. Dbcaisneana. Decaisne's

RoBiNiA. (Fabace®.) Garden Hybrid.

A hirdjr tree; frowtnc twenty feet bich; with pink llowen \ appeerlnff In epriBg; hkcnt mi bf
mOinf. lU. Hon., 1865. pL 487.

This is the beautiful variety we noticed in a recent number.
It was found in a bed of seedlings in the nurseries of H.
Yielville, Jr., at Manosque, France.* In growth and habit it
is similar to the parent, the common Robinia, but the clusters
of flowers are of the most delicate pink. It will be a beautifal
addition to our gardens. (J//. HorUy Feb.)

822. Azalea indica, vab. Grand Duchesse de Bade Versch.

Garden Hybrid.

A sraenhonse plant ; with deep red aowen. IIL Ifort., Ittf . pL 428.

A very showy variety. The flowers are semi-double, of
the largest size, measuring three inches in diameter, very
bright red, and spotted with crimson. The exterior lobcus
are largely develc^d, and the atameus are transformed into
petals. It is a seedling of M. Yerschafielt's, and will make a
brilliant and showy plant, (i//. Hort.j Feb.)

828. Cypripbdium Vbitchianom Herb. Mr. Veitch*8 Otp-
RiPEDiUM. (Orchideae.) Java.

A hothoute plant ; frowlns a fbot high ; with spotted flowen ; Increased by dirlilon d the root t
ealttvaied la aaBdy peat and leer UMmld. UL Hort^ 1865, pL 429.

A very beautiful species of this handsome genus, introduced
from Java by Messrs. Yeitch. The foliage is finely spotted,
and the flowers, which are large, are elegantly colored, the
sepals being spotted and striped, and the lip of a rich brown
purple. It is still rare. (7//. Hort., Feb.)

216 THE MAQAZINB OP HOBTICULTUBE.

824. Vebschaffbltia splendida Herm. Wendl. Splendid

Vebsghaffeltia. (Palmaces.) Africa.

A stoTa plant; giowinf tea ftet lilfh. UL Hort. 185S« pL 410.

A magnificent new palm, introduced by M. Verschaffelt,
and named in honor of him. The leaves are nearly three
feet long, and more than two feet wide, entire, of the deepest
greeny with orange colored midribs, quite unique, and distinct
from all other palms. It requires the heat of the stove, and
is a grand acquisition. (/U. Hort.j March.)

825. Bryonopsis laicniosa, tar. Ertthbocarpa. Bed
FamTED Lasciniate Bryonopsis. (Cucurbitaces.) Him-
alaya.

An HUNMl plant; frowfnc aUlbeiliiili; with aeailetfraltt inoraaaed by aeedi ; grown In tOD4
mitltnaoU. lU. Hort.. 18f5,pL 411.

A very pretty cucurbitaceous plant, with small, palmate
foliage, and conspicuous scarlet fruit, which clothe the slen-
der stems at the axil of every leaf. M. Naudin of Paris,
who has given an account of it, states that the seeds were
received in 1862, at the Museum d'Historie Naturelle. It
proves to be an annual, flowering early and fruiting abun-
dantly. Two plants, cultivated in pots, against a wall, pro-
duced hundreds of fruits. These fruits are round, of the
sisse of a cherry, often seven or eight together, deep green,
mottled with white, changing to bright red when fully ripe.
It has tiie habit of a Trop^olum, and the effect of the berries
is charming. It is easily raised from seeds, (/tf. Hort.y
March.)

826. Abutilon Yezillarium Ed. Mooren. Stani/ard Abu-
TiLON. (Malvace«.) Central America.

A craonhooM plant ; irowii« S ftec hifli t wHh red and yalkw flowan ; appenring In winter;
IncroMad by cattinga t grown in light rich aoiL UL Hort., 18d5, pi. 482.

A new and very distinct species, with flowers smaller than
A. striatum, the calyx scarlet, the corolla yellow, and the
stigma brown. It flowers freely, and is quite unique in its
shape. It is believed to have been raised from seeds rc-
peived from Central America. Flowers solitary at tlie axils
of the leaf, hanging graceftilly amid the rather small foliage.
It will be a ycvy pretty addition to collections. (2U. Hort.y
March.)

JCLT. 217

FRUIT eROWERS* OF WBSTXRlf NXW YORK.

This society btld its rddorI meeting Rt Rochester od the 21st The
roeednf was well attended, aod Mr. C. Downing and Dr. Trimble were
present The discossions are stated to have been interesting and ani-
mated. We copy the following report of the minutes of the discussion
on strawberries, showing the progress of the Rochester cultivators in the
growth of this fruit: —

Bui Sirauherriei for Fcrnnhf Use.

The morning session was occupied with the consideration of the best
varieties of the strawberry for family use. Dr. Trimble said that in the
vicini^ of New York the Wilson wrs more widely cultivated than any
other sort, although largely intended for marketing. The Triomphe de
Oand had not succeeded well, and its culture was nearly discontinued.
The new ** Agriculturist " had not been sufficiently tried to establish its
character, but it gave high promise, being fine in quality and a strong grow-
er. He objected to the name ^ Agricultorist," as applied to it, as it was
originated by careful cross fertilization by Seth Boyden, whose name he
diought it should bear— but who had now some new sorts that he consid-
ered superior — some one of which would probably receive his name.

IL £. Hooker of Rochester, thought we should have to fall back on some
of the old varieties. Among the earlier varieties he regarded none better
than Jenny Land ; the Hooker had rather improved, and was esteemed the
best for its flavor. In the Russell he was somewhat disappointed — ^being
too tender in flesh to cany to market, and very nearly resembling Mc-
Avoy's Superior, both of which needed fertilization to form perfect berries.
The Buflhlo Seedling had been pronounced indentioal with the MoAvoy^
Superior.

T. C. Maxwell said that the three best sorts for family use were Tri-
omphe de Gand, RusseU and Wilson's Albany, provided the latter were
fuUy ripe. The Russell is r pistillate, and bean well when fertilized with
Wilson.

Chas. Downing thought the Triomphe de Gand best of all for family use.
It ie not so productive as some others, but he preferred one quart of good
berries to three quarts of bad ones. He liked the Jenny Lind better than
the Early Scarlet He stated that the Crimson Favor, r new veriety, he
thought would prove very Urge, very early, and of fine flavor, but was not
productive.

H. T. Brooks of Wyoming county regards quality as the main point for
home consumption — that it was cheaper to raise good strawberries than to
buy sugar. If his object was merely to ^ fill up," he would raise pumpkins
for this purpose — ^but as he preferred fine quality— he would raise only
fbe best— be the same mcNre or less.

218 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

J. Crane of Lockport preferred Barr'a New Pioe, bnt Cbaf. I>Dwniog
objected on account of its inferior aixe, «8 we do not wiefa to spend a great
deal of time in picking.

President Barry said a very prominent point sbonld be eatUne$a. So
important was this regarded, that the difference of a few days would more
than double the price. He therefore particolarly esteemed the Jenny Lind
and £arly Scarlet— the former is the sweetor, but less prodiieti?e thsti the
Scarlet.

Bronson of Geneva, like some others, had been somewhat disappointed
in the Russell, it proves to be a prodigious bearer, but is soft and Kable to
rot This may, however, be owing, to the preset t season, to the warm
and wet weather. He found it better in quality than McAvoy*s Superior,
but not sufficiently firm to handle well, and it always requires fertilizing by
such good fertilizers as Wilson's or Austin's Seedling. He had just exper-
imented imperfectly with the " Agricultunst," and although not prepared
to speak confidently of its merits, thought that it promised to prove valu-
able. Chas. Downing also thought highly of the Agricultunst

C. L. Hoag said the Filmore had not succeeded well with him, and that
he had discontinued its cultivation and ploughed up his plantation of it

Chas. Downing said that in comparing the RusseU with the McAvoy^
Superior, it should be borne in mind that there were two varieties dissemi-
nated as McAvqy's Superior — ^the spurious being Kghi red — the genuine
dark red. He said the genuine was the same as the Buflyo Seedling.

A ballot was taken for the best 6 varieties for family use, and resulted
in the following vote — those receiving the highest number would, of course^
be understood as being the more general fkvorites in Western New Y<ak
— 33 votes being given in all :

Triomphe de Gand, 30 votes.

Early Scarlet, 26 votes.

Russell and Wilson, each 23 votes.

Hooker, 22 votes.

Burr's New Pine, 12 votes.

Hovey's Seedling, 8 votes.

Victoria and Brighton Pine, each 5 votes.

Jenny Lind, 4 votes;

Crimson Cone, for Canning, 3 votes.

Agriculturist, 3 votes.

Buffalo, Austin, and Longworth, each 2 votes.

Red Alpine, White Alpine, Cutter's Seedling, Jenny's Seedling, Gene-
see, and La Constante, each 1 vote.

BELMONT FARMBES' CLUB.

This flourishing association held its seventh annual Strawberry Show
on the 20th of June. The season has been favorable and the exhibition
was large and very good. The day was a little late for some of the best
specimens of several kinds, still the show was every way worthy the skill
of the Belmont cultivators.

JULY, 219

In addition to ttnwberriei, liberml prises were oflbred for booqaets and
pot plaiits, and there was a fine display of the former, which served to set
off the show of fruit, arranged as they were along the centre of the two
long tables, either side being filled with several hundred or so baskets of
strawberries, containing from two to four quarts each. The main kinds
were Hovey's Seedling and Brighton Pine as usual, but there were more of
the Triomphe de Gand and La Constante than last year, with a few of the
Austin.

The following is the award of prizes: —
For the best basket of strawberries, containing not less than 4 quarts of
any one variety, to W. H. Locke, fat La Constantei a Silver Cup
valued at |25.
For the next best basket of strawberries, containing not less than 4
quarts of aqy one varied, to J. O. Wellington, for Triomphe de Gand,
a piece of Silver, valued at $15
For the best basket of Hovey's Seedling, not less than 3 quarts, to A.
Simpson, $10.
For the next best, to J. O. Wellington, (5.
For the next best, to M. Patterson, $3.
For the best basket of Brighton Pines, not less than 3 quarts, to J. 8. Cros-
by, $10.
For the next best, to D Cbenery, $5.
For the best basket of Triomplie de Gand, not less than 8 quarts, to J. O.
Wellington, #10
For the next best, to D* Qienery, $S.
For the best two quarts of any other variety than those above named, to
C. W. Winn, |M.
For the next bert, to C. W. Winn, #3.
For the next best, to W. J. Underwood, #3.
For the best collection of five varieties, one quart each, to J. O. Welling-
ton, $10.
For the next best, to Hovey iL Co,. $8.

The competition was veiy close between Hovey^ Seedling and La
Constants. Mr. J. Crosby, who took the prixe for the Hovey, had a mag-
nificent basket, as did Mr. Wellington, who carried off four prises, sustain-
ing his reputation as a strawberry grower.

The day was fine, and the attendance of visitors large. Music was
fbmished by the Germania band, and the occasion v411 be recollected with
pleasure by all who were finrtunate to be present.

220 THB MAGAZINE OF HORTICDLTORE.

OpKifiifo OF THE Hall. — The opening exhibition of the season took
place on Saturday, May 27, The show was very good, though the number
of ezhibitorB was limited. Cut flowers were very fine.

From Jona. French, a variety of plants, with small but well-grown speci-
mens. From Hovey & Co., a collection of plants, including the fine
Pandanus variegatus, Yucca aloeifolia variegata, Tetratheca verticillata,
dtc, also six fine heaths, and the following azaleas: A. Mad. Miellez,
Model, Gledstanesii, Brilliant, Osbomi, and crispiflora ; six large flowered,
and six Fancy pelargoniums. From H. H. Hunnewell, six fine pelargo-
niums and six fbchsias. Cut flowers came from F. Parkman, Hovey &
Co., J. Nugent, J. E. Westgate, J. McTear, and others. James Barrett
sent 60 species of native plants.

AWAED OF PaBMIUMS.

Plants. — For the best collection, to Jonathan French, $15.

For the next best, to Hovey & Co., $12.
Azaleas. — For the best six, to Hovey dt Co., $10.
PxLABeoNiUMS. — For the best 6 large flowered, to H. H. Hunnewell, (8.
For the next best, to Hovey & Co., $8.
For the best Fancy do., to Hovey & Co., $8.
Specimbn. — For the best, to Hovey & Co., 9i.
Cut Flowbes.— For the best, to F. Parkman, (6.
For the next best, to J. Nugent, $5.
For the next best, to J. E. Westgate, $4.
For the next beet, to J. McTear, $3.
GiuTuiTiEs.— To H. H. Hunnewell, for rhododendrons, #5.
To H. H. Hunnewell, for fuchsias, $5.
To James Barrett, for native plants, $5.
Premiums and gratuities were also awarded for baskets of flowers and
various contributions.

Jtme 3. An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day,— the
President in the chair.
Numerous members were proposed, and seventeen elected.
Exhibited. Flowxes: From H. H. Hunnewell, Hovey Sl Co., and
R. Oldreive, fine collections of rhododendrons and azaleas. Among Mr.
Hunnewell's were several deep colored varieties. Cut flowers, in variety,
were shown by various exhibitors, and some superb fuchsias, byJ. W.
Brooks, Esq., the best, ^e think, ever shown in the Hall, and gained, most
. deservedly, a gratuity of $10.

AWARD OF PRIZES.

RnoDODRNDRoifs. — For the best, to H. H. Hunnewell, #8.
For the next best, to Hovey & Co , #6.

JULY. 221

AzAiiSAS. — For the best, to R. Oldreive, #6.
For the next best, to H. H. Hunnewell, #6.

Gratuities. — For six fuchsias, to J. W. Brooks, $10.
For ranonculas, to B. K« Blis^, $3.

Other gratuities for floirers were also awarded.

Junit 10. — Exhibited. Flowers : From J. Sanderson, fine specimens of
the handsome Virgilia lutea ; splendid peonies, from Hovej dt Co., com-
prising the following sorts: Festiva, FestiTR maxima. Sinensis Delachi,
Fulgida, Arsene Murat, L'Eblonissant, Ne Plus Ultra, Hericartiana, Francis
Ortegat, and fioesuet Cut flowers ftom various exhibitors.

Fruit: From C. S. Holbrook, magnificent Early Crawford peaches.
From J. Todd, Hingham, beautiful Hovey peaches.

Jime 17. Rose and Strawbbrrt Show. The show of roses was
large and fine, and the iq[)ecimens better than usual Sweet Williams
were exceedingly fine, and the soveral stands made an ^S9Ctive show.
The cut flowers, pinks, baskets, and bouquets, were all superior.

AWARD OF FRIEB8.

June Roses. — Class I. For the best 20 varieties, to Hovey & Ca, #4.
Class n. For the best 10 varieties, to J. Nugent, $3.

For the next best, to J. Breck, ffL
Hardt Psrpetuaim— Class I. For the best 90 varieties, to H. H. Hun-
newell, $6. *

For the next best, to J. C. Chaflin, #4.

For the next best, to Hovey Al Co^ 93.
Class II. For the best 10 varieties, to J, McTear, 93.

For the next best, to J. Nugent, (2.
TxifnER Roses.— For the best display, 10 var., to J. Nugent, $4.

For the next best, to J. McTear, $3.
OsNBRAi. Display of Roses. — ^For the best, to J. C. Chaflin, $5.

For the next best, to J. Nugent, $4.
Sweet Williams. — For the best 30 trusses, in 10 varieties, to Hovey
d& Co., $3.

For the next best, to J. McTear, $2.
Fires. — For the best display of 30 flowers, to Jooa. French, $4.

For the next best, to Hovey & Co., ^3.

For the next best, to J. McTear, $2.
Prizes and gratuities were also awarded for cut flowers, bouquets and
baskets.

Fruit: The strawberries were altogether the most effective show the
Society ever made of this fruit BesidSs the well-known kinds, fiuffiilo,
French's Seedling, and Russell's Prolific were exhibited. From Hovey d&
Co. eleven varieties, as follows. La Constante, Emma, Hovey's Seedling,
Empress Eugenie, Napoleon IIL, Admiral Dundas, Marguerite, Green
Prolific, Lenning's White, Russell's Prolific, Triomphe de Gaud, and
Prince Frederick William. From Wm. Gray, Jr., Oscar, La Constante,
Hovey's Seedling, and Triomphe de Grand. W. C. Strong, A. W. Spencer,
J. W. Foster and others, sent good fruits.

222 THE MAQIZINB OF HORnCCLTUBK.

▲WARD OF FRiSlt.

For the best four yarieties, for Hovey's Seedling, La Contt&nte, Admiral

Dandaa and Marguerite, two quarts each, to Horej Sl (X, #90.
For the next beet, to J. W. Foeter,$15.
For the next beet, to Wm. Graj, Jr., $10.

DsATH OF Sir Josiph Pazton. — ^It ia with deep regret that we an-
noance the death of Sir Joeeph Pazton, which took place at Sydenham,
June 8th, after a protracted Olneee, at the age of 6ii. The lateneee of the
month preeladea an extended notice of hie life and labora, which will
appear in oor next Hia death will be lamented by a large circle of
acqaaintance, and the horticoltnral world haa loet one of iti meet entha-
aiaatie and ardent friends.

DiATH OF William Todd. — Died at Roxbury, Maaa., Jnne 7, Mr.
WOlkun Todd, gardener, in the S9d year of hia age.

Mr. Todd was well known aa one of the moat akilftil gardenera. At the
time of hia ^eath he waa gardener to W. C. Harding, Esq., of Roxboiy,
where he had been for npwarde of two yeaia, and waa Joat beginning to
ahow the reeolta of hia labors, in the management of the grounds. Aa r
grape grower few excelled him. Mr. Todd waa for ae? eral yeara in the
employ of Means. Hovey & Co., and subseqaently removed to Galifbrnia.
On hia retam from the latter atate he viaited hia native land. Mr. Todd
waa a native of Richmond, Yorkahire, England. Gentlemanly and ooor-
teoua in his manners, ready to impart information to all who sooght, his
death will be lamented by those who knew him. (Nova Scotia papeis will
please copy.)

Horliailtiiral ^^ttv&m

FOR JOLT.

FRUIT DEPARTMIlfT.

JuvB has been a warm and beautiful month, with just enough rain to
keep vegetation in fine condition, and a temperature sufficiently high
without being excessive at any time.

VinxB in the early houses will still be at rest, and require very little
care; the only thing necesaary being to aecure thoroughly ripe wood.

JULY. 328

Viaet in kter bouses and fieenboiiset will now be swelling tbeir fhiit
rqiidlj^ and dqring tbe montb will begin to color. Look over tbe boncbes,
andf if not properly tbinned, cut away any superfluous berries, being
careful not to tbin so as to leave a loose straggling cluster. Many
cultivators tbin too much, and we think it best to err on the right side, and
to our mind a bunch thinned improperly is worse than one not thinned at
alL When the bunches are very large, as with the Syrian, Trebbiana,
White Nice, dtc, the bunches should be shouldered ; that is, the shoulders
should be tied up to the trellis so as not to press upon the bunch until the
berries are swollen. Look over and regulate the laterals, stopping those a
second time which have started into growth. Damp down the house,
naoming, noon and night Vines in cold houses require similar attention,
always being careful not to admit cold drafls on the sides of the house.
Give all borders a good watering, if dry. Summer-prune hardy vines, and
lay in the strong wood for next year.

SraAWBiaaT Beds will now require attention. Proceed at once to
clear away all the old plants between the rows, where they have been
allowed to run, and manure well and spade the ground deep, then rake and
level, and as soon as the fresh runners begin to grow lay in the plants
carefuUy at regular distances, and the beds will be nearly as good as those
newly made. When the plants are cultivated in bills, or single rows, the
soil should also be well manured, and dug in the same way. Keep spring
planted beds clear of all weeds, and lay the runners as they grow.

PxAR Aicn Plum Tries may be budded the last of the month.

Summer Pruhinb should be continued at all times, cutting away, the
laterals and cross branches, to give air and light to the fruit

TauficiNe Fruit should be commenced immediately, before tbe crop
has grown so as to exhaust the energies of the tree.

Peach Aiin otber Fruit Trees, in pots, should be well watered, until
the fruit is well colored, when the quantity should be lessened. Use
liquid manure freely.

FLOWER DEPARTMENT.

The fine weather of June, with the advanced season, has made the
garden as beautiful as it ordinarily is a month later in the year. Timely
rains have given a vigor to all bedding plants, and they already present a
gay appearance. July is the month when all the preparations should be
completed for winter stock, repotting, pruning and putting in order every-
thing before it is so late that they do not have time to recover from these
operations. Take all leisure opportunity to collect soils and prepare thero
for winter.

Azaleas will now be completing their growth, and by the end of the
month should be in readiness to place in the open air to ripen their wood.
Syringe and encourage their growth, and repot immediately all that require
it Stop pinching the shoots, except on young stock. Look out for thrips
and red spider, and destroy in time.

224 THB MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTUBR.

Camkllus should now be remored to tlieir •ommer qntttem, if not
already done. £f3rriiige, rooroiiig and ni^ht, and take thk month to repot
all that require it

CmxaAEiAi should be potted ofl^ taking the young and fresh suckers ;
place in a mme, and keep close for a few days, till w^ rooted.

PsLAEooinims will soon be out of bloom, and water should be sparingly
given to ripen the wood previous to heading in, which should be done the
last of the month, or early in August

AorafSNBs, growing vigorously, may have another shift into larger
pote.

Cactusm, now making their growth, should have a good sttnation in the
open air, and have more liberal supplies of water. Repot all such as
require it, and top-dress with very litde guano.

OxALis BowiBi AND HiETA may be potted this month, and placed in a
cold frame.

EuPATOEiUMs, Stevias, and similar plants, should be plunged out in
an open sunny bed, and have an occasional watering with liquid manure.

Caladiums and Bbgofias may have another shift. Shade from the
noonday sun, and water rather freely.

Bouvaedias should be plunged out in a warm place, or, if grown in the
house, have a shift into larger pots.

FiEifs, of every kind, will require a shift into larger pots.

Amartluses should be grown well, and have a warm place on a shelf
near the glass. Without good foliage the plants win not bloom.

A. BBLLADOimA should be potted now.

CHiifEBB Peimeosbb should be kept in a cool frame.

Helioteopbs, and other flowers, intended for winter blooming, vboold
be headed in.

Fuchsias should have their final shift bto large pots.

FLOWBE OARDEir AND 8HRUBEBET.

Give every attention to the lawn, and roll and cut as often as possible.
Hoe and rake the beds, and clean and roll the walks.

GrjiDioLUS, now coming into bloom, should be neatly tied to hindseme
stakes.

Dahlias should have attention. Water often, if diy, and tie up to a
stout stake. Cut away all small superfluous shoots.

PEONIES should have the seed pods all cut pfl^ as it will greatly
strengthen the roots.

Rhododbndeons and Azalras should be cleaned (^ their seed pods.

Hedobs should be clipped immediately.

Shrubs, all done flowering, should now be well pruned and headed in,
to secure a young and vigorous growth of fresh shoots.

Seeds of various perennial flowering plants may now be sown.

Daisies should be replanted, selecting a moist hal^shady place.

Roses should be layered this month.

AMEBIOAN"

HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

The underMigxied having been engaged to prepare and pnblkh a Calsilogue of Ameri-
cao NorBerynien, HorticuUural Deaiere Bnd Agents niid Fruit Growers, desiree to
procure—

L Of Nursery me IT thro ugh tiiit the United Stales— the Name, P. O., County, Btiik%
Acres in Nursery, Siile Stock for 1865-fi^ viz.: Number of Apple, Peart Peuch, Cherryt
Plum, Apricot, Nectarine and Quince Trees; Grapevines, Currantj*. Gooseberry,
Raspberry, Blackberry and Strawberry Plants; Stocks- Apple, Cherry, Pear and QuincL-^
Deciduous Trec^s, Evergreen Trees ; Deciduous Shrubs, Evergreen Shrubs, VineN, Hud
Creepers, Roses, Perennial FlowerH.

Il> OfDealeru anil Agents— Name, P, O,, County, State : Nami?fi of Nnnjerymen for
whofnttciing: extent of territory furnished or canvassed, (Nurserymen arc requej^^ted to
furnish this information ^of ntl thdr authorized Jigttiis.)

I[L Of Fruit Growers— Name, P* O , County, State, Acres planted, Number of
Trees, Vines and Bnshes of Apple, Pear, Peach, Cherr}% Plum, Aprieot, Nectarine,
Quince, Grspe, Currant^ Gooseberry, Blackberry^ Raspberry and Strawberry*

IV. Of Fruit Dealera^Natne, P, O., County, State.

Persons sending the above inforiTiatiou, (with a three cent stamp for return postage,)
previous to August 15tli, will receive a copy of the Register free of charge.

Early, prompt and correct infofoiation h urged, and will make this a valuable book iif
reference to buyer and seller,

^w. O. FL^GG,

Secretary Hlinoia Stale IJorticullural Society,
June 15, 1865* 2t Al-^o;*, iLLmuis.

Choice Seeds for Present Sowing.

HOVEY & CO.

Invite attention to the fol]owmjj Brst class seeJs, now just in season for sowing : —
HoUybockt collection of twelve distinct sorti?, #1.50*

** mkcd. fine double, - _ - - - , jq cts.

Calceolaria, shrubby, fine, mixed, - * * - - - 50 "

** herbaceous, fine, mixed, - - - - * - - 50 ''

Cinemm, from the finest sorlSj - - - - - - 50 "

Chinese Primrose, fine fringed, white, - - - * - 25 *'

•* *'' fine fringed, purple, - - - - - 25 "

Priinula sinensis kermosioa splemlensj (Ckinfsf Pnmro^r.) Very large fringed

flowers i bright velvety crimson ; bcflutifuf, - - - - 50 **

Primula sinensis, erecla superba. A distinct variety, of upright growth ; flow-
era, hriJJiBnt rosy-crimaon, large nod finely fringed; splendid, - - 50 "
Primula sinensis, filicifolm rubra* A brilliant new variety, with very large,
rich crimson, frmged blo^^aoms ; of very compact, robust growth^ totally
distinct froTO any other variety by its large, fern-like foliage, and beauti^
fully fbrJiied fiowera, - - » - - - * $1
Aorirrhinum, finest mixeil* - - - * * - - 10 cts*
ytock, scarlet and while, intermediate, * - - - - 10 *^

Double Gennnn, wall flower, - - - - - - -10^'

Stocb, Victorm, scarlet, - - - - - - , tO *^

*' ^* white, - - - - - - - 10 "

Pftntiesi English prize Howeia, - * - - - - 50 *'

** New fancy kinds, - - - - - - _ g,'^ u

*♦ Auricula flowered, -----,- 5^j **

Wrth ali the usual variety, suitable for planting at this season,

HOVEY & CO.,

53 North Market 9 r suet.

on rni

ORCHARD-HOUSE.

CORDON TRAINING OF FRUIT TREES

FOR THF.

ORCHARD-HOUSE AND OPEN AIR,

By T. COLLINGS BREHAUT.

WITH A

SUPPLEMENT

CDPmiPtlftG

EEMARKS OK COEMU TRAOriHG OF THE PEAH; THE CULTIVATIOir

Airo PRTINING OF PEACH TEEES Df POTS; THE BEST

VAEEETIES OF FSUITS FOR POT CULTUEE;

AND

GElTEaAL EEUASKS ON OBCHABD-HOUSES ADAFTES TO THE CUHATE
OP THE UNITED STATES.

BY C. ]Sd:. HOVEY,

FRBSIDEHT of THE MASSACHUSKTrS (lOHTlClTUTUHAI. SOCJETY ■
SMTOm OP HAOA^me of Kil»TU*Ut,Tt?IU£, ASM AlTrMR GF mriTa m AUKHICA.

1 vol,, octavo. Price, $L25.

Thie volume contJiin«» in aililition to the large experience of Mr Btclinnt, all Ihe infor-
mation neeJfnl for tfie cutlivaljor to aucccesfully cuUiviile ihc j>e»ch tn« in poto, by the
Editor, vrith telectians of Uie beil fruits ■Jnpted to the Orchard- House nntl Tot Civltiire.

Published by Hovey & Co*, 53 Nortb Market St » Boston.

y^t^p-TZ^.a-^^^^^.^^C^j a^^^ ^

Fifth Eeriea, Vol, I

MAGAZINE

HORTICULTURE,

BOTANY,

AJID kXd. 08KFUL DTfCOVEBIES AKD IMFBOTmUSKTS

m EUBAL AFFATE8.

^* Jo f eudmli AebaiiilEcr tout TunlTtirfl dto mon i^£kt poar 1«3 Janlku. II me mnblo qmHl Mt
impo^tln qu^iin m^eliAnl polJ^Q I'u^olr. I L n'eat poist dc yartus quo Jc^ PO suppow k eolul qol

No. CCCLXVIIL
AUGUST, 1865.

EDITED BY C, M, HOYEY,

AUTSOtt OF THK FHUITS OF AMERICA.

""BOSTON:

PUBLISHED BY HOVEY & CO.

[i3 IIOHTU MAUKKT STRKKTt OPPOSCTB FANEUll* HALL-
TWO IIQI.I.AHB k TEAR.

VOL* XXXL

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

FIFTH SERIES, VOL I.-OR. VOL. XXXL
Establiahed in 1835.

TERMS:

OftK Copt, owi teai, iovarmbly in advance, - - Two Dollabs.
Four Copies, " " *' " - - Seviw Dollars.

VoLufexE roft 18(3, Handsomely Bound in Clothe

Two Dollar !)f Fitti Ceiits.
Volumes for I860, '61, '02, 'G3, '04, bounds and

Subecnplion for 1865, Poortekw Dollars^

Complete Sets, in 30 volumes, bound, - - - Fifty Dollars,
HAGASirvc and IToRTrcuLTunisT, one year, - Folr Dollars.

** ** Gardewers' MoptTHLT, ORB year,

Three Doj^lahb, Seventt-Five Cewts,
** " the Three Magazines,

Five Dollars, Sevepstv-Five CEitTi.
SiMGLE CoriEs, -----.--.--. Twenty Cfnts.

A fiill set of the Msgaxine fornw r complete Encyclnpedia of Horti-
culture, cmhTacvng every Bubject connected iviih the Garden, and ii ft
Library in itietf. Audrey,

HOVEY & CO., Publishers,
5y North Market St,, BoaTOCi.

CONTENTS,

K Out Culinary Vegetables, By the Editor, - - . - 2515

2. Pomological Goasip, - - - 232

a The Allamandaa, . . - - . - - - 235

4. Hardy Ornamenta! Plants — No. 1. From the Gardenew'

Chronicle, -,-»-*-^- 23&

5. Floricnltnral Notices, .-.-,-- S42

6. Garden Gossip, ,----*--.- 245

7. Obituary, - . - 251

8. Horticultural Opemtiona for A ugnat, - - - - 254

Cash Advertising Terms for 1865.

One page, each InaerTion, $20 00* Half page, each insertion, $10 00.
Less than half page. 25 cents per line, each insertion,
3d and 4th Cover pages, S30 per page.
Each page containa 85 lines of space. No discount allowed from theaft
. rates.

Advertisements, to insure insertion, shouH be sent to the publishere by
the 22d of tf»e month preceding that in wliich they are to appear* Ad-
Tertiders will please specify Oie amount of room they wish their adver-
tisemeniB to occupy, and the number of timed to be inserted.

Address HOVEY & CO.,

53 North Market Street, Boston.

Q^ The Postage on the Maga:dae ia U cts.; if paid in advance, qnar^
l«rly, 12 cU. a year.

B. W. OvTTOK & Sos, PmiiiTCKa,
m and 03 fVbiblp^OQ Strvvt, fioiMMi'

i^H^

Advertiring Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

A VALUABLE

HORTICULTURAL LIRRARY.

THE

MAfiAZINE OF HORTICULTURE,

EDITED BY C. M. HOVEY,

PBESIDENT OF THE KA8SA0HU8ETTS HOBTICULTUBAL 80CISTT. ,

IN THIRTY VOLUMES.
1835 to 1865.

CONTADnNG FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE FOLLOWING FRUITS:

800 varieties of Peara, includiog all the new kinds.
100 " " Apples.
50 " " Plums.
20 ** ** Cherries.
10 " " Grapes.
6 " " Strawberries.
100 Engravings of Ornamental Trees.
100 ^^ ^^ Flowers and Plants ; and upwards of

1000 other Engravings, including Plans of Gardens, Graperies and
Greenhouses, various modes of Grafling, Budding and Propagating, dec.

The several Volumes contain numerous valuable articles by

Gen. H. A. S. Deabbobn, Capt. Lovbtt, A. J. Downing,

Sam'l Downbb, R. Manning, Sam'l Walkbb, Dr. T. W.
Habbis, Dr. W. D. Bbtnckle, A. H. Ebnst, Dr. J, A.
Kbnnicott, Wm. Rbid, Judge Buel, Hon. M. P. Wildbb,
Hon. J. S. Cabot, Rev. H. W. Bbbcbbb, Prof. J. L. Russell,

Wilson Flagg, Ch^s. Downing, P. B. Mead, Thos. Mebhan,

Ellwangbb & Babbt, Prof. J. P. Eibtlans, H. H. Hunnbwbll,
and many other eminent practical and professional cultivators.

The 90 volumes contain a mass of valuable information on every subject con*
nected with gardening, and especially on the higher branches of horticultural
art — upon the culture of the grape under glass — ^the peach tree in pots — ^the
pruning and training of the near, the apple, and the peach — the growth of the
strawberry — the culture of the cucumber under glass— the treatment of the Ca*

^ 44k>erimng' Sheet of the Sfiig. of H^rticuUtire.

mellia, Rose, Pelargoniumt CaxoeUion, A^left^ Hyacinth, Chrysantbenauin,
Dahlia, Heath, Chinese Prirnrose, Giadiolus, Gloxinia, Japan Lily, Phlox, Ver-
bena, Ranunculus, Cyclamen, Cineraria, Oxalis, and all other flowers — d^rip-
tions of modes of budding, grafting, layering, propagadi^g) pruaiag and tmtping
plants — ^the construction of greenhouses, conservatories and graperies— -descrip-
tiona^aDd mode o£ cuUur* of all onr hardy ornamental trees and shrubs, particu-
larly the Rhododendron, Azalea, Kalmia, and Magnolia — general directions for
laymg out grounds of larger or smaller extent, with many plans — Essays on
Landscape Gardening and Rural art, with bints upon the improvement of grounds
— extracts and gleanings from all the principal gardening periodicals in Europe
— full and complete descriptions. of all the principal plants ratrodoced to Europe
since 1835^ more than 3000 in namber-^descriptions and engrajrings of mora
than 300 pears, with notices of many hundred more— descriptions and engrav-
ings of 100 varieties of. apples, and notices of every variety introduced ; also of
cherries, plums, apples, peaches, strawberries, grapes, currants, blackberries,
raspberries, &c. — Reports of various Horticultural Societies — of every session of
• the American Pomological Society — the weekly, monthly and annual proceed-
ings of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, often with reports of the commit-
tees — and a calendar of operations for every month in the year, for thirty con-
secutive years ; in all, nearly 20,000 pages of horticultural intelligence, and
2000 engravings illustrative of the various subjects. The literature of gardening
does not contain a similar instance of continued exertion to record its progress.
liOudon'SL Magazine reached its 19th volume, and the Gardeners^ Chronicle, the
prominent publication of Great Britain, at this day, is only in it9 24th yea>r. In
our own country no kindred publication, but the Albany Cultivator, has such an
early date as our Magazine.

The 30 volumes are now oflered for sale in complete sets, or parta. of sets,
(each complete), and in odd volumes, at the following prices :

30 vols., 1835 to 1865, handsomely bound, - • - $50 00

15 voU., 1850 to 1865, " "... 30 00

5 vols., 1850 to 1855, " " - - - 12 00

5 vols., 1855 to 1860, " "... 1200

5 vols., 1860 to 1865, " «... 12 00

Vols. 1 te 15, complete the 1st series.
Vols. 16 to 20, " 2d series^ (vols^ 1 to 5).

Vols. 21 to 25, " 3d series, (vols. 1 to 5).

Vols. 26. to 30, " 4th series, (voU. 1 to 5.)

The year 1865 commences the 5th seriev^

30 vols, unbound, 1835 to 1865, f30 00

15 vols. '' 1850 to 1865, 18 00

It) vols. ** 1855 to 1865, 12 00

Odd vols. " 8^1 each. The latter mailed free, on receipt of 91.

C^Every volui^e conta^ns^onet or more-atticles worth more than the price.
Address

BBOVEY &; CO,

58 North Market Street, Boston.

Advertising Sheet of the Mmg. of H9rticuUune. 3

8TAM0ARD PEARS1

l^xtra, Fine Stock :foi* Fall lSale»!

We offer for Pdl, 186S, im eXtetMive and superior etock of
Grown with the greatest care on oar strong iclay and gravel loam,

The Best Soil in the World to produce a etrong healthy tree.

FOR

EXTfNT, VAMTY, pUJTY,

We believe onr Stotk to be unsarpassed.

ALL THE LEABIIVO SORTS I!V LARGE SCPPLIT.

We have also a large and varied assortment of all the best sorts,

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAl. TREES, SHRUBS,
GRAPE VINES, ROSES, BEDDING PLANTS, &e,

For the Wholesale or Retail Trade.
To Nurserymen, Dealers, and all wishing to purchase, either m lu^cr samll qoan-
'tlties, we offer the most liberal terms.

Send stamp for Catalogues, or oall and examiie our stock.

F. MAXWEIJ. ft BRO.

Oeneva, IT. Y., Aug. Ist, 1866. Aag.— St.

PRIZE STRA^^BEHRIES !

TV^SHBURN <fe CO.,
HORTICULTURAL HALL,

lOO TREMONT STREET, BOSTON, MASS,,

Offer for sale plants of the following large and superior Strawberries:
XijA O^XXfil'C AXX'tOa A magnificent berrj which was awarded the first

prize at the ^reat Strawberry Festival, at Belmont, Mass. It also waS one of the four

varieties which obtained the first prise of the Massaohosetti Horticultural Society.
Plants — vigorous, hardy and productive.

Fruit — large, handsome, and of the best flavor. 50 cents per dozen.
^LKXriOtl.l'ttl.l^lfill;. The prize berry of New York ; lar|;e, good color

iindgood quality. $1.50 per doz.
SSixJCTaX^ SOOCSLXlXXJK. A large productive variety. W\ per doz.
Xl.-U.filfiloXX'fil JF^X^^llxLOa A lar^ productive variety, similar to

the Buffalo Seedling. 50 cts. per doz,
I*3trolJLOll.'fil «OOCal1na?. a new large early variety, productive

and good. $1 per doz.

XjoxXXXlXXfl^'fil "VITllLl'tO- A light colored or nearly white; very

productive, and good. 50 cts. per doz.
jg[<;>-\7-oy'0 S00C3JLlXl.fl». The largest, best colored, and roost

profitable. Genuine from Messrs. Hovey & Co. $1.50 per 100.

ALSO,

PTMrws, LoeMa Pnfecta, Btfen, Beptford White, Ad. Itamdas, Haargaertte,

And 30 other varieties.

Address, WASHBUBN & CO.,

J^,^. 100 TrtmonI Sirttt, 0M(on, Mats.

4 Advertising Skeei of the Mag. of Horticulture.

PRIZE STRAWBERRIES.

HOVEY & CO.,

68 NORTH MARKET STREET, BOSTON.

Offer for sale fine Btrone plants of the following varieties of Strawberries, which iaclude
all the new kinds that have been tried, both Native and Foreign : —

LA OONSTANTE.

One of the largfest and very finest kinds. Obtained the $25 Silver Cup at Belmont,
and one of the four eorte which obtained the $20 prize offered by the Massachusetts Hor-
ticultural Society. Five years trial have proved it to be the finest Foreign Strawbeny,
and a productive and profitable market fruit Plants, 50 cts. per doz., $3 per hundred.

AGRICULTURIST.

The prize berry in New York, and believed to be a productive, large and fine variety.
Planti, $1.50 per dozen.

RUSSELL'S PROLIFIC.

A large and productive berry of fair quality. 50 cts. per doz., $3 per 100.

BUFFALO SEEDLING.

Veiy similar to Russell's Prolific in size and quality. Plants, 50 cts. per doz., $3 per

loa

FRENCH'S SEEDLING.

A good sized early strawberry, which is said to be productive and profitable. 50 cts.
per dozen.

LENNING'S WHITE.

A real white strawberry, productive, fair sized, and of good flavor. 50 cts. per doz.

GREEN PROLIFIC.

A large and productive variety, light scarlet, and fair quality. 50 cts. per doz.

ALSO,

LUCINDA PERFECT A, with large fruit ;
PROGRESS, fruit large, scariet ;
FROGMORlirS LATE PINE, large and good;
$1.50 each, per dozen.
WHITE PINE APPLE, and DEPTFORD WHITE, $1 per doz.

ADMIRAL DUNDAS.

The largest strawberry grown, measuring 6 to 8 inches in circumference. $1 per doz.

EMPRESS EUGENIE, very large; MARGUERITE, very large; EMMA, WON-
DERPUL, AMBROSIA, NAPOLEON III., DUG DE MALAKOFF, OSCAR, &c.,
at 50 cts. per doz.

HOVEY'S SEEDLmG.

One of the largest, finest, and most productive varieties in cultivation ; one of the vari-
eties which obtained the $90 prize. Plants, $1.50 per 100.

BOSTON PINE.

A large, early, productive, and delicious variety. Plants, $1.50 per 100.

BRIGHTON PINE, JENNY LIND, AUSTIN, SCOTT'S SEEDUNG, and TRI-
OMPHE DE GAND, at $1.50 per 100.
Ready for delivery, August 20{th, and safely packed for transportation to any part ef
t^e cpantry. Address,

HOVET & CO.

53 North Market Street, Poston, Mass.

Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

TO THE TRADE.

JAPAN LILIES.

HOVEY & CO.

NO. 53 NOBTH MABEET 8TBSST,
BOSTON,

OfSsf for sale one of the lurgest Collections of the splendid Japan Lilies, including many
of their fine seedlings, which have been increased in sufficient quantity to offer to the
trade. Th<)ee Seedlings have been produced by hybridization with our hardiest kinds
and are much stronger growers than the original species, throwing up stems five feet
high, containing from fifteen to twenty flowers.

The prices by the dozen are as follows : —

Lancifolium album, pure white, -- .-$400

'* punctaturo (true), with delicater pink spots, 9 00

" roseum, rose-spotted, - - - - - -- - - 400

•* rubrum,. crimson-spotted, .-400

** selected seedlings, very finely spotted, - - - - - 4 00

Melpomene, with deep blood-colored spots, - - - - - - -1500.

Terpsichore, large, rosy crimson spots, - . -.. - - . . 9 00
Urania, blush-tinged and crimson-spotted, .......900

Thalia, spoUed with ruby, 900

Eva, dktinct, dwarf, rosy lilac spots, ........900

Iianoifblinm» mtoxim and roseum, by the 100 or 1000 at liberal rates.

ALSO, THE rOLLOWirrO PI5B LILIES BT THE DOZEN: —

Lb Brownii, a superb white flower, trumpet-shaped, six inches long, - - . 19 00

Ezimna, true, very large trumpet-shaped white flowers, . . . - 4 00

Groom's Hybrid, with deep blood-colored and spotted flowers, - . . 5 00

Soperbum, a splendid lily, red and orange-spotted, six feet high, - - - 4 00

Candidum, the old white lily, 300

Loneifloruro, with very large white trumpet-shaped flowers, . . . 9 00

Tignnia, (Tiger lily,) .... 1 50

Bliutagon, various colors, 400

Cbalcedonicum, with small scarlet flowers, -..-..-400

- Bulbs ready for delivery October 10th«

The months of October and November is the best season for planting these Lilies in
the open ground. For cultivation in pots, they should be planted at the sime time, and
be wintered in a frame, protected from severe frosts, or they may be kept dry till February
and then potted. They will then bloom beautifully in July and August No plants of
recent introduction are more valuable than the Japan Lilies. Aug.

Advertising Sheet of the Mag* of Horticulture.

DUTCH

BULBOUS FLOWER ROOTS.

We have just received per Steamship Africa, a large and select assortment of the above
favorite flowering plants, from one of the most celebrated Florists in Holland, and the
same source as those heretofore sold by us, which have given such perfect satisfaction.

The assortment embraces the finest

Donble and Single Hyacinths ;

Early Single, Double, and Late Tulips;

Polyanthus Kardssus ;

Double and Single Narcissus ;

Jonquils;

Crocus, New Varieties;

Crown Imperials ;

Iris, English and Spanish ;

Snowdrops; Hardy Gladiolus; Scillas;

Japui, and other lilies, ftc. ftc.

All the varieties of which were selected by us, and can be relied upon as ^ing of the
'beat description and quality.
Also a -fine assortment of

GREENHOUSE BULBS,

coMPEisine

CYC1.AMENS, 1XIAS, OXALIS, SPARAXIS,
TRITONIA, TRITELEA, &c. &c.

Our Descriptive Catalogue, containing full directions for the Cultivation of Bulbt in
the open ground and in pots, mailed to all applicants on tho receipt of a three cent stamp.

HOVEY & CO.
No. 53 North Market Street, Boston.

Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture. 7

S550,000 DPE.^11, TItEES.

HOYEY & CO.

RespectiUly invite Ae attention of the public to their very extensive stock of PEAR
TR££S, both standard and dwarf, embracing^ all the popular and nen^ varieties, which
they offer at wholesale or retail at the lowest prioe& These trees are stocky, vigorous
and <^ the most healthy descriptioii.

Catalogue forwarded to aUapplicants* Prices for trees in quantity will be prouvtiy
furnished on application.

Addrese HOVEY & CO.,

53 North BFarkkt Street, Boston.

Grape Vines for Vineries.

HOVZST & CO.

Offer for sale one of the largest and most cemplete coUeetionB <^ FoceifB GxapcV'
in the country, embracing every popular variety of. merit, all raised from eyes ftwn
our own bearing vines, and true to name, as followet —

^ack Hamburgh) Canadian Chief,

Black Hamburgh, Wilmot's No. 16^ Muscat de SarbeHe,

Black Hamburgh, Wilmqt's, Muscat Madeira,

Victoria, Muscat St Laurent,.

MiD Hill Hamburgh, Purple Sweet Water,

White Frontignan, Champion Hamburgh,

Grizzly Frontignan, Muscat of Alexandria,

Black Frontignan, Tottenham Park Muscat^

Chasselas of Fontainebleau, Macready!s Early White,

Black Prince, Zinfindal,

Lombardy, White Nice,

West's St Peters, Reigne de Nice,

Gros Bleu, Syrian^

Barbarossa, White Tokay,

Muscat Blanc Hatif, Golden Hamburgh,

Bowker, Pope Hamburgh,

Trentham Black, Austrian Muscat

Muscat Hamburgh, Prolific Sweetwater,

Bowvod Muscat, Caillaba,

Royal Muscadine, Richmond Villa,

ChaptaL Trebbiana,

Lady Dewnes. Marchioness of Hastings,

Moranet, Canon Hall Muscat
Decandolle,

' strong vines, one and two years old, in pets,, ready foe immedEuie pUstinf i
Prkas on apfOicatioo. 53 N6ftTH MAmnr Staxbt.

8 Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of HorticuUure.

Handsome Ornamental Shrubs.

HOVEY & CO.

Offer for sale a fine stock of the following beantifa] Sbrubs and Plants :

Dentzia crenata flore pleno, (Double.)

A doable variety of the Deutzia, perfectly harder, growing 3 to 4 feet high, prodocing
long racemes of doable white flowers delicately tinted with rose. It is one of the most
beaatifbl and valoable shrubs recently introdnced. 50 cts. to $1.00 each.

Daphne cneoram,

An old bat very little known plant, perfectly hardy, evergreen, growing about a foot
high, and forming a dense, pretty bush, covered with clusters of bright rose flowers of a
most delightful odor, and olooming from spring till autumn. It forms one of the finest
shrubs for the garden. ( I to $2 each.

Japan Variegated Honeysnekle,

LomCBSA AURBO RETICULATA.

Introduced from Japan by Mr. Fortune, and has proved quite hardy in our climata. It
is a slender twining plant, with roundish oval leaves of a clear green, distinctly veined
with light yellow, giving it a highly attractive and novel appearance. Flowers yellowish
white, and delicionsly fragrant 50 cts. to $1 each.

Thujopsis dolabrata,

One of the most beautifhl of Japanese coniferous trees, which has proved enthrely
hardy in our climate. It grows rapidly and forms a large tree, with a very deep green
foliage, and elegant habit Young treeis, fS each.

Thujopsis dolabrata variegata.

A most remarkable varie^ted variety of the T. dolabrata, with the same elegant fol-
iage distinctly variegated with silver, very ornamental. It is equally as hardy as the
parent #3 each.

Capressos Lawsoniana.

A splendid coniferous tree, perfectly hardy, with a beautiful habit, and slightly droop*
ing branches. Young trees, $1 to $3 each.

lONA AND I8BAELLA GRAPES. -
HOVEY & CO.

63 North Mabket Street, Boston,

Oflfer for sale a larffe stock of these two new varieties, which have been |m>nounced,
by all who have tested them, superior grapes, and worthy of general introduction. They
are described as follows :—

loNA. Bunch and berries large, of a delicate pink or wine color, and possessing a rich,
brisk, and vinous flavor: vines healthy and hardy, ripening just afler the Delaware, ana
very productive.

IsEABLLA. Bunch six inches long, with a shoulder; berries large|, black : every way a
most excellent grape, ripening as early as the Hartford Prolific, and far surpassing it in
quali^.

Prices on application.

ALSO,

Crevelling, Hartford Prolifio, Rogers* Not. 4 and 15, Winchester, Union ViQaga,
Diana, Rebecca, and other grapiis.

A/4; "M.iz. ■k.y&cf

OUR CULINARY VEGETABLES.

In no department of gardening has there been less real
progress than in tlie culture of our vegetables. Not that
there has been no improvement, but not at all in proportion
to the improvement in the growth of fruits, plants, or flowers.
There is certainly a rather better quality offered in our mar-
kets, through the intelligence and industry of some of our
skilful and foreseeing market gardeners ; but with amateurs,
and the people generally, this has been less prominent, and in
fact, except within the range of large cities, and where emu-
lation has been created by the exhibitions of horticultural
and agricultural societies, and the offer of liberal premiums,
twenty years have shown but slight advance. Individuals
who cultivate their small or large vegetable garden, as well
as practical men, seem to ignore the idea of impi*ovement in
vegetable culture.

Nor does this neglect lie at our own doors. In Great
Britain the same complaint is made, and the attention of the
prominent gardening journals has been directed to the sub-
ject, with the hope of arousing cultivators to the importance
of good vegetable growing. The Gardeners' Chronicle of last
year took up the subject, and in an article which struck us
as peculiarly applicable to our country, urged practical men
to devote more time to vegetable culture, believing it to be
the foundation of all good gardening, and without a good
knowledge of which tliey must fail to attain the high standard
of their profession. We made ^^ a note on't" at the time,
and are glad now to have an opportunity to present a portion
of it to our readers.

There has been no lack of energy or enthusiasm on the
part of our prominent and responsible seedsmen, to introduce
all the new vegetables from abroad, or to bring out any that
may have been produced at home ; but for the want of some
system, and the lack of that class of seed-growers who are so
numerous in England, and who take especial pains to give

VOL. XXXI.— NO. vin, 15

226 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

the newer sorts a trial, — not always, to be sure, wholly im-
partial, — for a long time we could only find them in Cata-
logues, or through the pages of our Magazine, and of course
generally with but little knowledge of their real merits.
This was tlie case a few years ago, but, thanks to the exertions
and continued labors of one who knew the needs of the
seedman and seedgrower, as well as all lovers of good Tegeta-
bles, such a want does not now exist, and we have only to
consult the work, which has been the result of long and care-
ful observation, to learn everything that can be well known
in regard to all the vegetables at present considered of much
value.

The second edition of Mr. Burr's volume,* delightfully got
up, in clear type, beautiful paper, elegant engravings, and
rich binding, is now before us, and it is truly refreshing to
bit down to something original, and at the same time interest-
ing and really valuable ; for the mass of American works of
tliis class are mere compilations from various English and
French authors, without one word of acknowledgment, and
that too when page after page, and engravings entire, are
palmed off as the production and taste of the authors. Not
so is Mr. Burr's book ; nearly every variety enumerated hab
been under trial by the 'author or his friends, who have
assisted him, and to whom he gratefully offers his acknowl-
edgment. Tlie engravings are from original drawings, from
specimens furnished by Mr. Burr, and are not only the
most truthful representations of the kind, but are executed
with a fidelity and finish most remarkable. The illustrations
are from the pencil of Mr. Spurge, who is not excelled in
this department of art. After two years, and the exhaustion
of the first edition, Mr. Burr brings forward his volume in a
much more complete and perfect form.

When we talk of eleven hundred " species and varieties,"
the number seems fabulous, compared with the scanty supply
usually found in our markets. But, as Mr. Burr truly

* Tho Field and Garden Vegetables of America/ containing fall descriptions
of nearly eleven hundred Species and Varieties, with Directions for Propaga-
tion, Caltare, and Use, illustrated. Bj Fearing Burr, Jr. Pp. 667. Boston,
1865.

AUGUST. 227

remarks in bis preface, " though some vegetables have proved
of little value, either for the table or for agricultural purposes,
still it is believed such descriptions will be found by no means
uniniportant ; as a timely knowledge of that which is inferior
or absolutely worthless, is often as advantageous as a knowl-
edge of that which is of positive superiority." ,

And now to return to the subject we have already referred
to — the neglect of superior culture, both at home and abroad.
We quote from the remarks of our Englisli contemporary,
which are applicable in just the same degree here : —

A northern contemporary has recently, not without reason
perhaps, directed attention to the comparative neglect op
THE VEGETABLE DEPARTMENT, both by the Correspondents of
the gardening periodicals, and by the rising generation of
gardeners. Vines and peaches, orchard-houses and bedding
plants, florists' flowers and exhibition plants, it is said, come
in for their share and more than their share of discussion,
but neither writers nor young gardeners appear to give the
thought and attention it deserves to plain kitchen gardening,
notwithstanding that it is the very foundation of the garden-
er's success in the battle of life.

That this is true to a certain extent there can be no doubt ;
and perhaps, so far as the horticultural press is concerned,
for the very realson which the writer of the remarks we refer
to has suggested, namely, that what are — rightly or wrongly —
termed the highest branches of the profession are the safest
and most pleasant to roost upon. There may indeed be
more of novelty in those matters which readers and writers
appear alike to prefer, but at least we may assert that the
hobbies which are thus in some cases so hardly ridden, are not
of more importance to the gardening profession than is a
thorough knowledge of the management of a kitchen garden,
which, as is truly remarked by the writer referred to, " takes
in a far wider range of society than any other department."
"Most gardeners," he adds, "find the kitchen- the most tick-
lish latitude, from which demands fall upon them with the
most exacting promptitude ; and he who can satisfy those
artistes who prowl in white linen about the hottest regions of

228 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

the hall, has reason to congratulate himself on being up to
the mark in a department through which as much annoyance
is likely to arise, as in any other with which he has to do.'*
This, we think, no one will question.

It may not be urged as a reason for this apparent neglect
of the vegetable department, that, taking a view of gardens in
general, this department is uniformly managed with complete
success. In how many of the thousands of gardens scattered
through the land, would really good crops and good succes-
sions of crops of esculents be found, if a simultaneous exam-
ination could be made at any time between Candlemas and
Christmas ? A sprinkling of our best practical gardeners would
of course be found up to the mark in this particular, amongst
them doubtless some of whom fame knows but little ; but in
too many cases it would be seen that the crop ef one kind of
vegetable was out of all proportion to the rest, either through
deficiency or superabundance, while the very important —
indeed the most important — question of succession was either
ignored or misunderstood. There are of course diflSculties
to be encountered in respect to seasons and weather, uncon-
genial soils, and limited means, all which may be beyond a
gardener's control ; but the aim should be (and this we hold
to be the very perfection of kitchen gardening), to have an
abundant supply to meet every reasonable demand, this sup-
ply being so regulated that there shall be no glut at one period
and scarcity at another, but that every crop shall tell in the
total as it comes to maturity, and yield its quota towards an
uninterrupted succession — young, fresh, and crisp — of such
vegetables as are preferred in each particular establishment.

It is moreover, by no means to be assumed that the ultima
thide of kitchen garden cropping has yet been reached.
Though the cultivation 6f all or most of our esculeiits, sev-
erally, in the hands of individual gardeners may have been,
(we do not assert that it has been), carried very nearly to the
highest degree of perfection, yet it is to be remembered that
this is a very different thing from perfection of culture hav-
ing been reached with the generality of vegetable crops, by
all or even the majority of gardeners. There are yet re-
maining many dark recesses in our kitchen gardens — ^here in

AUGUST. 229

one position, there in another — which each require that a
bright ray of light should penetrate their obscurity, so as to
bring out in strong relief some real defect of treatment that
is lurking there. We recommend the subject of enlighten-
ment on obscure points of practice, to the notice of skilful
gardeners of a thoughtftil turn of mind, as one which if well
worked up would earn ibr them an honorable eminence in
the ranks of their profession.

We should perhaps have been less ready to open this sub-
ject in our columns, were it not that we heartily concur in
what our Scottish friend writes in reference to its bearing on
the interests of the rising generation op gardeners. This is
the class of men to which we must look in the coming time,
to maintain the proud position which British horticulture has
attained. And in this connection we cannot refrain from an
expression of regret tliat our great English Horticultural
Society should have deliberately chosen the path of fashion
leather than of fame. Surely there is no way in which it
could better carry out the important charge committed to its
care — namely, the fostering and encouragement of horticult-
ure, in this our happy and fruitful isle, than by an earnest
solicitude for the instruction of young gardeners, and by
doing its part towards training and disseminating through the
land such young men, well-informed in all the branches of
horticulture, so that they might act as leaven on the general
practice of gardening: permeating and elevating the whole
mass. And if this be so, it follows that to utterly neglect if
not to repudiate such a duty, and to confine its eflForts and its
aspirations almost entirely to catering for the world of fash-
ion, putting horticulture as much as possible in the back
ground, is, to say the least, a dereliction of trust on the part
of a body established for no other purpose than that of ad-
vancing horticulture. That the subject of the preparation of
young gardeners requires attention is patent to the experi-
ence of all who care to observe. The writer to whom we
have already referred remarks from personal knowledge : —
" I do not know whether my experience corresponds with
that of other gardeners who have passed a good many young
men through their hands, but I find the majority quite as

230 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

deficient, or even more so, in this department than in any
other. There are plenty of worthy young men who, were
they called upon to grow a few genera of plants in pots, or to
get up a good many thousand bedding plants, would io so
with credit to themselves. But call upon them to subdivide
a few acres of kitchen garden into allotments for the propor-
tions of the different vegetables, and crop them with a proper
selection of vegetables, and in a manner and at times which
would ensure a proper supply for the season, and they would
find themselves in a fix. There cannot be a more gross mis-
take on the part of young men, who, as soon as their two
or three years of what is called an apprenticeship are over, «
indulge a ceaseless hankering to get into houses where forc-
ing and planf-growing are carried on, before they have made
themselves conversant with the details of a well-managed
'kitchen garden."

The evil at which we have just been glancing is somewhat
characteristic of the age, and hence there is all the more
need of its being honestly pointed out to those whom it most
concerns. Young men are for getting on as they think, with-
out duly remembering the old proverb, " the more haste the
least speed." They either have too much pride to begin fairly
at the beginning, or having begun there, they have too much
impatience to wait long enough to enable them to practise
thoroughly and exhaustively the elementary parts of their
training; and in this eagerness to advance (which in itself
would be laudable enough and only becomes otlierwise when
unduly indulged), they forget or are not suflBciently im-
pressed by two things, which they get to know afterwards,
sometimes even by bitter experience — first, that there is no'
success before them as general gardeners without a thorougli
knowledge of kitchen-garden practice as a basis, and secondly,
tliat such knowledge is the most certain, as it is also the most
accessible stepping-stone in the attainment of the information
they need to enable them to undertake the management of
other departments. Too many of them are afraid of rough
work, and chafe at their necessary probation as journeymen,
or they take to amusements and eschew study, yet at the very
first opportunity they hasten to set up on their own account,

AUGUST. 231

it may be in some single-handed, or other inferior place,
where in the case of the average of men comparatively little
is to be learned by experience, a few only of the brigliter
intellects being capable from such stand-points of moving for-
wards. What wonder, therefore, that so few comparatively
of the thousands of young men who turn to the pursuit of
gardening, really distinguish themselves in after life i

This in a great degree refers to gardeners, and the necessity
of a better knowledge of vegetable growing — and is only too
true. The question with us is, are not oui* amateurs quite
as much to blame as the poor gardeners, who often have so
much thrown upon them Iiere that without more help they
could not give attention to the kitchen garden, if inclined to
do so. Do the mass of cultivators, not gardeners, in the
meaning of the world, but those who possess a quarter or half
or whole acre, and make cultivation a pastime, consider at all
the necessity of thought in the supply and culture of superior
vegetables ? Are they familiar with the best varieties, and
the superiority of some kinds over others ? We fear not, and
the evil exists because the idea exists that anybody can
cultivate a vegetable garden. Until this idea is reversed
improvement must be necessarily slow. "How is it," we
often hear asked, " that they raise such fine celery as we see
in the market?" or, "how can I get radishes, long, clean, and
free from worms?" If there was no skill in these things,
these questions would not be asked, for all would have an
abundance of the best. But there is a real difference in
vegetables, apparent to the most ignorant, and hence there
must be skill somewhere. We may therefore consider that
question at rest, — that to grow superior vegetables, supply
them in abundance, in succession, in season and out of season,
and at the least outlay of labor and manure, is in reality an
accomplishment not easy, and one requiring forethought,
industry, energy, and practical skill. •

Believing it will be admitted we are greatly deficient in
the cultivation of vegetables, we return to Mr. Burr's work,
which is devoted more to a description of varieties than
their culture, we may once more repeat that the best are

232 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

yet too little known. A brief examination of the Tolume
will reveal a list of varieties which possess superior qualities,
but which are scarcely cultivated. It is true, as the author
states, that all that are described are not valuable ; but
there are many mu^i more so than is generally admitted.
Occasionally a new sort wins its way into popular favor, yet
far too many remain almost unknown. Every new pear lias
a fair trial, and why should not the new vegetables receive
some attention; this arises, as we have shown, from -the
neglect of this important department of gardening.

The Massachusetts Horticultural Society, by the offer of
liberal premiums, has done a great good in inducing culti-
vators to exhibit the best ; and those who have been blind-
ed by old notions, and cling to every old thing without
a trial of the new, have been distanced by those who beUeve
in progress, have had the sagacity to try all, and the good
judgment to reject the worthless, and cultivate only the
valuable. It is by such aid that improvement is made prom-
inent, our markets supplied with vegetables of better quality,
and the whole community benefited. Let the motto of such
men be onward.

POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP.

Strawberry Snpw in New York. — ^The Show of Strawber-
ries at the Agriculturist oflBce in New York, for premium,
was held on the 8th and 15th of June. The fruit was shown
in larger quantity and better quality on the 8tli, but the
exhibition on the 15th included varieties not shown the
previous week.

Quite a large number of kinds were exhibited. Mr. Thos.
Cavanaugh of Brooklyn, N. Y., showed 41 sorts, and P. Brill
of Newark, N. J., 17 varieties, Mr. S. Boyden exhibited a
jiew seedling. W. A. Burgess of Glen Cove the Gten. Grant.
Seedlings were also shown by Geo. Perry and Son, George-
town, Conn. ; William Teft, Fordham, N. Y. ; and H. W.
Tebbets, White Plain, N. Y. W. H. Romeyn, Kingston,
N. Y., exhibited eight seedlings. There were, in all, twenty-

AUGUOT. 288

two exhibitors. The principd prizes were awarded as fol-
lows : —

For the best strawberry, new or old, to S. Boyden, for the
Agriculturist, $5.

Best 12 varieties, to P. Brill, Newark, N. Y., $5.

Largest and best collection, to Thos. Cavanaugh, $5.

Best market variety, 2 quarts of the Agriculturist, to 0.
Judd, Flushing, $3.

Heaviest three berries, of any one variety, to S. Boyden,
for the Agriculturist, (weighing 24 ounces,) $2.

Best new seedling, to S. Boyden, ^5.

Other prizes were awarded for the second best, and for
various varieties.

Undoubtedly the exhibition was very fine, but we are
much surprised at the weight of the Agriculturist; three
berries weighing only 2} ounces. A few years ago we ex-
hibited eighteen Admiral Dundas strawberries, which weighed
just ONE POUND ; and Mr. Pell of New York produced berries of
the Hovey, weighing two ounces each. La Constante weighs
more than the Agriculturist. We had the impression that
the latter, when well grown, would weigh two ounces each,
as it has been called the largest strawberry in the United
States.

Russell's Peoufic, — We have seen it somewhere stated
that this strawberry was the same as the old McAvoy's Supe-
rior. Whether this is so or not we cannot say, as it is so
long since we cultivated the latter we have forgotten its exact
character. This and the Russell are precisely alike in fruit,
and if Mr. Elliot says the BuflFalo is identical with McAvoy, —
and he ought to know — it will be another of the same getting
up as the Bartlett, so highly praised by the same cultivators
who discarded Boston Pine, and yet they are one and the
same! When will the Philadelphia pomologists decide
whether the Union or Mammoth are the same as TroUope's
Victoria ? Cultivators would like to know.

Splendid Grapes. — We have, of late, kept our grape grow-
ers informed of the progress of the culture of this fruit in
Great Britain, and given some account of the splendid speci-
mens exhibited from time to time at the London Exhibitions.

234 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBB.

Wo now have to record another great achieTement by itr.
Meredith, who appears to bo the king of grape growers, in
the production of a bunch of Black Hamburg, weighing nine
POUNDS, EIGHT OUNCES. We copy from the notice of the
Exhibition : —

Grapes ; the glory of these was a bunch of Blach Hamburg,
shown by Mr. Meredith of Garston, near Liverpool, weighing
no less than 9 lb. 8 oz. It was shown stalk downwards, and
had six shoulders, each equal to an ordinary bunch, the
whole forming quite a pyramid of jet black berries, covered
with a beautiful bloom. To Mr. Meredith, therefore, belongs
the credit of having shown the heaviest bunch of Black
Hamburg grapes yet recorded, and the judges marked their
sense of his marvellous success by awarding him the highest
medal at their command. The same exhibitor had the best
Trentham Black ever yet seen, and wonderfully fine Buck-
land Sweetwater, but the last did not appear to be quite ripe.
Mr. Hill, gardener to R. Sneyd, Esq., had splendid bunches
of Black Prince, Black Hamburg, and Meredith's variety of
Black Alicante. From Mr. Osborne of Pinchley came Black
Hamburg, Buckland Sweetwater, and Snow's Muscat Ham-
burg, the last large and finely colored. Mr. AUport of
Doddington, Cheshire, contributed very fine Black Prontig-
nans and Ingram's Prolific Muscat, the latter bearing a
striking resemblance, both in size, berry and color, to the
former. Muscats were still green, the ripest of them were
only just beginning to change color ; but of Buckland Sweet-
water we noticed several bunches with that bright rich 'golden
tinge which it is highly desirable to find in Muscats ; but
which, on this occasion, was wholly wanting. Messrs. Lane,
who of late years have exhibited excellent grapes, had fine
samples of Chavoush, a new and promising white variety.
Mr. Pottle, gardener to B. D. Colsia, had extremely well
grown specimens of Black Prince, three bunches of which
weighed 9 lb. 6 oz.; they were not, however, quite in perfec-
tion as regards ripeness. Three very fine bunches of this
grape were also shown by Mr. Hill.

Fine Gbapes. — As an index of the increasing interest in
the production of superior grapes, we may record the exhibi-

AUGUST. 235

tion of this fruit by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society,
on tlie 14th of June. Mr. C. S. Holbrook had very fine
bunches of €k)lden Hamburg, Black Prince, Black Hamburg,
Wilmot's Hamburg, and others. H. H. Hunnewell had extra
fine Muscat Hamburg, Golden Hamburg, Black Hamburg,
and others, and Mrs. Durfee very superb Cannon Hall, and
fine Black Prince, and other sorts. These specimens were
very much superior to those exhibited the previous year, at
the same season.

THE ALLAMANDAS.

Pew greenhouse or stove-plants excel, in showy and effective
aspect, the AUamandas. Vigorous in habit, free growers, and
abundant and continued bloomers, they are always to be relied
ifpon for show or exhibition purposes, and one or more of the
different species always make up the dozen or twenty plants
which carry off* the main prize at the great London Exhibitions.
Nor are they alone beautiful and valuable as exhibition objects.
As ornaments of the greenhouse and conservatory few excel
them in their profusion of bloom, and the long period they
continue to display their large clusters of showy yellow trumpet
shaped flowers.

But with all their attractions they are not often seen in our
collections of plants, or, if they are, they are such ordinary
specimens as to attract no particular attention, or give but a
faint idea of the- real merit of these plants. Cramped in small
pots, kept in a cool part of the house, and watered abundant-
ly, when they should be kept dry, they frequently die or damp
off*, and are pronounced too difficult of cultivation, or adapted
only to the hothouse. Usually they are considered stove or
hothouse plants, but in our sunny climate, where the green-
house is equal to an English stove, a greater portion of the
year, they grow freely, and, rightly managed, flower in great
perfection, though this is enhanced where a higher tempera-
ture can be given earlier in the season. One species, the
A. Schottii, will not certainly do for ordinary purposes, but the

2S6

THE MAGAZINE OF HORXICULTUBE.

A. neriifolia may be grown in any ordinary greenhouse, where
we have plants at the present moment, without much care,
covered with blossoms. A. Schottii is the finest of the fSeonily,
and trained up the columns or rafters of the hothouse, is one
of the most magnificent objects. Its golden blossoms, tiuee
or more inches in diameter, displayed in large clusters, find
few equals in any collection.

ILLAMAKDl KERIIFOLIl.

As we have said, the ill treatment of the plants has caused
their neglect ; and we only wish all lovers of plants to see a
good specimen to know their worth ; to obtain them is easy
enough, if the due attention is giVen to their culture at the
proper season ; the plants grow freely from cuttings, and with
proper care and high culture large specimens may be speedily
reared. A. neriifolia (pig. 10) will give some idea of the
flowers, which are bright yellow, trumpet shaped, two inches
long, and about two in diameter ; these appear in clusters of
six or eight, at the ends of tlie young growth. A. Schottii

AUGUST. 287

and grandiflora are larger. The following article from the
Grardeners' Chronicle, by one who has been a successful
grower, will show to what perfection the AUamandas may be
grown ; a plant with 600 blooms would surely be as e£fectiye
an object as could be exhibited. In fact our plant growers
cannot well make a grand display without such things as the
Allamanda, the Stephanotus and similar plants, and our
spring exhibitions must be meagre until these receive more
attention from our amateurs and enthusiastic plant growers.
With increasing demands to fill our hew Horticultural Hall
with grand specimens of grand objects, these must not be
overlooked. Preparation now will give good specimens for
another year : —

Having been very successful in the pot culture of Alla-
mandas, I beg to offer a few remarks on that subject. lu
this family are some beautiful species, which, when well
grown, are very effective, especially for purposes of exhibi-
tions — Schottii, grandiflora, and Aubletii I consider to be the
best. When sent out, violacea was expected to prove an ac-
quisition, but, unfortunately it has turned out comparatively
worthless. It is like the Scotchman's horse, bad to catch,
and when caught of no value. Let us therefore return to
Schottii. Like the rest of the family this species requires
high cultivation; that is, it should be grown quickly until
it shows flower; then it should be encouraged to ripen its
wood perfectly, after which it must be well rested and prop-
erly pruned.

AUamandas are all easily propagated by means of cuttings,
which strike readily in a brisk bottom heat. Let us, how-
ever, suppose that the cultivator has a nice established plant,
say in February, with three or four shoots on it. In that
case I would start it immediately by plunging it in a brisk
bottom heat in a plant stove or hot-bed, and as soon as growth
had fairly commenced, I would prune each shoot back to the
last two joints. When fairly broken, I would give a liberal
shift, using the following compost for the purpose, viz., .two
parts rotten turf from a good pasture, and one part rough
peat .well broken and mixed with the turf, the fine mould be-

288 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

ing sifted out of it. I would then add silver sand, and see that
the drainage was perfect. I would now re-plunge into a brisk
bottom heat where the atmosphere was moist, and there Was
a considerable amount of light. Thus placed, the plants
would make rapid progress, and would soon require stopping,
which may be done when the young shoots are two feet long,
shortening the strongest to two or three joints, and the weak-
ly ones to one or the lowest joint. Suppose the young plant
had four shoots on it when first pruned, it ought to have
broken from two to four eyes on each shoot; there would
therefore be at least twelve shoots to stop back. And. the
roots being in active progress, each of these would push from
four to six eyes, when the plant would require another liber-
al shift, and bs before, should be re-plunged in a bris^ bottom
heat syringing overhead every evening, and watering fre-
quently with liquid manure in a clear state — weak and often
being the rule. The plant should now be kept as near the
glass as may be convenient, and it will require stopping again
for the last time. The exact period to perform this operation
will depend on the time at which the plant is wanted to be in
full flower. In ordinary seasons Schottii requires twelve
weeks from the last stopping until it is in full blossom t
Aubletii and cathartica take about ten weeks, and the treat-
ment just recorded is applicable to these also. At this
last stopping each shoot ought to produce from four to six
or more laterals, the whole thus amounting to 800 young
flowering shoots.

During the latter period of their growth, and while in
flower AUamandas will require a very liberal supply of water,
which should be for the most part weak liquid manure.
When flowering is over, water should be gradually withheld
to a certain extent, in order to aid the ripening of the wood,
previous to wintering the plants in a lower temperature and
a drier atmosphere. Early in the following February the
plants may be pruned and started in bottom-heat as in the
previous season. Prune back to from four to six joints from
the commencement of last year's growtii and as soon as the
plants have fairly broken they should be turned out of their
pots, the balls reduced, and repotted into a smaller sized pot

AUGUST. . 289

than that which they had previously occupied, and be treated
as recommended for last season, This will be the third sea-
soh, after which the plants may be destroyed.

At Darlington Flower Show, last year, I exhibited Aubletii,
three years old, with upwards of 500 flowers open on it at
one time; Schottii, with upwards of 800; and grandiflora,
18 montlis old, with upwards of 200 blooms. The last-
named species requires to be treated somewhat differently
from tl^ others. The compost for it should consist of two
parts rough turfy peat, of a fibrous nature, and one part turfy
loam, with the fine material sifted out of it, together with
silver sand and charcoal, to keep all open and porous. This
plant being of a more delicate habit than any of tlie others,
is also very likely to be infected with thrips, which immedi-
ately stops its growth. It therefore requires watching in
order to be ready to fumigate it when necessary. Owing to
its slender habit it will likewise not be prudent to stop it
more than twice during the season, watering copiously witli
weak liquid manure, and mulching with sheep or deer dung,
and using the precaution of fumigating with tobacco previous
to the plant coming into flower. Grandiflora requires, more-
over, to be pruned harder in than the three former varieties ;
it also requires longer to make a specimen plant, but as it is
one of the best of the genus, it is well wortliy of every
attention.

HARDY ORNAMENTAL PLANTS.— No. 1.

FROM THE GARDENSBS' CHRONICLE.

It is, I believe, generally admitted that some modification
of the monotony of our flower gardens by the introduction
to them of a few graceful plants, is, to say the least, desira-
ble ; and that it is worth our while to introduce a little more
verdure and beauty of form, and thereby heighten the charms
of the flowering plants which must always be the important
feature of a flower garden. One or two of your correspond-
ents have discussed this important question incidentally, and

240 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

it must be said obscurely. They beg the question by drawing
comparisons between the " old mixed border and the parterre,"
and of course award the palm to the latter.

Now, as the worst bedding arrangement conceivable is bet-
ter than the old mixed border, as generally managed, and as
nobody has for some years at all events, advocated the claims
of the old mixed border against those of the popular system,
this mode of reasoning on the subject is very like building up
a house of cardboard for the satisfaction of quickly ](nocking
it down again.

The question, if fairly put, is a very simple one : Is it, or
is it not desirable to add more beauty of Jform to our flower
gardens by introducing to them a few good plants of elegant
habit, flowering or otherwise, so as to allow of a little more
freedom and beauty of leaf to "set off'" our brilliant pelargo-
niums, calceolarias, &c., with greenness and grace — either
intimately associated with them in the beds, or otherwise? I
believe the general answer to this would be " yes, if it can be
done well." Then who shall say we have not the plants to
do it well ?

Mr. Gibson has clearly shown at Batter^a what are the ca-
pabilities of our house plants in this direction. When discuss-
ing his arrangement last summer, I said that many hardy
plants might be used with the best effect, and that in fact it
would be possible to haye some very charming effects without
the expense or trouble of wintering and protecting. Some of
the "sub-tropical" plants, such as Aralia papyrifera and the
castor oil, it should be borne in mind, are to be raised in
quantity almost as easily as bedding plants themselves.

The suitable hardy plants are of various types of character.
I shall begin with a few of fern-like leaf and aspect.

If Adiantum cuneatum could be grown in "the open" as
freely as Stachys lanata, what a beautiful help it would be to
the flower gardener ! We could scarcely call him clever or
ingenious who failed to use it with taste and effect. It is
not given to me to propound a nostrum for so growing this
beautiful and popular fern, but we have a plant which bears
it as strong a resemblance as it is posable for any not a fern
'to do (indeed I am not sure that there is another fern so

AUGUST. 241

like it at first sight), a plant moreover which is as hardy as a
paving stone, and will bear any amount of wind, sun, or
exposure — ^Thalietrum minus. It forms compact, roundish
bushes, from a foot to eighteen inches high, very symmetri-
cal, and of a slightly glaucous hue. It is a British plant and
may be grown in any soil. It requires one little attention —
to pinch oflF the slender flower stems that appear in May and
June, and that is all. Not alone in its aspect as a little bushy
tuft does it resemble the '* Maidenhair fern,'' as A. cunea-
tum is often called ; but the leaves are almost pretty enough
to be passed off on the uninitiated, when mingled with flow-
ers, for those of the fern ; they are stiffer and more lasting,
and well suited for mingling with vases of flowers, &c.
There are probably several " forms" or vars. of tliis plant,
some of them, it may be, not answering this description, but
I have the plants from which it was taken, and they may be
propagated to any extent. Within the past few days they
have been shown to Mr. Williams, of HoUoway, and otlier
good plantsmen, who fully agree with me as to the merits of
T. minus.

Quite distinct in habit, and far more beautiful in leaf, isTan-
acetum cBispum, with gracefully bent leaves, cut as fine and
looking as beautiful as those of Todea superba ; and green as
an emerald. It is as free growing and hardy a subject as any in
our gardens ; it does best fully exposed, and probably the only
way in which it can be benefited aftier planting — ^in deep and
rather moist soil it is best, but will grow " anywhere " — is by
thinning out the shoots in spring, so that each remaining one
shall have free room to suspend its exquisite leaves ; thinned
thus, it looks much better than when the stems are crowded,
and of course, if it is done in time, they attain more individ-
ual strength and dignity.

Artemisia annua is a plant which hat lately come out with
a high character from the seedsmen for its gracefulness, and
it is sm elegant plant as far as I can judge, but quite inferior
for dtstanetion or beauty to either of the foregoing, which
have the additional advantage of being perennial.

Mourn athamanticum is one of the most elegant and grace-
fully out plants in an order second to none other for tliese

TOL. XXXI. — ^NO. Tin. 16

242 THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTURE.

qualities. The leaves are divided so jSnely as to appear as if
they were made of vegetable hair, and the plant is dwarf and
neat in habit, from 6 to 12 inches or thereabouts ; easy of
growth in ordinary soils, and perfectly hardy and perennial.
It is probable that in dry seasons it might " go oflF" too soon
for association with autumnal flowering plants, but for rock-
work or mixed arrangements of any sort it is invaluable as a
front line, or edge plant.

Dielytra eximia is a dwarf and neatly-habited plant, with a
dense and very graceful leafage, far more so than any other
plant of the order in cultivation, and valuable as a flowering
plant too, as the brightly colored flowers remain on for a long
time in spring and early summer. It generally grows from
12 to 16 inches high.

To go a step higher, few plants are more graceful than tho
best Ferulas — glauca, Ferulago, and tingitana ; they are very
noble objects in any position, but most suitable for such an
arrangement as that at Battersea or the margins of shnibbe-
riee, &c., for though very beautiful in summer they would
probably go ofi* much too soon for the continuous growers of
tlie flower garden. But no doubt the leaves of these and of
other umbelliferous plants might be improved apd much
retarded by pinching off all flower stems as soon as they
appedred.

FLORICULTURAL NOTICES.

New and Fine Roses. — Mr. Radcliffe, the prominent rose
grower, describes some of the new roses as follows : —

As regards these, Lord Macaulay's native color is rich,
glossy crimson ; it, however, sometimes becomes very dark.
It is a highly improved Jacqueminot, being better iA sub-
stance, fuller in the centre, and of erect habit. The growth
and foliage are good. It will stand sun well for two or three
days, showing the value of substance. Lord Clyde is exactly
like it in growth and foliage, and is also of great substance.
It is glowing scarlet and crimson, and does not alt^r its color.

AUGUST. 243

Lord Herbert is blooming here, and, though not so good for
substance, is full, well folded, and beautifully formed ; its
growth and habit are good. These are three worthy roses.
Tlie, following are also first rate, and good in every respect,
viz., Madame Victor Vcrdier, Pierre Notting, and Rushton Rad-
clyffe, of which I have six plants in full and beautiful flower.
These are fine, and well worthy of adoption, as are likewise
La Duchesse de Momy, and the two crimson purple roses,
Eugene Verdier and Baron F. de Kinkelein. The varieties
just named are, up to this time, the best of 1864 and 1865.
It will, however, take half a century to beat Chas. Lefebre,
the best rose in any family. ( Gard. Chron.')

827. BiLBERGiA oLEUs Hook. Putrid Smelling Bilbergia.

(Bromeliaceae.) Tropical America.

A Stove plant ; rrowinc two feet hish ; with scarlet bracts ; appearing in spring ; increased by
ofEwts \ grown In light rich soil, fiou Mag., 1865, pi. 55U2.

A' quite new and fine species, producing rich purple flow-
ers, and brilliantly colored floral leaves. It was received at
Kew, from the Imperial Botanic Garden of St. Petersburg,
and is supposed to be a native of tropical America. It is a
very showy species. (^Bot. Mag,^ May.)

828. Astelia Solandri A, Ounn. Dr. Solander's Astelu.

(Liliaceae.) New Zealand.

A. greenhouse plant *, growing two feet high ; with greenish white flowers ; appearing in spring ;
increttwd by division or the roots *, grown in light soil. Bot. Hag., IBiS, pi. 5503.

A densely tufted plant, with long lily like leaves, and
spikes of flowers, which appear in tufts or panicles on the stout
scape. Not very showy, but a pretty plant, which grows and
blooms freely in tlie greenhouse. (^BoL Mag., 'M.^lj.')

829. Cattleta quadricolor Irtwrf/. Four-colored Cattleya.

(OrchidesB.) New Grenada.

An orchideoos plant. Bot. Mag., 1865, pi. 5504.

A splendid species of the superb Cattleya family, with pure
white flowers, the lip tinged with four colors, rich and superb.
Introduced some years ago, but appears to be a distinct spe-
cies, though collectors in the same region have failed to find
it. iBot. Mag., May.)

244 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

830. MoNOCH-ffrruM Dicbantherum Naud. Dicbantherous
MoNOCHuETUM. (Melastomace88.) South America.

A greenhouae plant ; growlni one foot high ; with rose colored flowerji ; appearinf In aatnmn ;
increased by cutting • ; grown In rich lisht soil. Bot. Mag.» 186^, pL 5506.

" An excessively pretty plant, deserving a place in every
warm greenhouse. It was raised from seeds received from the
lofty Andes of South Amerite, and bloomed at Kew in Octo-
ber, 1864. It grows a foot high, has the foliage somewhat
of the Pleroma, and terminal spikes of rose colored flowers,
not unlike Heterocentron roseum. As it flowers in autumn
it would probably, in our climate, prove a good bedding-out
plant. It is a very handsome species. (^Bot. Mag.y May.)

831. ABiSiEMA WiGHTH SckoU. Db. Wight's Abisjema.

(AroideaB.) Ceylon.

A hodioose plant ; growhig a foot high ; with greenish llowen ; appeavtng in spring ; Increased
by oflbeu ; grown in pe4ly soil. Bot. Mag., 1385, pi. 5507.

One of the curious Arads, with small flowers, similar to
the Arums, of a greenish white, with the appendage to the
pistil, about six inches long, gradually tapering to an obtuse
point, and erect. An interesting, but not very showy plant.
(J5o/. Mag., May.)

832. Ctpbipe^dittm l^vigatum Bateman. Glosst-lbaved
Ladt's-Slik»eb. (OrchidesB.) Philippine Islands.

A hothouse plant ; growing one (bot high ; with yellowish striped flowers ; increased by diriaion ;
grown in moss and turfy peat. Bot. Mag., 1865, pL 5506,

This is a superb species of the Gypripedium, with tall
stems, bearing three or more c^ the. singular but beautiful
blossoms of this tribe. The flowers are of a greenish yellow,
the sepals elegantly striped, and the petals six or more inches
long, very narrow and wavy. It is nearly related to C.
Stoneii. The foliage is glossy and fine. Introduced by Mr.
J. G. Veitch. (Bo/. 3%., May.)

833« Abum Pal^stinum Boiss. Jebusalem Abum. (Aroi-
de».) Jerusalem.

A greenhooae plant; growiaf one foot high ; with bladdsh floiwars; appeaiinff in sprtag;
i ncreaaed by offsets ; grown in light rich soiL Bot. Mag., 1865, pL 6509.

A singular, though not showy plant, introduced by M.
Yeitch, from Jerusalem. It has large leaves^ and singular
black flowers. (JBot. Mag., TAslj.}

AUGUST. 245

834. Htpcestes sakguinolenta Faw Hovtte. Blood Veined

Hyp(bste8. (Acanthaceae.) Madagascar.

A. greenhouse plant ; crowUif one foot .high ; with purple flowrM and varlesated leaves ;
increased by cuttinga ; grown in light rich aoil. Bot. Mag.. 1865, pi. 5011.

A pretty addition to our variegated plants, with leaves
about three inches long, of a deep green, with all the veins
marked with pale purple bands. The flowers are small, and
of no great beauty, though serving to render it more attrac-
tive. It is stated to be a native of Madagascar. (^Bot. Mag-.j
May.)

835. PflCENicoPflORiUM Sechellarum if. Wendl. (Palma-

ce».) Isle of Sechelles4

A hothoiMe palm ; with apotied leavea ; increased by offiteu ; grown in rich ll&ht soil. Illustra-
tion Horiicole, 1835, pi. 433.

This is another magnificent palm, which comes from the
same country as the Verschaffeltia noticed in our last. A
rich country indeed has the little Isle of Sechelles proved to
M. VerschafiFelt's collector. It appears singular that after
the almost scouring of the globe for variegated plants, the
noble palm should at last be found sporting into fancy coloi*s.

The present plant is magnificent in aspect as well as rich
in coloring. The leaves are nearly entire, and measure
about four feet in diameter. They are light and dark green
in alternate bands, running obliquely from the midrib to the
edge, and these bands are more or less covered with small
round bright red spots, and as the fronds grow older, they
change to a yellowish orange, which color they retain for a
long period. The frondal stems are also thickly studded
with long stout black spines, which contrast conspicuously
with the orange colored stems from which they project at a
slight depression below a horizontal line. It is truly a
magnificent object. (iH. Hort.^ April.)

GARDEN GOSSIP.

Wellesley, the Residence op H. H. Hunnewell, Esq. —
This beautiful place is now in fine order, and Mr. Hunnewell

246 THE MAGAZINE OF MOBTICULTUBE.

must be highly gratified on his return home, to find his
absence has in no way diminished the ardor or enthusiasm of
his gardener, Mr. Harris, in maintaining the high character
of the place. The beautiful lawn is greatly improved, and
what we at one time thought almost impossible to secure — on
the light sandy soil of WoUesley — a fine green sward, Mr.
Harris has accomplished. This has been done by constant
mowing and rolling, by the aid of a one-horse lawn mower.
This was only wanting to complete the otherwise beautiful
grounds which rank Weliesley as one of the finest residences
in the neighborhood of Boston.

Since our last visit, the trees and shrubs, notwithstanding
the dry year of 1864, have made a fine growth ; the rhodo-
dendrons, particularly, have a richness of foliage much supe-
rior to any previous year. The bloom, Mr. Harris informed
us, was exceedingly fine, and the numerous seed pods con-
firmed his statement. Mr. Harris pointed out to us a fine
lot of plants sent liomo by Mr. Hunnewell last spring, com-
prising some forty or fifty varieties ; these, if hardy, will make
the collection one of tlie most varied and complete in the
country : the plants were nearly all making a good growth.
A new feature in the grounds is an avenue of standard rho-
dodendrons, planted out last spring. These were procured
by selecting the strongest growing plants, and .pruning off the
side shoots. They are now making good heads, and in a
year or two will be large compact specimens, full of bloom.
Standards are extensively planted i^ English gardens, and at
the time we were at Messrs. Waterer's, twenty years ago, they
had acres of standards, varying from six to ten feet high, and
worth from 25 to 60 guineas a plant. No more magnificent
objects could be introduced into ornamental plantations.

The conifers all look exceedingly healthy and strong, and
appear to be perfectly acclimated, even those which in some
previous winters have been injured. The light covering of
snow last winter was highly favorable, and the fact is fully
verified, that, as the plants acquire strength and firm hard
wood, they feel less and less the effects of severe cold.
Cryptomeria japonica looked as bright and fresh as the
hardiest tree. Gupressus Lawsoniana, certainly the finest

AUGUST. 247

acquisition we have had, of which there are quite a number of
specimens planted about the grounds, was making very rapid
growth ; the largest being fully eight feet high. Thujopsis
borealis, also hardy and beautiful. In a small bed Mr. Harris
showed us several pretty specimens of the rare T. dolabratu
and T. dolabrata variegata, both of which proved entirely har-
dy last year without the least protection, thus establishing its
entire hardiness ; the certainty of which should at once give
this elegant tree the first choice of the lover of coniferae.
Betinospora obtusa and pisifera, and p. aurea, all beautiful,
are also hardy. We had but little doubt these would be
quite as tough as the handsome R. ericoides, but that fact is
now established. From these experiments we doubt not
many more of the introductions of Messrs. Fortune and
Veitch will prove hardy. The numerous specimens of the
rare Picea Nordmanniana, and P. nobilis, are growing rapidly,
and now making, — under a little careful management by
Mr. Harris, — strong leaders. Mr. H. pointed out the diflfer-
ence between some grafted specimens and those raised from
seeds, of P. nobilis. The grafted ones have the rich silver
and blue tints which belong to some of the early introduced
plants, which others do not have in so marked a degree.
P. Cephalonica, pitchta, pinshpo, and otliers, have now be-
come good sized trees, and the first is one of the most desira-
ble and beautiful. It should be added to every choice collec-
tion. There are now quite a number of hardy Thujas, among
which T. macrocarpa, gigantea, a new seedling from Japan,
and T. Hoveyi, are conspicuous. Three or four very small
specimens of the parasol tree, Sciadopitys verticillata, are
growing slowly, but it appears to be quite hardy. This is con-
sidered the greatest acquisition made to English collections.
It grows 60 or 70 feet high ; and the leaves are thrown off in
whorls, and are divided like the arms of a parasol. Among
the variegated leaved deciduous trees, of which there are
several, the Negundo fraxinifolium variegatum is by far the
most distinct, constant and beautiful, with the airy habit of
the parent, and a deep edge of pure white on each delicate
green leaf. Magnolia Lenn^ is growing well among the
other specimens and one plant produced one of its large and

248 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

splendid flowers. Tlie variegated Japan honeysuckle grows
vigorously, retains its golden netted appearance, and is per-
fectly hardy, and may be planted anywhere. Stuartia penta-
gynia is among the finest shrubs. Its large white flowers are
just now in perfection.

Passing through the grounds we noticed many things which
we have not time to enumerate, but we must not omit the
new rock work, which has been extended, and now includes
an arched entrance from one of the leading walks to the
shrubbery. Tlie work was executed last winter, and of
course the planting was not done till late in the season.
Here, every open space, provided in the construction, capable
of holding a bushel or two of soil, Mr. Harris has filled,
and in the older part, where those introduced from the
house were planted with others growing a year or two, were
some grand specimens of Begonia Bex, Galocasia esculenta,
Canna gigantoa, Pteris argyrea, Caladiums, Yuccas, and other
things, with large and broad, or slender and variegated leaves,
cropping out from among the rocks, covered with vinca, ivy,
dwarf ferns, Ac, the efiect being very beautil*ul. In a year
or two this efiect will be greatly enhanced, by the introduc-
tion, in the corners of the archidg and other spaces, of ferns
and mosses.

We now entered the Italian garden, descending the long
flights of steps, and reaching the margin of the lake, where,
seated on one of the terraces we enjoyed the splendid view.
The trees were all neatly cut, in all the fancy forms, and
among them the standard Golden Yews were conspicuous.
The shearing process is no light work now that some of the
trees have attained tlie height of 15 or 20 feet. The white
pines submit to the process, and form handsome objects,
whatever the shape. Along the parapet, the golden varie-
gated agaves and yuccas, in handsome vases, reminded us of
Italian views, and the spiry yews in pots, ranged alongside of
the entrance, were no less conspicuous and attractive. Re-
turning along the' lawn to take a look at the vineries and
orchard-houses, we noticed one splendid bed near Mr. Hun-
newell's house, arranged somewhat in the ribbon style, as
follows : — Large strong plants of Tritoma through the centre'

AUGUST. 249

of the bed, Coleus Verschaffeltii on one side, and Perilla on
the other ; the two side beds^ormmg part of the whole, were
planted with Cannas in the centre, and Coleus and Amaran-
thus melancholicus on each side. The bed has a most effec-
tive appearance, and this will be increased in August and
September, when the Cannas and Tritomas will be in bloom.
A large bed, near by, filled with Tom Thumb geranium was
' one mass of glowing scarlet. The Araucarias have been put
into new boxes, and stood like sentinels, with their sparse
rugged branches, along the walk near the margin of the
lawn. Two huge variegated Agaves, with other plants, gave
a tropical aspect to the grounds.

The vineries and peach-houses never looked better ; the
early crop of grapes was partly cut, but there were specimens
enough left to show their excellence. The Muscat Hamburg,
Golden Hamburg, Trentham Black, and Bowood Muscat,
among the new grapes, were all very large bunches and largo
'berries. Black Prince, Grizzly Prontignan and Hamburg, all
fine, and the succession house lopked equally well. The
peaches and nectarines in pots were in full bearing, and the
Early York, just about ripe. Figs were loaded with fruit ;
these are grown in a deep pit, adjoining the orchard-house.

In the open ground the Diana grapes were rotting badly,
but other sorts looked well, particularly the Rebecca. A
small trellis of pears, on the cordon plan, as given in our
Magazine, was looking well. The pear trees have suflFerod,
and still continue to suflFer, from the blight, and we missed
several handsome trees, which had to be wholly removed,
after losing many of their main branches. The roses along
the entrance walk, planted two years ago, wore very vigorous,
and we noticed fine blooms of Gen. Jacqueminot and others.
The hedges were all trimmed with great neatness, and wo
must give Mr. Harris great credit for his thoroughness m
every department.

The Evergbeens, the Residence op Dr. E. G. Kelly. — In
the early part of June, in company with, the Garden Commit-
tee of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, we visited Dr.
Kelly's residence in the city of Newburyport, formerly known
as the estate of Lord Timothy Dexter, who for a time occupied

250 THB MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

the house. It is situated on one of the main avenues of the'
city, with a few hundred feet f^nt, but extending far to the
rear, and containing some ten or more acres. A portion of
this is of recent addition to the place, but it has all undergone
improvement, and is now more or less planted with fruit trees.

The house is situated very near the main street, and one
principal feature of tlie place is the skilful manner in which
the entrance has been arranged, so as to give seclusion, and
at the same time admit of easy access. Tliis has been done
by an irregular drive-way, planted on each side by low hedges
of hemlock, purple berberry and Mahonia aquifolium, with
ornamental trees just sufficient to conceal the house, without
the appearance of formality. The hemlock submits readily
to the shears, and makes a pretty hedge, but we were greatly
pleased with the specimen of the purple berberry, with its dark
rich foliage, contrasting with the deep green of the hemlock.
From this drive-way to the right of the house a covered walk
leads through spruces and evergreens, to a neat bit of lawn,*
and around this to the fruit garden, each being concealed
from the other By evergreens, principally hemlock and Nor-
way spruce, neatly clipped to keep them from occupying the
concealed space. This is a difficult work, as all know who
have had experience. But Dr. Kelly has succeeded admira-
bly in this, and has preserved the branches in most instances
entire to the ground; thus preventing that ragged aspect
which evergreens often have as they acquire age.

Here, standing in a conspicuous place, was the variegated .
hemlock, which we have already noticed in a previous volume.
Without showing that distinct stripe which some might ex-
pect, it still has a light and silvery tint, each leaf being
slightly margined with a paler tint of green. We were much
pleased with it, and consider it a decided acquisition.

The pear trees, dwarf apple trees and grape vines, all
planted out in neat quarters, hedged with hemlock, or Norway
spruce, were in fine order, and generally having good crops.
Dividing the old garden from tlie newer one, was a hedge of
the Cornus sanguinea, which, in the winter season, has a
pleasing appearance, with its dark red leafless shoots. One
new feature was the introduction of the dry pine leaves from

AUGUST. 251

the woods, with ^lich the walks were covered, thus giving a
soft and noiseless tread, and being at all tinies dry, clean and
comfortable. Tliis of course would be out of place in some
gardens, but where the surrounding growth is evergreens,
and the walks nearly covered in by their branches, they are
in keeping. The constant drip from trees always makes the
gravel walk damp and cold, but the pine leaves are always
dry and warm.

Many new shrubs and trees are interspersed through the
grounds, and the Weigelia has been introduced into a hedge
with the privet, where, clipped at the proper time, it blooms
profusely, as we saw it during our visit.

The main features of the place are the abundance of ever-
greens and their management, the great variety gathered into
so limited a space, with the preservation of individual speci-
mens, and the economy of management, the whole being \inder
the care of the Dr. during his leisure time, with the aid of
one man.

(iHt«arg^

Sir Joseph Pazton. — Id oor last we announced the death of Mr.
Paxton, and we now present the following account of his life and profes-
sion, from the Gardeners* Chronicle : —

In the death of Sir. Joseph Paxton, which occured at Rockhill, Syden-
ham, on the 8th inst., and was \)riefly noticed in our columns of last week,
the country, and the lovers of horticulture and landscape gardening more
especially, have lost one who had justly earned for himself an European
reputation. He was, indeed, the ^ Prince of Gardeners " of the present
century, and filled the high and honorable position to which he had at-
t lined with the greatest courtesy — ^being alike distinguished for his urban-
ity and ability, and for the marked success which attended all the works he
undertook to perform. We feel confident there is not an individual, high
or low, who knew his kind and generous disposition, but heaved a sigh, or
let fall a tear of sorrow, on learning that he had been removed by the hand
of death from amongst us.

It is now 42 years since the writer of these remarks had the pleasure of
making his acquaintance, and while memory retains its place, the happy
days he spent in the society of his now deceased friend can never be
efl&ced.

252 THE MAGAZINE OP HOBTICULTUBE.

As several erroneous accoants havl appeared respecting the earlr part
of Sir Joseph's professional career, we avail ourselves of the present oppor-
tunity to correct them by a brief statement of facts within our own knowl-
edge. He sprang from a good Saxon root at Milton Bryant, Bradfordshire,
where his father was a farmer, and where he was bom in the year 1801.
Having to gain his livelihood by the sweat of his brow, he selected garden- '
ing as his profession, and from the age of ^deen was for two years em-
ployed in the garden of Sir Gregory Osborne Page Turner, Bart., at Bat-
tlesdire Park, near Milton Bryant From thence he went to Woodhall
Park, near Walton, Herts, the beautiful residence of Samuel Smith, Esq.,
in whose gardens (then under the charge of Mr William Griffin— one of
the most successful fruit and pine growers of his day) he continued for
three years, and acquired during that time a thorough practical knowledge
of the most important branches of horticulture. On leaving Woodhall he
returned to Battlesden, and for two years was ^rdener there. In the au-
tumn of 1823, being then 2*2 years of age, he came to London, and found
employment in the garden of the Duke of Somerset at Wimbledon. About
this time the Horticultural Society obtained a lease of f»ome ground from
the Duke of* Devonshire, and commenced the formation of the experimental
garden at Chiswick, and the erection of the various stoves, greenhouses,
and pits that were considered to be necessary for carrying out the objects
which the Society had in view. Here an excellent field presented itself
for study and improyement to those young men who, like Pdxton had a
desire to obtain a thorough knowledge of all the requirements of their pro-
fession. Of this Paxton did not fail to take advantage, and, on the recom-
mendation of Joseph Sabine, Esq., who (up to 1830) was the Honorary
Secretary of the Horticultural Society, he was admitted on the 13th
November, 1823, for improvement in the new garden, and was promoted in
1824 to be foreman of the Arboretum. Here it was that he had the good
fortune to become known to his patron and friend, the late Duke of Devon-
shire, who took great interest in this department of the garden, and fre-
quently applied to Paxton for information respecting such trees and shrubs
as seemed new to him, or with which he was unacquainted. The trim and
neat appearance by which Paxton was invariably distinguished, combined
with his great intelligence, and that genuine manliness of deportment
which lies at the root of all good breeding, made a favorable impression
upon his Grace, who in 1826 engaged him to superintend his extensive and
princely gardens at Chatsworth.

Mr. Paxton had now ample scope afforded him for exhibiting his knowl-
edge and skill as a practical gardener, as well as his natural genius and
good taste in landscape gardening and garden architecture. Under his
masterly hand, as a contemporary truly observes, "the wild Derbyshire
ragion in which Chatsworth stands became the wonderful place which drew
visitora from far and near, and set the example of that princely develop-
ment of grounds and plaisances which now marks the country seats of our
great English families. Its fountains and Italian terraces ; its rich woods*

AUGUST. 258

laid oat and managed with such mairelloos care; its hothouses, where the
Victoria regia wos first compelled to blossom ; and the great conservatory,
which was the precursor of the Crystal Palaces in Hyde Park and at
Sydenham — all are now become ^miliar objects of admiration. But while
Chatsworth attracted the loftiest personages as visitors, its grounds were
still left freely open to dense manufacturing populations close at hand, and
Paxton used always to dwell proudly upon this trait in the character of
* my Duke,' as he called him, who was willing to share with the humblest
of his countrymen his own passion for flowers."

With the glories of Chatsworth the name of Paxton will long be honor-
ably associated. He had an innate taste for the beautiful in art and nature,
but it was one of his great merits that he knew where to stop and let
Nature have her own way. Of the truth of this remark abundant evidence
will be found in the many beautiful scenes which have been created from
his designs, or executed under his superintendence.

But it was not alone in his capacity of a gardener that Paxton gained the
favor and esteem of his munificeLt patron. He had an opportunity of dis-
playing his skill and superior abilities in regard to some financial arrange-
ments which he suggested, and which were attended with so much success,
as to induce the Duke to intrust him with the superintendence of his large
estates in Derbyshire. With a generous and noble appreciation of his
worth the Duke was never weary of sf>eaking in his praise, and hence
Paxton*s reputation was as great among the aristocracy as amongst those of
his own class, who wer« the best practical judges of his works.

In 1850, when the scheme of the first Great Ebdiibition was projected,
the name of Paxton became a household word. At that time he happened
to be erecting a house of peculiar construction, which he had designed for
the growth of that most remarkable plant the Victoria regia ; and finding
that none of the 240 designs that were sent in to the Building Committee
accorded with their views of the kind of structure required for the purposes
of the Exhibition, it occurred to him to submit a design that would obviate
all objections. The result is a matter of history. The fairy structure was
erected in Hyde Park, and was the wonder and admiration of all who had
the good fortune to witness it, and view the vast amount of valuable articles
which it contained. One of the most striking features in the Palace of
1851 was the crystal fountain, and the beautiful transept which covered
the two large elm trees that now rem^ to mark the spot It has been
reported that the circular roof of the transept was designed by Mr. Bany,
and not by Mr. Paxton, but such is not the fact. It is perfectly true that
the roof in the original design is flat ; but «t one of the meetings with the
Building Committee it was suggested by .them that the transept should
include the great trees. Mr. Paxton went direct with Mr. Fox to his
office ; and while the latter arranged the ground plan so as to bring the
trees into the centre of the building, the former was contriving how they
were to be covered. At length he hit upon the plan of covering the tran-
sept with a circolajr roof similar to that on the gr^at Qon«ex^Fatoiy at Chfits-

254 THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTURE.

worth, and made a sketch of it, which was copied that night by one of the
draughtsmen, and shown to Mr. Bnine], whom he had agreed to meet on
the ground the next day. We have been thus explicit in order that our
departed friend should not be deprived of the merit to which he is justly
entitled. For the great services he rendered to the Exhibition her majesty
was graciously pleased to confer the honor of knighthood upon him.

In the autumn of 1834, during our visit abroad, we had the pleasure of
spending two days at Chatsworth, in company with Sir Joseph, and
although we have already given our impression of this visit (Vol. XI., p.
84,) we cannot allow the present opportunity to pass without alluding to
the courtesy, kindness and cordiality with which Mr. Paxton received us,
and the many attentions he bestowed upon us during our visit We
arrived at Barslow late in the evening, stopping at the inn for the night.
Early in the morning we started for Chatsworth, and called upon Sir
Joseph. Unfortunately, he was absent, and would not return till night.
We passed the time in looking through the palace and gardens, and awaited
for the second day to see Mr. Paxton. We were not disappointed. Mr.
Paxton had already, though early, been around the grounds with some
distinguished visitors, and, as they were just leaving, he took us into his
carriage, and drove us around every part of Chatsworth, the lawn, park,
&c., and afterwards visited the great conservatory, kitchen garden,
graperies, peacheries, &c., &c., pointing out to us all the alterations and
improvements which had been made since he had been gardener at Chats-
worth. We dined at the Duke's house, and passed the evening at bis own
residence, in company with Mrs. Paxton, discussing the progress of horti-
culture, both in England and the United States. We were at once
impressed with Mr. Paxton's professional knowledge, and many of the
improvements, such as the construction of the great conservatory and
rockwork, showed his good taste, executive ability and practical skill.
He was free from the egotism which characterized many of the gardeners
we met with, and spoke in the kindest manner of the Americans he had
seen at Chatsworth. In taking leave he expressed himself highly gratified
at our meeting, and wished every success to our country alid institutions.
Our visit to Chatsworth, and the hours passed with Mr. Paxton, will ever
be remembered as the happiest of our life.

^trticultnntl operations

FOR AUeDST.

FRUIT DBPARTMBRT.

The month of July has been warm, with the exception of a few rather
cool nights in the early part; with occasional showers, and no heavy rains ;

AUGUST. 255

on the whole remarkably favorable to the growth of trees and plants.
The highest temperature has been 92^, and the lowest 45^

Grape Vines in the early houses will now bo at rest, and will need
little or no attention until next month, when preparations should be made
for pruning. Vines in graperies and greenhouses will now be ripening
their fruit, and will be making their wood for another year. As the grapes
mature abundance of air should be given during the heat of the day, and a
small quantity at night Discontinue damping the house so much as last
month, look after the laterals which will be making a growth, and should
be stopped in due season. See that the red spider and mealy bug do not
get hold of the vines. Vines in cold houses will soon begin to color ;
continue the same operations as last month, damping down the house in
dry warm weather, giving top air, and guarding against cold drafls, which
will soon bring on mildew. Stop the laterals, from time to time, as they
become crowded, or obstruct too much light and air. Hardy vines will
need to have all superfluous wood cut away, but do not expose the fruit to
the full sun.

Orchard-House Trees will now be ripening their fruit, and will
require less water.

Pear Trees should be summer pruned, taking off all laterals and second
growths to either one or two buds of the main branch. Thin out all
inferior specimens of fruit, and water liberally, if dry weather. Young
stocks should be budded now.

Strawberry Beds may be made this month. Prepare the ground at
once, if not already done, and by the 15th or 20th, as soon as the weather
is cooler, set out the plants, giving one good watering, if the ground is dry.
Spring planted beds should be kept free of weeds, and the runners all laid
in or cut oS, according to the mode of growth.

Raspberry Plantations should have all the old bearing shoots cut
away.

Apple, Plum and Quince Stocks should be budded now.

FLOWER department.

The season has been one of the most favorable for all kinds of plants.
Plenty of heat and moisture have given them unusual vigor, and they are
already as full of bloom as in ordinary seasons a month later. Now will
be the time to look after the winter stock, and .preparations should be made
to secure cuttings of bedding stock for spring work. Collect and store up
soils ready for use.

Azaleas should now be removed to a half hardy place in the open air,
where they can ripen theur wood. See that they are free from thrip and
red spider, which are not so easily killed as in the house. t>>ntinue to
water liberally, and syringe every day, until the buds are well swollen
and firm. Discontinue all pinching, except on young stock, where it is
desirable to secure short stocky plants.

Camellias should be syringed morning and night, and not too liberally

h
256 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTUBE.

watered. Repotting should be doDe this month. Grafting and inarching
may be done now.

CiiiERARiAS should now be propagated, if not already done, by potting
the young suckers. Keep in a cool frame.

Pelarooniums should be cut down at once, and the cuttings be put in.
Keep the plants ratilier dry for a few days, when they may be watered
more freely, and as soon as the shoots are well broken -the plants should be
shaken out of the old soil, and potted in smaller pots, placing them in a
frame until well established.

Caladiums and Begonias should have their last shift for the season.

Fbrhs, growing vigorously, should have larger pots.

BouvARDiAS, in pots, should have their final shift.

Verbenas should be layered into small pots, for a winter stock.

Chinese Primroses should be kept in a cool frame, and, as soon as well
established, shifted into larger pots.

Calceolaria Seeus may be planted now.

Mignonette ANn Sweet Altssum Seeds should be sown this nu>nth.

Cactuses should be more freely watered now.

Roses, in pots, should have a shift, taking off as much of the old soil as
possible, and put into clean pots.

Heliotropes should be repotted in good rich soil.

Cuttings of all kinds of bedding stock should be put in the last of the
month.

Japan Lilies, in pots, done blooming, should be sparingly watered.

Winter Blooming Plants, of all kinds, which require it, should now
be repotted and pruned.

PoiNecTTiAS may have a final shift this month.

Chrtsanthemums should be freely watered, giving liquid mantire
occasionally.

AcBiMENEs may have a final ^hift this month.

flower garden and shrubbert.

Continue to roll the lawn, taking advantage of the time immediately after
a rain. Cut once a fortnight. Clean, rake, and roll the walks.

Dahlias should be regularly tied up, and superfluous shoots cut
away.

Gladiolus should be tied up to neat stakes.

Rhododendrons and Azaleas may be transplanted the last of the
month.

Rosxa may still be layered and budded.

Herbaceous Plants, raised from seeds, ahoald be set out in well
piepared beds.

Carnations and Picotses should be layered this month.

Stake and tie up all tall growing plants.

Verbenas, now pegged down, will grow better, and fill the bed more
evenly and regularly than when allowed to run at random.

HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

Tlie under^signed having been engnged lo prepare and publish a Cataltigue of Ameri-
can Nurseryuicn, Horticultural Deal era and Agcnta and Fruit Growers, desirea to
procure^

L Of Nurg^^rytnen throughout Ihe United Stalea^tho Name, P* O*^ Gounly, fcState,
AcreH in Nursery, Sale Slock for 18G5— 6, vb.; Number of Apple, Pear, Peach, Cherry,
Plum, Apricot, Nectarine and Quince Trees; Grapevines* Currants, Gooseberry^
Rnapbt'rry, Block borry and Straxvberry Plants; Stocka- Apple, Cherry, Pear anil Quince;
DeciduLiua Trees, Evergreen Trees 4 Dociduoua Shrubs, Evergreen Shrubs, Vinew, and
Creepena, Roses, Perennial Floivera.

]J, Of Dealers and Agents— Name, P, O,, County, State; Name» of NnrBerymen fw
whom acting: extent of territory furnished or canvassed, [Nurserymen arc ttquie&ied to
furnish thia information of all their authorized *^gtnts,)

lit. Of Fruit Growers— Name, P. O , Gounly, Stale, Aerea planted. Number of
Treea, Vines and Bushes of Apple, Pear, Peach, Cherry, Plum, Aprjeot, Nectarine,
Quince, Grape, Currant, Goosebeny, Blackberry, Raspberry and Straw^berry.

IV. Of Fruit Deatcrg— Name, R O,, Counry, State.

Persons sending' the above information, (wiUi a three cent stamp for return postage,}
previous to August 15th, will reeeive a copy of the Register free of charge*i

Early, prompt and correct information is urgedi and will make this a valuable book of
reference to buyer and seller^

AV. O. FLAGG,

Secretary Illinois Stale Horticultural Society,
June 15, I865w 2t Altow, iLLinois.

Choice Seeds for Present Sowing.

HOVEY & CO.

Invite atrention to the following first class aeids^ now just in season for sowing : —
Hollyhock, collection of twelve distinct sorts, Si .50.

" mixed, fine double, ------ 10 ct»,

CaJc solaria, shrubby, fine, mixed, - * - ^ - - 50 **

** herbaceous, line, mixed, - - - - - -50"

Oinera^ria, froui the finest sorta, - - - - - - 50 "

Chinese Prhnroie, fine fringed, white, - - - - - 25 ••

** " fine fringed, purple, - - - - - 85 «

Pri mu 1 a sinens ia k crmes i n a s p le nd ens, ( Ch mese Prtmrojse. ) Very 1 arge fringed

flowera ; bright velx'ety crunson ; benutiful, - - - - 50 **

Primula amensis, erecta auperha, A distinct variety, of uprigfit growth ; flow-
ers, brilliant rosy^crimson, large and finely fringed ; splendid, - - 50 **
Primula ainenaia, filicifolia rubra, A brilliant new variety, with very large,
rich crimaon, fringed blossoms \ of very compact, robust growth, totally
distinct from any other variety by itis largCi fern-like foliage, and beauti-
fully formed flowers, - - - * - - * $1
Antirrhinum, finest mixed, - - - - - , - 10 cli*

Stock, scarlet and white, intennediaie, - - * - *10*'

Double German, wait fiowcr, - - - - - - - JO **

Stock, Victoria, acarlet, - - - _ - - -tlO"

" '* white, - - - - * - - 10 **

P&Qgieat English prize ftowcra, - ^ - - - -50**

*• New fiincy kinds, - - - - - * -25**

•* Auricula flowered, - - - - - - -50**

Willi all the usual variety, suitable for planting at this aeaaon,

HOVEY & CO.,

53 North Market Strut.

itta

WETT TV-OniC

Off TI!K

ORCHARD-HOUSE

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FOR THE

ORCHARD-HOUSE AND OPEN AIR.

By T. COLLINGS BREHAUT.

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GEHSRAL BEMABKS ON OBCHAED-HOUSES ADAPTED TO THE CLDUTE
OF THE UNITES STATES.

BY O. M. HOVKY,

I'^K^ttHiKT or TBS icjis«tAL,'UUE^irTTa nonncuLTiiiAL EOClWrt',
miTon op.MAijAxrseR or noKTicPLTtrnfi, iii» authou of rnt^iTs of aHvhiCa.

1 vol,, octavo. Price, $1-25.

This volume contains^ in acJdition to the large expenence or Mf. Bi-eliiiut, all l!ie fiifer^
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Published by Havey & Co., 53 North Market St , BostosL

PiAJi Sanea. Vd. I

MAGAZINE

HORTICULTURE,

BOTANY,

IV ETTBAL AfFAIES.

** Jfl fvQ^tfBli fcbmulTiT taut VnoiTBri dc tnoji gp^l pour lei jKrdinB. 11 me evrnW^ <iuHt «li
Inpcwilliltt qm'tm ni^hmt fmlSiM Tavolr. 11 ii'pflt pc4at de tefttifl qua jp ds »uppo<i« t rfrlul qui

FuReB PA l44Ur».

No. COCLXIX.
SEPTEMBER, 1865.

EDITED BY C. M. HOVEY,

AUTHOR OF THE FRiriTS OF AMERICA.

■MnuRT KiMBn or thc soKnairuTiui »Mamm w xauiaimn, iin (jlvcv. *i«
awraUi vMQWtna, itocmmB, >nn>«L«, a4TB.un, »iumaT«*. nv. rc.

BOSTON:
PUBLISHED BY HOVBY & CO*

Sa NORTH MARKTST STRKIfr, OPPOSITK FAJJICJIX HAl.L
TWO DOLLA1L9 A TKAIU

VOU XXXI

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

FIFTH SERIES, VOL. i.-OK, YOL. XXXI.

E&tabliBhed in 1835.

TERMS:

Oifi Copi, oifE i£AR, invariably in advance, - - Two D0LI.4RS-

FauR Copies, " ^ ** ," ^, - ' Seveii Doll*ii*.

VotCME rwR IBm, Hatid8«mely Bound jn Cloth,

Two DoLLAUB, FirTT Ccifxa.

Volumes for I860, '61, '62, '63, ^64, buund, ond

Subscription for 1865, . - ^ . - - - - ForaTEEi* DoLLAaa,
Complete Sets, in 30 volumest bound, . * - FirTi Dollars.
MiOAXiWE and [Ioeticultueist, one year, - Foom Uollae*.

" •* G A edeners' Monthly, one year^

Three Dollars, Seventt-Five Cent*.
** " the Three Magazines,

Five DollaRSi SETE?fTY«FiVE Cewts.

SiWOLE Copies, - .------.-- '^^^"V^^^X^i

A full iet of tlie Magaiwne fornis a complete Eticyclopedm of HorH-
culture, embracing every eubject connected with the Garden, and m a
Library in itself. A<idr««, ^^^^ ^ ^^^ Publisher-.

53 North Mareet St*, Bostow*

CONTENTS.

1. FniitH and Fruit Cukyre in the West, . - . - 257

2. Rainy-Day Scribblinga. By George Jaquei, Worcester, - 2S7

a Poniologicil GosBip, ' ■ ~ ^*

i. The Suinioer Flower Garden, From the Gardeneia' Chron*

icle, »!

5. Daphne Cneorum, ,,------ 27B

a Floriculturol Noticee, ,-,---- 279

7. General Noticea, ,.._,- - - 284

8, Societies, -------- f°^

a Horticultural Operations for September, - - - ^o*

^^__ ,, ^ _ - ^ ' --^

Cash Advertising Terms for 1865.

One page, each insertion, f90 00, Half page, each ineertioo, SlO 00.
Leaa than half page. 25 cents per line, each insertion.
3d and 4th Cover pagea, 830 per page. ^
Each page eoniains 85 lines of space. No discount allowed from thaae

AdvertiHemenlfl, to insure insertion, should be sent to the publishera by
the 22d of tlie [nonth preceding that in which they are to appear. ^Ad-
TCftMera will please specify the amount of room they wish their adver-
liiements to occupy, and the number of times to be inserted, ' ,
Address HOVEY &. CO.,

53 North Marekt Street, Bostow.

(tj* The Postage on the Mag&zine m H ete.; if paid m advance, qmmw-
lerly, 12 cts. a year.

H. W- DtTTTOH Bt Bon, PaiWTimi

Ad^miMng Sheet of the Mag. of HorHcuHure. i

NE W GEAP ES.

WB OPPB& PeE PALIi 8ALKB A SPttVITDHI LOT OP

co^nsmie ulbobix irr trk mnrxR sorts :
lONA, ADIRONDAC, I8RAELLA, DELAWARE.

ALSO, A yXRT PINB STOCK OP

Coneord, Hartford Prolific, Dtana, Kebeeci^ Crerdliif , ADeii's Hybrid,
Rog^ers* Hybrids, IJnioii TfUaf^, ftc., fte.

Our Tines have been grown with the greatest care flom Lcnen and SmgU fjyet, in the
open air, and in large beds nnder glass, thus producing an abondance of well-developed
branchy roots.

The plants are remarkably strong and healthy, fiee Irom mildew, and cannot iUl to
give the beH satisfaction.

Orders hy the single plant, hnndred, or thousand, will receive onr most careful attention.

Descriptive Catalogues, and Wholesale List for the Trade, sent on recei^ of three-
cent stamiK

T. C. MAXWELL &; BR0THEB8.

GenoM, M K, A>igu$t, 1865. Sept— 3t

ABmOfiDAG GRAPE WSE&,

1 Year, No. 1, very strong,

1 « « 2, strong, .

2 ** ** 1, very strong,

2 « " 2, strong, .

8 '' '' 1, pruned for froiting,

3 u *^ 2, *' ** ^

each, 19.00— doc fiaoa
" 1.50 " 15.0a

" 4.00 " aaoo.
«* aoo " 2aoa

« 0.00 « 00.00.
** 5.00 •• 50.00.

ALSO,

lona, braella^ Allen's BfybrM, CSoneard, GrcTelliif,
Cmf9lb»g9tj Delaware, IMaiia, Hartfbrd, Maxatawny^
BUUety Bebeeea, Rogers' Tfi4Hu 1, 8, 4, Iff, 19^ ••,
Sliemiasy Telegraph, Vnioii Tillage, Teddo*

Superior vines, at the lowest prices, sent securely packed* by mail or express, geiid
ftr Trade Cireular and Descriptive Catalogue. Address

JOHN W. BAUXT»

PUTXBBCIOH, CUHTOir 00., V. T.

3 Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of HertieuUure.

m FMIT FAM MIB WISBll.

All penoDS interested in the caltare of

Will find it to their advantage to send for the July edition of oar

It contains descriptions of all the leading Farieties of

GRAPES,

STRAWBEBRIBS,
RASPBERRIES,

BL< ACKBE BBIES,
CURRANTS,

GOOSEBERRIES, &C.,

With the prices of Tines and plants, Rbpoets of our Straws brrt and Geafb
Exhibitions.

Lbttees from eminent fniit growers who have visited oar grounds, giving minutb
DBscaiPTiozfs of our modbs of culturb, the general management of our place, and
much other valuable information, and will be sent to all applicants sending 10 cents.

J. KNOX.

Sq>t. BOX 155 FIXTSBUBQH. Pa.

STANDARD PEARS!

EJxtra. Fine Stock for Fall Sales!

We offer for Fall, 1865, an exteosWe and superior stock of
Grown with the greatest care on our strong clay and gravel loam,

The Best Soil in the World to produce a strong healthy tree.

FOR

EXTENT, VARIETY, QUALITY,

We believe oar Stock to be unsurpassed.

AIJL THE IJBilJM]V» SORTS IN IiAR»E SUPPLY.

We have also a large and varied assortment of all the best sorts,

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS,
GRAPE VINES, ROSES, BEDDING PLANTS, &c.

For the Wholesale or Retail Trade.
To Nurserymen, Dealers, and all wishing to purchase, either in large or small quan-
tities, we offer the most liberal terms.
Send stamp for Catalogues,* or call and examine our stock.

T. 0. MAXWELL & BB0THEB8.

OttU/nh v. Y., Aug. 1st, 1865. Aoc— 4t.

Advertising Sheei of the Mag. of Horticulture. H

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES

FOR FALL OF 1865.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

HAVE THX PLBA8URB OF OFFBRINQ THSIR USUAL LAROB AND OOXPLETB STOCK OF

STANDARD AND DWARF FRUIT TREES,

BOTH HARDT AMD FOBEION — OLD AND NEW VABIETIES.

S T ir JlTW DB E K, H, I E S ,

AITD OTB£B 8KALL FBOIT — ALL VABIETIES WOBTHT OF CULTIYATION.

Ornamental Trees, Flowering Shrubs, Evergreens, &c., &c.

ROSES,

laolndiBg « fine oollvoUoa of BTANOABDS, three to flre feet high.

A GREAT COLLECTION OF HEW AITD BEAUTIFUL VARIETIES.

BULBOUS FLOWER ROOTS, &o., &o.

The stock is vigorous, well-flnrown, and in every particnlar first class.

Planters, Nurserymen and Dealers are invited to inspect the stock personally, and to
examine the following Ciitalogues, which give full particulars, and are sent prepaid to
applicants, who inclose stamps, as follows :

Noe. 1 and 2, ten cents each ; No. 3, five cents ; No. 4, three cents.

Na 1. — A Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of Fmits.

No. 3. — A Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of Ornamental Trees, Shruhs, Roses,
&c., &C., &c.

Na 8. — A Catalogue of Dahlias, Verbenas, Petunias, and select new Qreenhoose and
Bedding Plants, published every spring.

No. 4. — A wholesale Catalogue or Trade List, published every autumn.

ELLWANGER & BARRY,

Sept. MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES, ROCHESTER, N. T.

WANTED.

A situation by a first class Gardener, who is thoroughly acquainted with all the
departments of Horticulture, and who has had sixteen years' experience in some of the
beet places in Massachusetts. The best recommendations can be produced. For further
ftftiejUats, inqulre^ of HOVEY At CO., Boston; WILLIAM WALES, ESQ., Florist,
DoTCliester, Mass. Sept.

4 Adtnrtmngr Sh^l uf tU Mug. n/ JTorKduteire.

250,000 PEAB TREES.

We have an immeiise stock of firat q«ality

STANDARD AND DWARF PEAR TREES.

Suitable for tmuplanting in Orduardi and Gardeni.

Also an extensive stock of. Bbcond and Tnian sises, saitable to transplant into
Mar$ery rotct, and grow two to three years to form fine and eztra-sized trees, any of
which will be sold by the 100 or 1000 at the lowest rates for the same qaali^.

For description and pric^ps, address, with stamp inclosed,

FROST & CO.,

GSNESEQ PALLET NUBSKBIES,
Sept BOGHSSTEBt If. Y»

FROST & CO..

GENESEE VALLEY NURSERIES,

OrrSK AR HfMBRSK 8TOCE OF WtLL «ROWM

STANDARD AND DWARF FRUIT TREES,

SMALL. FRUITS,
ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, &c.

rOR THS

j^TTTTj-js^xT or isee.

Neatly FOUR HUNDRED ACRES are occupied in their oaltivation. The pablie
•re nlicited to examine the following CaUdoguUf which give fall particalars of their
Stocky Priceif ifc^ and will be mailed Prtpaid to all applicants on receipt of Five oenis
for each.

Nos. 1 ^ 2. — Descriptive Catalogue of Fraits and Ornamental Trees.

No. 4. — Wholesale Catalogue for Nurserymen^ Dealers, and others, who wish to bay
lo Utfge ipW i n t itie s.

Address

FBOST ft; CO..

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Tiinnman Nurseries, Flushing, L. I.

PRINCE dL Co. will send five Catalogues of different departments to spplicants who

enclose stamps for each.

Fruit and Ornamental Trees and Shrubberies ; Small Fruits ; Grapesi
Bulbous Flowers ; Fssonies ; Stranrberri^Pi 850 yarieti08» an unrivaUea
OoUeotion, at reduoed prices.

AdiMiMng SSiHi of ih^ Mag. iff HwUmUhtre. 6

PRIZE STRAWBERRIES.

HOVEY &; CO.,

68 NORTH MARKET STREET, .... BOSTON,

Offer for nle fiiw atrenK planti of the fUkrwing wietiea of StrtwbarriM, which includ*
all the new kind* that have been tried, both Native and Foreign : —

LA C0N8TANTE.

One of the largest and very finest kinds. Obtained the $25 Silver Cup at Belmonty
and one of the four sorts which obtained the $20 prize offered by the MassachusettB Hor.
ticultaral Society. Five years trial have proved it to be the finest Foreign Strawberry,
and a productive and profitable market fruit. Plants, 50 cts. per doz., $3 per hundred.

AGRICULTURIST.

The prize berry in New York, and believed to be a productive, large and fine varie^.
Plants, $1.50 per dozen.

RUSSELL'S PROLIFIC.

A large and productive berry of fair quality. 50 cts. per doz., $3 per 100.

BUFFALO SEEDLING.

Tory stnilar to RusseU's Prolific in size and quality. Plants, 50 cts. per doe., $8 per

loa

FRENCH'S SEEDLING.

A good sized early strawberry, which is said to be productive and profitable. 60 cts.
per dozen.

LENNINQ'S WHITE.

A leml white atiawbeny, productive, {air siaed, and of good flavor. 50 cte. per dos.

GREEN PROLIFIC.

A large and productive variety, light scarlet, and fair quality. 50 cts. per doz.

ALSO,

LUCINDA PERFECT A, with large fruit ;
PROGRESS, fruit large, scarlet;
FROGMORE^S LATE PINE, large and good;
$1.50 each, per dozen.
WHITE PINE APPLE, and DEPTFORD WHITE, $1 per doz.

ADMIRAL DUNDAS.

The laigest strawberry grown, measaring 6 to 8 inches in circumference. $1 per doi.

EMPRESS EUGENIE, very large; MARGUERITE, very large; EMMA, WON-
DERFUL, AMBROSIA, NAPOLEON III., DUG DE MALAKOFF, OSCAR, fcc,
at 50 cts. per doz.

HOVEY'S SEEDLING.

One of the largest, finest, and most productive varieties in cultivation ; one of the vari-
eties which obtained the $30 prize. Plants, $1.50 per 100.

BOSTON PINE.

A \9jg% early, prodoctive, and delicious variety. Plants, $L50 per 100.

BRIGHTON PINE, JENNY LIND, AUSTIN, SCOTT'S SEBDUNG, a&d TRt
OMPHE DE GAND, at $1.50 per lOa
Ready for deliveiy, August 30th, and safely paciced for transportation to any part of
<1m tonntry. Addrws, __^

HOVBT & CO.

53 NoiTH Market Stbbet, Boston, Mass.

Advertinng Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

TO THE TRADE.

JAPAN LILIES.

HOVEY & CO.

NO. 63 NORTH HABKET STBEST.
BOSTON,

Offer for tale one of the largfeet Collectioiis of the splendid Japan Lilies, including many
of their fine seedlings, which have been increased in sufficient quantity to offer to the
trade. These Seedlings have been produced by hybridizaUon with our hardiest kinds
and arelnuch stronger growers than the original species, throwing up stems five feet
high, containing from fifteen to twenty flowers.

The prices by the dozen are as follows : —

Lancifolium album, pure white, -...-.---$400
" punctatum (true), with delicate pink spots, - - - - - 9 00

*' roseom, rose-spotted, .........400

** rubrum, crimson-spotted, ..-...--400
" selected seedlings, very finely spotted, - - - - - 4 00

Melpomene, with deep blood-colored spots, - . - - . - -1500
Terpsichore, large, rosy crimson spots, - . - • .. . • 900
Urania, bludi-tinffed and crimson-spotted, .......900

Thalia, tfc^ed with ruby, 900

Eva, distmct, dwarf, rosy lilac spots, ••......900

Laiioifdliiun» rnbrom and roBeum, by the 100 or 1000 at liberal rates.

ALSO, THE FOLLOWING FINB LILIES BT THE DOZEN: —

L. Brownii, a superb white flower, trumpet-shaped, six inches long, - - . 12 00
Eximna, true, very large trumpet-shaped white flowers, • . • - 4 00
Groom's Hybrid, with deep blood-colored and spotted flowers, . - • 5 00
Superbum, a splendid lily, red and orange-spotted, six feet high, • - - 4 00

Candidum, the old white lily, 300

Longifiomm, with very large white trumpet-shaped flowers, . • - 2 00

Tignnia, (Tiger my,J .... 1 50

Martagon, various colors, ..........400

Chakedonicuni, with small scarlet flowers, --....-400

Bulbs ready for delivery Ootober 10th.

The m<mths of October and November is the best season for plantiiig these LUies in
the open ground. Fcnr cultivation in pots, they should be planted at the stme time, and
be wintered in a frame, protected from severe frosts, or they may be kept dry till February
end then potted. They will then bloom beautifhlly in July and August No plants of
recent introduction are more valuable than the Japan Lilies. Aug.

AdverHsinff Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture. 7

aSO^OOO I^E-A^K. TItEES.

HOYEY & 00.

Respectfally invite the attention of the public to their rerj ezteonve stock of PEAR
TREES, both standard and dwarf, embracing all the popular and new varieties, which
they offer at wholesale or retail at the lowest prices. These trees are stocky, vigorous
and of the most healthy description.

Catalogue forwarded to all applicants. Prices for trees in quantity will be promptly
furnished on application.

Address HOVEY & CO.,

53 North Marut Strut, Boston.

Grape Vines for

HOVEY & CO.

Offer for sale one of the largest and most complete collections of Foreign Grapes

in the country, embracing every popular variety of merit, all raised fh>m eyes fh>D
our own bearing vines, and true to name, as follows: —

Black Hamburgh, Canadian Chief,

Black Hamburgh, Wilmot's No. 16, Muscat de Sarbelle,

Black Hamburgh, Wilmot's, Muscat Madeira,

Victoria, Muscat St LAurent,

Mill Hill Hamburgh, Purple Sweet Water,

White Frontignan, Champion Hamburgh,

Grizzly Frontignan, Muscat of Alexandria,

Black Frontignan, Tottenham Park Muscat,

Chasselas of Fontainebleau, Macready's Early White,

Black Prince, Zinfindal,

Lombardy, White Nice,

West's St Peters, Reigne de Nice,

Gros Bleu, Syrian,

Barbarossa, White Tokay,

Muscat Blanc Hatif, Golden Hamburgh,

Bowker, Pope Hamburgh,

Trentham Black, Austrian Muscat

Muscat Hamburgh, Prolific Sweetwater,

Bowood Muscat, Caillaba,

Royal Muscadine, Richmond Villa,

ChaptaL Trebbiana,

Lady Downes. Marchioness of Hastings,

Moranet, Canon Hall Muscat
Decandolle,

Fine strong vines, one and two years old, in pots, ready for immediate plantinf •

Prices on applicatkm. 53 North Uammmt Strut.

8 Advertisitig Sheet of the Mag, of Hortieutiwe.

Handsome Ornamental Shrubs.

HOVEY & CO.

Oflbr fbr nie a fine stock of tiie following beautifb] Shrubs and Plants t

Deatzia erenata flere pleita, (Doable.)

A doable variety of the Deutzia, perfectly hardy, growing 3 to 4 feet high, prodacing
long racemes of double white flowers delicately tmted with rose. It is one of the most
beauUful and valuable shrubs recently introduced. 50 cts. to ^\M i

Daphne cneomm,

An old but yeiy little known plant, perfectly hardy, evergreen, growing about a foot
high, and forming a dense, pretty bush, covered with clusters of bright rose floweiB df a
most delightful odor, and blooming from spring till autumn* It forms one of the finest
shrubs for the garden, f 1 to $9 each.

Japan Variegated Honeysucklei

LONICBRA. AUaaO RETICULATA.

Introduced from Japan by Mr. Fortune, and has proved quite hardy in our climate. It
is a slender twining plant, with roundish oval leaves of a clear green, distinctly veined
with light yellow, giving it a highly attractive and novel appearance. Flowers yellowish
white, and deliciously fragrant 50 cts. to #1 each.

Thnjopsis dolabrata,

One of the most beautiful of Japanese coniferous trees, which ha» proved entirely
hardy in our climate. It grows rapidly and forms a large tree, with a very deep green
foliage, and elegant habit. Young trees, $2 each.

Thujopsis dolabrata variegata.

A most remarkable varie^ted variety of the T. dolabrata, with^ the same elegsot fbl-
age distinctly variegated with silver, very ornamental. It is equally as hardy as the
parent fS each.

Cnpressus Lawsoniana.

A splendid coniferous tree, perfectly hardy, with a beautiful habit, and slightly dimm-
ing branches. Young trees, $1 to $3 each.

lONA AND ISBAELLA GRAPES.
HOVEY & C50.

£3 North Market Street, Boston,

Offer for sale a large stock of these two new varieties, which have been pronounced,
by all who have tested them, siqperior grapes, and worthy of general introduction. They
are described as follows : —

loNA. Bunch and berries large, of a delicate pink or wine color, and posseaaing a rich,
brisk, and vinous flavor: vines healthy and hardy, ripening just afler the Delaware, and
very productive.

IsaAKXJJk. Bunch six inofaes long, with a shoulder ; berries larger black : every way a
most excellent grape, ripening as early as the Hartford Prolific, and far surpassing it in
quality.

Prices on application.

ALSO,

CfVVilliDg,. Hsjtford Pmlific Sogem* Nos. 4 and 15| Wmehsster, Uoioo ^^Upn»
Olana, EebScca, and other gjrapas.

PRUiTS AND FBUIT CULTURE IN THE WEST.

The eultivation of fruits is rapidly extending throughout
the great West ; it is even progressing with greater rapidity
than with us in the older States ; perhaps because we have
advanced so far that improvenaent is not so perceptible ; but we
are inclined to tliink that there is more enthusiasm and energy
among the western fruit growers and cultivators, and more
cooperation among them to elicit information and facts, bear-
ing upon the whole subject of fruit growing, than iu the
Eastern States. We have now before us two good sized
pamplilets, of nearly a hundred pages each, recording the
doings of the Indiana State Horticultural Society, at its
Fourth Annual Meeting, and tlie Twelfth Report of the Ohio
Pomological Society for 1865, both full of varied, useful, and
valuable information upon fruits and fruit growing, much of
it local, but a great deal applicable to all parts of the country.
Our western friends seem to be up und at work, and though
in their rapidly extending population, which doubles in a few
y^rs, there is more need of such information than with us,
dtill, we think the same zeal, and the same labor, freely given
by State or local assooiations, would more rapidly diffuse a
taBte for superior fruits, and lead to the extensive planting ^
of trees in all parts of tlie country. The fears that our mar-
kets would be glutted with apples, or pears, or grapes, have
not yet been realized, and we are inclined to believe that
a will be many years before tlie poorer classes of our people
will have the opportunity of tasting the best varieties of these
fruits. Apples, the past winter, ranged from $5 to f 10 per
barrel, and with Bartlett pears, and rather ordinary peaches,.
aif5 per bushel, is there not abundant room for a much
l^arger supply at remunerative prices ?

The principal business of these societies, and the substance
of the reports already alluded to, was the discussion of the
vjftrious fruits, and information — experience— relative to their
adaptability to the climate and soil, their profitable culture,

VOL. XXXI.— Na. IX. 17

258 THB MAGAaNB OF HOBTICULTUBE.

Ac. These are given in detail, but there is little new that
we have not given in our report of the last meeting of the
American Pomological Society. The more interesting matters
to our readers are the addresses and reports made to each
association. In them we find much that is interesting —
more, indeed, than we have space to notice — but we select
from each such portions as will add to the information of
every reader. The Address of the President of the Indii^na
State Horticultural Society, 1. D. G. Nelson, is very interest-
ing, and, with much information, both local and general,
contains the following upon pomological progress, and the
duties of our horticultural societies : —

It will not be denied that progress has been made in pomo-
logical knowledge, and horticultural information generally,
within the past few years; neither will it be denied that there
is an- abundance of room for much more improvement in the
same direction — for ignorance and error in regard to fruit
and fruit culture still prevails to a discouraging extent.

One of our chief objects here is to correct and improve tlie
public mind on this subject, and if we fail in doing it, our
mission has been fruitless. I think societies of this kind
treat error too tenderly. It should be dealt with fearlessly
and boldly, yet frankly and fairly, and as ^^ confession is good
for the soul," I freely confess that, although pomological and
* horticultural knowledge of tho highest order prevails in the
United States, and is not perhaps excelled in the old world,
yet it is confined to the comparatively few and chiefly witiiin
the limited circles of amateur and professional horticulturists.
it is not diffused among the masses. They are still groping
their way in almost midnight darkness, apparently refusing to
receive the light that is so freely and earnestly offered them
through the medium of agricultural and horticultural jour-
nals and periodicals, horticultural and agricultural societies,
as well as the various other channels through which flow light
and knowledge.

Mr. Nelson thus alludes to ^^past errors,'' with '* bints for
the future" :—

SETTEMBEB. 259

The apple being the great staple fruit crop for market, as
well a8 for family use for the million, I pass over the other
delicious fruits for the present, and will drop a few sugges-
tions on this branch of the subject. Having been a fruit-
grower to some considerable extent for the past twenty-five
years, and having paid dearly and bitterly for mvch of the
lUtle horticultural learning I have, I propose giving a few
brief practical liints that may be of some use to others.

My great and leading error, like most other beginners,
was, in the great number of varieties and the want of selec-
tion of suitable sorts adapted to the soil and climate — a most
fatal error, which, added to the frequent blunders or imposi-
tions of nurserymen, who, I am sorry to say, are not always
more honest than other men, lias given me endless trouble
for the past twenty years, and attended with not a little
expense. I have been grafting and re-grafting ever since my
first orchard began to bear, until I have converted nearly five
hundred trees from probably half as many sorts into six or
eight varieties, and am still engaged in grafting from twenty-
five to fifty trees a year, and expect to continue the business,
if I live, for years to come, and until the varieties iu the
main, are few in number, and those only of the most choice
and profitable torts.

For tlie benefit of others who have blundered into similar
difficulty, and their numbers are legion, I will state, that my
practice is to visit my orchards during the fruiting season,
every day if possible, certainly twice a week, provided with a
pencil, memorandum book, labels, and small strips of white
muslin in my pocket. I take notes from time to time and
from year to year in regard to the growth, healthfulness and
productiveness of the trees, quality of fruit, kind of soil,
treatment, and any and all otlier particulars that it may be
important to know, before determiiiing what disposition to
make of any variety. When I become convinced tliat a cer-
tain variety for any cause is not worthy or profitable, no mat-
ter how good a reputation it may have established elsewhere,
I tie a strip of muslin on a limb conspicuously, aqd attaeb-*
1 label with the name of the variety with which I wish it
grafted written upon it, and when the grafters are at work,
ihey see the signal and tiie work is soon done.

260 THE M AGAZtNB 09 flOBnCULTURE.

The following valuable information upon grafting old trees
eonfirms Mr. Nelson's remark, that he has been a fruit-grower
twenty-five years. Such knowledge ckn only be gained by
long and ** dearly" bought experience : —

Judging from the many inquiries I have received, and
from the numerous grafted orchards I have seen, I am apt to
think that the subject of after management of a grafted
orchard is not well understood, and as the practice of graft-
ing orchards is becoming more general, where the fruit from
any cause becomes unsatisfactory, I will go on to say, tl\at
my custom is not to wait till the trees get large, but as soon
as I get fruit from a variety for a sufficient length of time to
become satisfied, I commence the work at once, and graft all
of that variety, except a specimen tree or two— putting in
two scions in each stock grafted. On or before the first 6f
July I visit my grafted trees, and if both scions are grot^-
ing, which will generally be the case if the work is well done,
I pull out the weakest one, or the one least needed in shaping
the top of the tree, rub off all sprouts, (and there will be
plenty,) and enough of the limbs to give plenty of room,
lighl and air, so that the grafts may make 'a good liealthy
growth. This I continue through the season as time and
opportunity offers, sometimes pinching the ends of the graft
if growing too rapidly. The following year cut one half or
more of all the old wood remaining — cut back the grafts if
the growth is too great, which is rarely the case, and see that
the tree is well balanced, especially not too heavy on the east
side. If there have been any failures and more grafts hte
needed, put them in. If too many, cut them out and see
that plenty of room, air and light is given again, through the
growing season. The third year cut out all the balance of
the old wood, and the job is finished except keeping the
sprouts rubbed off, and sometimes stopping the grafts by
pihohing as before, to make them stocky. Trees thus mab-
i^ed make as fine an orchard as root grafted trees, tod fte-
<|uently much finer.

I will not name the few varfeMes thai I am almost teolu-
emly setting, as it i»<«uM be ^ litlle practical utitfly^ tfut

BBPTBIfBBB. 261

refer that branch of the subject for information, to the dis-
cussions of our society and to the lists recommended for
different localities.

We wish we had room for more extracts, but as other
subjects deserve notice we must omit them for tlie present.
The first of these is the pear blight, which has made such
havoc with tlie pear-trees in the West. As this has appeared
in some few localities in our neighborhood, any information
in regard to it may be valuable to our cultivators. Our
respected correspondent, Dr. Kirtland of Cleveland, Ohio,
sent a communication to the society, giving bis experience .
with the disease, if such it can be called. After alluding to
its appearance in Nei^ England, fifty years ago, and the theo-
ries which have been advanced to account for the blight, as
well as its supposed cryptogamous origin, he concludes as
follows : —

If these discoveries and analogies establish, with any de-
gree of certainty, the hypothesis of the cryptogapaous origin
of the pear tree blight, we have made important progress in
l(]^ying down true indications for its cure or prevention.
Among the means suggested for effecting that end certain
combinations of iron have already been named. Tlie author-
ity for such practice is founded on the following facts:

1. It is a popular belief that iron exerts a favorable influ-
ence over the health of fruit Jrees. Hence arises the practice
of driving nails into the body of such trees and loading their
limbs with scraps of iron. Both the belief and the practice
may be visionary, yet in such instances of popular belief
investigation usually discovers them to be founded on some
shadow of truth.

2. An intelligent and observing gentlemen of Cleveland
informs me that he prevents the curl of the peach leaf by
depositing in the earth, about the bodies of the trees, frag-
ments of rusty stove pipe and worthless pieces of iron.

3. Twenty-four years since I called the attention of the
public to the isolated fact without reference to any theory,
that a large pear tree in Columbiana county, 0., with its body

262 THE MAGAZINl OF HOVTICULTURE.

surrounded with manj wagon loads of boulders, scoria, scales
of iron and accumulations from a blacksmith shop, retained
its health, vigor and fruitfulness, while all other pear trees in
that region of country, had either died or were suffering
from blight. (Vide New England Parmer, Dec. 8d, 1840,
page 153.) At this late day this tree still continues healthy.

4. I recollect reading in that reliable journal, Hovey's Mag-
azine of Horticulture, some years since, a statement that the
finest prize pears seen in the Parisian market, were produced
by investing the growing fruits with folds of cotton or linen
cloth, and daily, or oftener, moistening them with a solution
of sulphate of iron. This treatment was said to result in
developing the size, beauty and quality of the fruits to a high
degree, and especially to free them from parasitic blotches.

6. Four years since Mrs. Weller Dean, of Rockport, Ohio,
Informed me that blight might not only be prevented in
healthy pear trees, but might be successfully arrested, in
many trees after it had made considerable progress, by means
of repeatedly washing the bodies of the trees with a satu-
rated solution of sulphate of iron (copperas) at a time when
the sap is in active circulation.

This was a confidential communication, with the conditions
annexed that I should thoroughly test the plan, and if it
should prove successful I was to publish it, and furthermore,
if any merit or more substantial reward should be deemed
due to any one by the public, she was to be the recipient.

The plan has yet been only imperfectly tried. Age and
infirmities will probably prevent its completion by me. I will
therefore report that I have tested it on a number of my
partially blighted pear trees, while a greater number has
been left to die unmedicated. Of the former not one as yet
perished, while of the latter very few survive. It has ap-
peared, in every instance, to arrest the progress of the dis-
ease, and to impart a healthy condition to the bark wherever
applied. The apparent results may have been coincidences,
and not the effect of the remedy. There is much false expe-
rience in horticulture and agriculture, as well as in medicine.

These views suggest the expediency of extensively apply-
ing a solution of the sulphate of iron by means of a green-

8SPTEMBSB. 263

house syringe or garden engine, to the tops and foliage of
trees laboring under any of the diseases suspected of a cryp-
togamous origin. It also becomes a query whether the same
agent may not be successfully employed at some penod to
counteract the potato disease, either by watering with it the
growing plant or washing the tubers in it in autumn after
they are dug. No injury has ever arisen to pear trees by the
free use of a saturated solution of copperas.

In conclusion, I would observe that the discovery of the
cryptogamous origin of many disorders of the human system
is effecting important changes in their treatment. May we
not hope that an extension of these discoveries to the vegeta-
ble kingdom may result equally favorable in shaping the prac-
tice in diseases of fruits and fruit trees.

Much other information we liave to defer, to notice the
Eeport of the Ohio Pomological Society, containing more
extended reports on various subjects, and less discussional
matter, but including a Fruit Catalogue for Ohio, and the
excellent address of tlie President, Dr. Warder. As the most
interesting information to a large class of our readers, we
copy the following account of "the Cincinnati Method of
Training and Trimming" grapes: —

In response to queries. Dr. Warder stated that the common
plan of training in the southern portions of the State, was
that known as the spur and bow method, with a stake to
support the vine. This system requires a very different
mode of trimming from that pursued when training on the
trellis, though the principle of removing the bearing wood
annually is the object in both instances. At the time of the
winter trimming, the best new cane, coming out from the
stalk as low down as possible, is selected to form the bow for
next year's fruitage; this is shortened according to its
strength, to a length of from two to four feet ; and a low
shoot is also selected, which is cut down to two eyes, forming
the spur from which two canes are to be grown next season.
All the rest of the wood is removed from the vine at the
winter trimming. • The vineyard thus pruned presents a very

264 THB MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBB.

bare appearance, and the noTice will think it rained, and that
there can be no crop the next season, but experience shows
us that there is always danger of over-fruiting the vine.
The well being of a vineyard that is trained in this way will
depend upon the manner in which the summer pruning has
been conducted, and this will be recurred to under the
appropriate head. The period at which the trimming should
be done is at any time when the plant is dormant—after the
falling of tlie leaf and before the first starting of the buds in
the spring. No plant should be cut when it is frozen, and it
has been a very common custom to trim during mild weather
in February, or early in March ; but recently fall trimming
is being more and more practised. November is a good
period, as the vines have then become completely dormant,
though in a warm time the cut ends may bleed a little.
After trimming, the vines being loosened from the stakes, are
in a condition to be laid down for the Winter protection, if
tliis is considered desirable, and the experience of the last
severe winter has induced many to think it important to
endeavor to protect the vines in future ; though few vineyards
in that section of the State have ever received any care during
the winter.

Training'. — ^Tliis -consists of two quite different operations,
the spring and the summer training. The former will first
be considered. In the stake method the vigneron waits until
the buds have begun to swell, and the sap has filled the vine
and rendered it more pliable. Taking the end of the branch
in his right hand he gives it a slight twist, supporting the
middle of the cane in his left hand, he bends the shoot so as
to form a bow, bringing the point down to the stake, where it
is secured by a willow band. The middle of tlie bow is then
tied to the stake at such a point as to make an even regular
sweep of the cane, from the place where it leaves the stalk to
where the point is secured to the stake. This may be a
circle, or the segment of a circle, greater or less, according
to the length to which the cane has been cut ; the diameter
of the bow is generally about a foot, and the plane of the bow
should be placed in the direction of the row of ^nes.

Summer training and summer pruningj or trimming, are

SEPTEBCBES. 266

conducted simultaneously, and need to be considered and
discussed in the same paragraph. The former consists in
tying up the two young canes that spring from the spur, and
which are grown for the formation of the next year's bows*
The bearing branches need very little training, but should
receive great attention in the trimming, otherwise some of
them will outgrow the canes, which will be so dwarfed as to
render them unfit for making bows. Here lies the great
importance of proper attention being paid to summer pruning,
which has the double purpose of thinning and reducing
redundant growth, and at the same time regulating the
foliage and of directing the flow of sap into tlie canes or
renewal shoots.

The first summer pruning should be commenced as soon
as the buds have grown out a few inches in length, when the
leaves are half expanded, and the blossom buds can be seen
distinctly. Wherever two slioots have come from one bud,
the weaker should be rubbed off; all "water shoots" or
suckers must be broken out at the same time. Pinching'
may now be done, removing the tip of tlie shoot a couple of
leaves beyond the bunch of grapes. This is done with the
finger nail with great ease.

The object in pinching the tips thus early in the season is
two-fold — first, to direct the growth of wood to the canes
from the spur, which are tied up to the stake as fast as they
grow to secure the same end ; and, secondly, to check the
too rampant growth of those bearing branches, and thus to
render them more fruitful. This is secured by another result
of the early pinching, which has the effect of making the
leaves expand (o a greater size. The new buds in their axils
are rapidly developed, and very soon push out laterals, thus
providing a new crop of foliage, which, in its turn, must
again be pinched later in the season, to control the excess of
growth and to cause the greater expansion of the leaves. By
this mbde of proceeding a healtliy growth of vigorous foliage
is secured, to assist the development and ripening of the
fruit later in Ihe season, when the older leaves may have
become dry o^ injured. The summer training of the canes
requires repeated attention, to lead them up the stakes until

266 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTUBB.

tliej reach the top ; and all laterals are to be pinched off to
this point. When the canes continue to grow beyond the
tops of the stakes they are trained horizontally or allowed to
hang down, and the laterals are left to grow as they will.
The old system of shortening these canes at or near the top
of the stakes is believed to be very prejudicial to the vines.
The excessive thriftiness must have an outlet, and when tlie
canes are cut or broken, the result is the bursting of the
buds that are intended for the next year's crop, and strong
laterals are thrown out. It is found that if allowed to grow
at will, after reaching the tops of the stakes, there is no
difficulty about the development of the lower buds which are
to produce the next crop of fruit ; and this very development
is the object aimed at, as in the practice of shortening-in, of
our fruit trees, or summer pruning.

It will be observed that the stake metliod of grape training
is essentially the renewal system, as much so as where the
vines are trained upon a trellis; but it should also be observed
that its simplicity is its greatest recommendation, and that
it is readily comprehended by the common laborer, whereas
it is notorious that the trellis training is seldom found to be
completely a renewal system, but that it is often impossible
to produce strong, alternate canes to take the, place of Uie
bearing wood of the past year, and hence it becomes necessary
to retain these and to adopt the spur system with them,
on portion^ of the trellis. Another advantage, beside the
simplicity of the stake and bow method of applying the
renewal system, is that, if the vines be planted sufficiently
wide, a better circulation of air will be secured tlian where
continuous trellis walls of foliage cross tlie vineyard. This
is believed to be a matter of great moment, and worthy of
consideration by the vine planter, and thus we find that the
spaces between the stakes has been greatly extended since
the introduction of vine culture into our country.
' To repeat: Trim when the vines are dormant, but not
frozen ; remove all redundant wood, leaving only so much
for fruit as the strength of the vine will enable it to ripen,
but avoid such severity of pruning as will force an excessive
wood growth.

8EPTEMBBR. 267

So soon as tiie young shoots have attained the length of a
fbw inches, remove all redundant growths and all the ground
suckers. Before blossoming, pinch the ends of all very
strong fruit branches that spring from the bow, to control
them, to make better foFiage, and new leaves on the laterals
that are thus forced out, and to encourage the vigorous
growth of the canes that spring from the spurs, and which
should be tied up from time to time, and relieved of their
laterals till they reach the top of the stake, after which they
may be allowed to grow at random, or may be trained
horizontally from stake to stake.

In attempting to give directions to those whom we would
encourage to embark in the cultivation of this delicious
fruit, we should endeavor to avoid making too much of the
difficulties that are incident to the work in hand. In the
preparation of the soil, planting and training, there should be
no mystery. Every thing connected with grape-growing is
perfectly simple and plain, and there need be no difficulty in
the matter ; but some teachers have been so minute in their
directions as to discourage many who might otherwibc sit in
comfort and with great satisfaction under their own vine, and
gather the rich clusters that will be sure to reward them for
tlieircare.

In another number we shall give some account of Prof.
Nyce's Fruit-House, upon which a report was made to the
Ohio Pomological Society.

RAINY- DAY SCRIBBLINGS.

BY GSOBOB JAQU13, WORCESTSR.

Were the readers of horticultural publications divided into
two classes, the more intelligent portion would doubtless be
somewhat surprised at the ignorance of the rest. It is to this
latter class that the following hints are chiefly addressed, and
— ^whatever they may be worth — they will prove none the less
serviceable if communicated witliout further preface.

268 THE MAGAZINB OF BOKICULTUBE.

Abusesj Sfc. — Of the evidences of misapplied labor and
expense visible about almost every country place one of the
most common is where evergreen trees have been ^^ trimmed
up" in order to improve their appearance. This mischievous
practice ought to be severely condemned ; for the beauty of
the trees under consideration consists in having their feathery
spray so dense that no part of their trunks shall be visible,
from the ground upwards. Wherever it is absolutely neces-
sary to curtail the dimensions of an evergreen, tiie branches
Hiay be judiciously ^^ shortened-in" ; but to cut them off close
to the trunk is sheer vandalism, and yet specimens of Uiia
abusive pruning can be found about many of -the homes and
in almost all the cemeteries of the United States. Again,
wherever groups or belts of ornamental trees have been
attempted, too close planting has been a very bad and almost
universal mistake. Set out with a view to immediate effect
and without forethouglit in regard to future growth, trees and
shrubbery gradually transform themselves, dler a few years,
into a sort of tangled thicket of which the interior is a oonfused
mass of dead limbs and naked trunks, while the exterior
presents a meaningless expression without any beauty. The
best procedure, in such cases, seems to be to thin out with i^
bold liand by digging up all the sickly and unsightly trees,
and then to cover up whatever is bare and offensive by plant-
ing anew. The same remedy applies where incongruous
plantations — ^as a mixture of firs and willows, for example —
have been made. Great improvements, in this way, may be
produced at trifling expense. The outside of the plainest
buildings, also, may be changed for the better, often by slight
architectural. alterations, and always by the application of a
tasteful and appropriate color. The painter who spreads a
warm neutral tint over chalk-white clapboards and flashy
green blinds deserves the thanks of every traveller who
passes in sight of them. Even common wbiteA7ash can be
improved in color, at a most trifling expense, and its applica-
tion costing scarcely nothing except a little labor, will greatly
improve Uie appearance of outbuildings and fences.

Dwarf Trees. — An important consideration, before plant-
ing a dwarf, is whether we desire it to retdn permanently

269

its miniature babit of growth. If so, the tree ought to be
worked so low that it can be set out with the graft-joint
just below the surface of the ground. Dwarf apples and
pears thus planted, must be examined from time to time to
destroy the borer, if found in them, and also to preserve their
dwarfishness by preventing any rooting from above the stock.
Dwarf trees, wliere the stock is buried three or four inches
below the surface of the ground, often emit roots above the
graft-joint, and thus assuming the character of plants raised
from cuttings gradually attain nearly to the standard size.
Such trees, of course, cannot by any severity of pruning be
kept within the limited space which suffices for a permanent
dwarf. The practice of setting dwarfs with any portion of the
stock above the surfiioe of the ground cannot be recommended.
Dwarf trees ought to be kept well ^^ headed-in," and otherwise
carefully pruned, if the best results are expected from them.
For orchard cxiltivation, dwarf pears may be advantageously
set in rows (running north and south) eight feet apart, the
trees in each row being about six feet apart.

W<mnd$. — ^Trees properly cared-for from the nursery to
old 1^, would never require any pruning that a penknife
could not perform; but the fashion in this country is to
neglect pruning for ymurs, and then to saw and hack without
mercy. The treatment of wounds, caused in this way or by
accident, becomes, tlieretbre, an interesting subject of inquiry.
That the edges of a wound jnade by a saw or otherwise sliould
be smoothly pared with a sharp knife is obvious ; but what
next ? Where anything is attempted, the common practice
ii to apply a coating of grafting wax, sliellac dissolved in
alcohol, grafting^day, Ac., ftc. Having experimented witli
almost everything, my decided preference is for common
paint, which, espeotdly if dusted over, while yet fresh, with
sand or dry loam, makes a most excellent coating, tendering
tbe same serrioe in preventing decay on the exposed wood of
a tree that it does om WMd in any other exposed situation,
while it does not in the Itast impede the gradual process of
' healing over. Nottiing is more easily applied, mA if the
coating is retbudrad oMrf ^ear the protection will be dl flie
Aorf eomplete* A Utde mixjbare of lampblack madkes the

270 THE UAGAZtKB OP HORTICULTUBE.

paiut SO nearly of the color of the bark as almost entirely to
hide the wounds. There need be no yery great care exercised
in the application, for a little paint upon the bark seems to
occasion no injury. I once, in removing a limb from an elm,
made a wound about fourteen inches long by seven wide.
During some ten years that this was healing over I kept the
wound well covered with paint, and, until I was no longer
able to examine it with a penknife, no trace of decay was to
be found, — and why not? If paint preserves the sides of a
building or the bottom of a ship, why will it not have the
same effect on a bare spot on a tree ? Smaller cuts on other
parts of my elm tree made at the same time and left unpro-
tected, decayed to the depth of two or three inches. This
experiment alone, not to cite others, seems so conclusive that
I cannot agree with all that is said in an article on this subject,
commencing on the 81st page of the volume of tliis Magazine
for the year 1862.

Prwmwg'.-^Good cultivators are very generally agreed that
it is tbc best practice to prune all fruit trees, every year, at
the season of their *^ summer rest," say during the middle
fortnight of June, continuing the use of the knife after that
time, as occasion may require, until vegetation ceases in the
autumn. There is also the best authority for performing
heavy pruning — the pruning required for trees which have
been long neglected— during their "winter rest," or from
the fall of the leaves until the motion of tlie sap, towards
spring, is sufficient to cause bleeding. Of this long period
Cole preferred the earliest part ; while Downing, Barry and
others recommend February. The experience of some of the
best cultivators in this vicmity favors the six weeks prec^og
the middle of December. But the season for performing the
work is of far less importance than the manner of operating.
In the first place, whatever implements — saws, shears, knives,
or chisels — are used, should be in the best order for cutting.
Not a movement should be made until after a careful inspec-
tion of the subject to be operated upon. Next, cut off such
limbs as seem clearly necessary to be removed, carefiiDy
watching the efiect of each unputatloQ. Whenever you
hesitate to remove a lio^b, let it remain. N^er "frfiff if^'"

SEPTEHBEB. 271

any tree, fniit or ornamental, unless you feel that yon can
satisfy a horticultural court of inquiry that the operation is
justifiable. The great end in view should be to form a well
balanced head, of good proportions, having every branch so
situated as to receive a due amount of light and air. To
grune too close endangers the healing of tbe wound ; to leave
any projecting stump encourages the growth of troublesome
suckers. When shortening-in soft or pithy plants, like the
currant or grape, cut at least an inch above a bud. In fine,
exercise reason and judgment, and carefully watch the results
of your operations, in order to learn by experience. Wounds
made in pruning or otherwise, if not over half an inch in
diameter, will take care of themselves ; larger than that tliey
may be covered as above advised, allowing them to dry a day
or two so that the paint will better adhere. Where grafting-
wax is used, cover it with a leaf, or with paper, or dust it over
well with dirt or sand, thereby rendering it less liable to
erack oflF. The shellac composition recommended by Downing
is so apt to come off that it cannot be relied upon.

Hedges, Sfc. — On a former occasion, it was recommended
to trim hedges, box-borders, <fec., oftener than is the usual
practice. Two annual clippings seem indispensable, the first
just after growth commences in the spring, the other, just
before growth ceases in the autumn. This will secure a tidy
appearance for nine or ten months in the year, and one or
more intermediate clippings — ^not always necessary — ^will
suffice for the rest. It does not answer to omit pruning
hedges, &c., because we are impatient to have them attain a
certain height. The only rational way to huriy forward
borders of tliis kind, is to give them a deep generous soil,
commencing always with smallish plants, if the finest results
are desirable.

POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP.

Professor Ntob's FsunvHousE.— In a preceding volume
(XXIX.yp. 256) we gave some account of Prof. Nyoe's mode

272 THE MAGAZINB OF HOBnCULTURB.

of preserring fruit, at that time just put into operation. Tliis
mode has now had the test of two years, and it proves to be
all that was predicted by the originator. Various fruits,
particularly apples and grapes, are kept in the most perfect
condition from six to nine months. In May last we had the
opportunity of tasting a few Catawba grapes, which came
from Mr. Nyce's fmit-house at Cleveland, and on the 29th of
July, Mr. Williams Wales of Dorchester, who visited Cleve-
land, brought home fine specimeixs of the same grape, and
three or four varieties of apples, which he sent to the Massar
chosetts Horticultural Society for exhibition, and which were
in a fine state of preservation, the Catawba plump and fine,
retaining its rich aroma, and the apples sound, crisp, and
nearly as good as wlien gathered from the tree. We think
we may safely say it is the only plan yet originat'Od, which is
capable of being made available, at a moderate expense, on a
large scale. We shall allude to it again in another number.
The Kittatinny Blackberry. — Some week or two since
we were invited to accompany a party of cultivators to visit
the locality in New Jersey where this new variety of the
blackberry is grown, and examine the plants, and their pro-
ductiveness, as well as tiie size of the berries, and also to taste
the fruit. Unfortunately, we were unable to accept the
invitation, and we requested one of the gentlemen who was
present to send us some account of the fruit. As yet we
have received none ; but we find a brief notice of it, — by
Mr. Chas. Downing, who was one of the party, — ^in the
Country Gentleman^ which we copy, doubting not we shall
yet be favored with a more extended account of the berry : —
Mr. Downing says lie '* Visited several gardens, where it was
more or less grown, — in one, I should tlunk, to the extent of
half an acre, (but only one with good cultivation.) As to
vigor and productiveness I did not perceive any difierence,
except that the leaves were a little more serrated — size of
berry being fully equal, but rather larger—decidedly sweeter,
and an acquisition to this class of fruits. In one of the gar-
dens the Kittatinny and Lawtou were growing side by side,
. and apparently of the same age^ so that we had a tsix oppor-
tunity to eompare and examine them fully, and 1 MEsider

SEPTEMBER. 273

the Eittatinny the best blackberry I liave yet seen. It is said
to have been found in the town of Hope, N. J., near the base
of the Kittatinny mountains, hence its name." Mr. Downing
adds, tliat the quantity of berries on tlie bushes was immense,
and this too without cultivation.

New Muscat Grapes. — Mr. Rivers recently exhibited before
the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society several
varieties of Musk or Frontignan grapes, which are reported
upon as follows : — Among the subjects submitted to the Com-
mittee was a collection of white grapes, from Mr. Rivers, all
forms of what the French call " Muscats/' and the English,
" Frontignans." They hare round berries, whilst in what
are called Muscats, in this country, the berries are oval. The
Frontignans possess a Muscat flavor, a quality which is highly
developed in Clmsselas Musqu^. The great advantage of this
Chasselas is its being much earlier than true Muscats, and
ripening in a cooler temperature. It has, however, the bad
quality of cracking, but within the last few years a new race
lias been introduced, which do not inherit this drawback, and
of such Mr. Rivers's grapes consist. Of Early Golden Fron-
tignan, Muscat Solomon of the French, the great recommen-
dation is, that it is three' weeks earlier than the Black Ham-
burg, and produces bunches from twelve to eighteen inches
long. The color is golden, or, in fact, deep amber. Early
Smyrna, Muscat de Smyrna of the French, is another form of
White Frontignan, not so early as the preceding, but hardier,
and will probably succeed well out of doors — at all events it
will ripen well in the ordinary greenhouse. Early Silver
Frontignan has a larger berry, a very thin skin, and is eight
or ten days later than Early Golden Frontignan, and the
same number of days earlier than the Black Hamburg.
Muscat k gros grains from Bordeaux is remarkably early,,
much more sugary than the Black Hamburg, and a month
earlier. These had all been ripened on vines in pots set on
hot water pipes.

The Adirondac Grape. — At the time we now write (Aug.
20) this grape is quite well colored, and indicates very early
.maturity, before the Delaware, wliich is yet nearly green.
As this is the first vine which has ripened fruit in our imme-

VOL. XXXI. — NO. IX. 18

274 THE MAOAZmS OF HOBTICULTUBE.

diate vicinity we consider it as establishing the earliness of
this fine grape. Mildew and rot have been more serious this
year than usual, owing to the cold nights of the early part of
July : but the Adirondac seems to have escaped injury,
showing it quite as free from attack as other grapes.

Hale's Early Peach. — One of our young trees produced
just one peach, and this was ripe August 7th. We have no
doubt it is quite eight or ten days earlier than the Early
York, while it is about tiie same size, and nearly or quite
equal to it in quality. It is a very desirable acquisition.

THE SUMMER FLOWER GARDEN.

FROM THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

It is unnecessary for us to commend the following valuable
hints on the general treatment of the Summer Flower Garden.
We might enlarge upon some of the points, but Uiis we must
take the opportunity to do in a separate article. — Ed.

Our main purpose at present is to commend the Summer
Flower Garden, properly so called, to the consideration of our
readers. The whole broad country is a garden at that season
and that perhaps accounts for the fact that the appreciation of
the summer garden is often languid. And yet how beautiful
is the array of summer tribes. About the middle of June the
princely rhododendron hands over the floral sceptre to the
rose, the undisputed queen of all flowers ; and her train is
crowded by many fine shrubs, such as Spiraea arisdfolia, cal-
losa, &c. ; the white and yellow brooms, the dwarf Goluteas,
Robinia hispida, and the other Fapilionaceae of the middle
season, and there are hosts of herbaceous plants usually
so called. The early annuals, too, come into gay and lavish
bloom;, and towards the middle or the end of July the van
of the verbenas, lobelias, and gazanias makes its appearance.
Assuredly there is no lack of materials.

Let it be understood that for the Summer Flower Garden
we do not reconunend a separate enclosure, fenced off from

SEPTEMBER. 275

the rest of the grounds, though if there is any special reason
for that arrangement it need not be avoided. We should
prefer a portion of the flower garden, larger or smaller accord-
ing to the extent of the place or the taste of the* proprietor,
in which the summer tribes are to be itiore particularly if not
exclusively assembled, in order that for the time being they
• may produce a condensed effect. As the warm season makes
shade desirable, the summer flower plots may be appropri-
ately contiguous to the points where the kept grounds shade
ofiF into the park, and the transition between its lower denizens
and the lofty trees of the outer region may be efiected by the
taller shrubs, such as the Guelder rose, Buddlea globosa, the
Catalpa, Kobinia viscosa, and many others. It is delightful
to step readily from the glare of a summer sun to the shaded
windward of a flower garden, whither the faint breeze comes
loaded with perfume, cooled and softened as it were by the
umbrageous shelter of the spreading branches. The eye looks
forth from the shady place and sees everything in a finer dis-
tance and in a calmer light. In such delightful scenes all
the senses are regaled at once; the thoughts succeed each
other in sweet and gentle harmony; and even simple exis-
tence is felt to be a luxury.

The Summer Flower Garden, we venture to think, should
be mainly in the mixed style of ornamentation ; in other words,
it should be filled by shrubs, herbaceous plants and annuals,
skilfully combined and intermingled. This arrangement is
rendered necessary by the rose, which is its principal and
indispensable occupant. A summer garden without the rose
would hardly bo a garden at all. Of course it is well known
that roses are often planted in separate compartments, called
roseries, and that these compartments are laid out in parallel
or concentric beds. We cannot regard any roseries we have
ever seen as successful efforts of tlieir designers. Their
very structure gives them a stiff and formal look. As it was
remarked, we think by Mr. Rivers, the rose is not a graceful
shrub when out of flower ; and we^ may add it is not very
graceful even when in flower, only its glorious blossoms make
us forget everything else. Bows of rose bushes, whether in
straight or curved lines always reminds us of the old Linnean

276 THE MAGAZINB OF HOBTICULTUBE.

arrangements in botanic gardens, which, even when they
are without gaps, and are equally furnislicd, as they almost
never are, are among the dreariest things in gardening. By
all means let such foimal arrays of roses be discarded. But
nothing forbids grouping or massing of rose bushes where it
can be fitly done. AVhat charming beds one meets with of the
Common or Lane's Moss Rose, for example, of General Jac-
queminot, Scnateur Vaisse, and other Hybrid Perpetuals, and
where the climate is favorable, of the Tea-scented or the deep-
colored China sorts. With the ordinary scattered grouping of
roses, the finer shrubs above mentioned may be associated :
and combined with these the more showy herbaceous plants,
some of which do not mass well by themselves, such as the
Hybrid Potentillas, the tall Larkspurs, and many of the spe-
cies of Iris, may be copiously introduced. A few standard or
pillar roses — we say a few, for an excess of standard roses is
a nuisance — may be placed singly and in conspicuous places
on the lawns. A similar but subordinate use may be made of
some of the more striking herbaceous plants, such as Bud-
beckia purpurea, Veratrum nigrum, Bocconia cordata, Ascle-
pias syriaca, and various others.

But while we would adopt the mixed style of decoration
for the principal part of the Summer Flower Garden, we
we would strongly insist on the reservation of moderate
spaces for masses of particular plants. A nook, for instance,
should be kept for the fine hybrid varieties of Iris germanica
and other species. Another plot or border might be dedi-
cated to the numerous forms of P»onia albiflora, edulis,
tenuifolia, &c., many of which are exquisitely beautiful, and
unfortunately not yet so highly appreciated in the floricul-
tural world as they deserve to be. It is only, however, north
of London that these irises and psBonies bloom so late as
June, and therefore belong strictly to the summer garden.
The bulbous irises, both I. Xiphium and xiphioides are well
adapted for massing, and are very useful in skilful hands.
We also warmly recommend the numerous progency of Phlox
suffruticosa — many of which are remarkably fine, and afibrd
admirable materials for light airy grouping as well as mass-
ing. The plant is extremely hardy. It requires, however, a

SEPTEMBER* 277

cool moist situation ; and in dry localities it is greatly bene-
fited by being grown in a mixture of rotted turf and peat.
Tlie fine varieties of P. decussata hardly bloom within the
summer period. We beg our readers to allow us to recom-
mend to tliem the old-fashioned Sweet William. In our
humble opinion there is not a finer flower in the summer
garden. Were sucli a plant to be introduced in the present
day, tlio world would run wild about it. We do not, how-
ever admire the selection of a few prim Auricula-eyed vari-
eties ; and the plants grown in rows at the distance of a foot
and a-half from each other. Commend us to a good mixture
of all colors, allowed to. shoot up into flower in the seed bed.
As tliis practice may be deemed inadmissible in a well-kept
garden, where every space must be annually covered with
some flower or other, the same result may be obtained by
pricking out the plants in the place alloted to them at the
proper season. Hardly so fine, but still very fine indeed is
Dianthus sinensis Heddewigii, which may be treated much in
the same way, though it is of a more delicate constitution.
Certainly tlie greatest accession of recent date to flie flower
garden is to be found in the double and semi-double Pyre-
thrums, as yet comparatively little known ; they are emphati-
cally the coming flower of the day, and are destined to equal
if not to surpass the finest China asters, perhaps we might
even say the bulk of the China chrysanthemums. They are
quite hardy, of easy culture, and are well adapted to form
single plants, or groups, or masses, at the pleasure of the
cultivator.

We have merely skimmed the surface of our subject, so far
at least as plants are concerned. We intended to say some-
tliing of the hardy liliums, one of the noblest families of tlie
floral kingdom — ^yet what an insufficient use has been made
of them in the summer flower garden ! British botanists and
florists have done miserably little for them in tlie way of the
mtiltiplication of their roots. Good collections of lilies are
not at all common, even in botanic gardens of considerable
pretensions. Would that another Berbert would arise and
teach us something in regard to the lilials, as the truly ven-
erable Dean did in regard to the amaryllids.

278

THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

DAPHNE CNEORUM.

BT THB BDITOR.

It is rather remarkable that in the very general introduc-
tion of trees and shrubs, which have been added to our
collections, during the last twenty years, one of the most
beautiful should have been overlooked. This is the Daphne
cneorum, (pig. 11) a native of Switzerland and the Pyrenees,
where it grows abundantly, about a foot high.

11. DAPHNB CRKORUM.

A few years ago it was accidentally introduced into the
vicinity of New York, and was found to be perfectly hardy —
growing dwarf and compact, and flowering profusely, nearly
the whole summer. It was, of course, much sought after,
and the gardens in that neighborhood abound in handsome
specimens of this beautiful shrub. But beyond this locality
it is yet very little known, and is rarely to be seen. Within

8EPTEMBEQ. 279

a year or two it has found its way into some collections, but
is yet a comparatively new shrub.

The plant has slender shoots, small, pale green foliage, and
terminal clusters of small pinkish flowers, which are deliglit-
fully fragrant. Its habit is dwarf and compact, growing only
a foot or two high, but spreading out, and forming a dense
bush, several feet in circumference, covered with flowers
in May, and again in August and September. It flourishes
in the same soil as the Rhododendron and Azalea, and is
an admirable shrub to plant out with those, giving it a place
near the margin of the beds, where it will not be overgrown,
and where it will show its blossoms to more advantage.

It is now being extensively propagated by nurserymen, and
we hope soon to see it in every garden. We know of no
prettier object for the flower garden, the shrubbery, or the
American ground, in either situation growing freely, and
flowering in profusion. It also grows well in pots, and is just
the plant for forcing in winter, when its delicate and fragrant
blossoms are so desirable for bouquets, or adding to the
ornamentation of the greenhouse or conservatory. It is prop-
agated by layers or cuttings, or by dividing the roots. It
prefers a peaty soil.

FLORICULTURAL NOTICES.

Great Rose Show op the Rotal Horticultural SoaETY. —
This Exhibition took place July 1, and was one of the best
displays made of that beautiful flower the present season. As
showing what are now considered the best show roses, we give
the names of those which carried ofi" some of the prizes : —

In 24 kinds, Mr. Keynes was first, with Madame Chas.
Wood, Madame Boutin, General Jacqueminot, Madame C.
Crapelet, Madame Vigneron, Chas. Lefebre, Maurice Ber-
narden, Marechal Souchet, Madame Furtado, and Gloiro de
Vitry.

In the class of 18 new roses, we noticed Pierre Netting,
^eep violet shaded crimson; Rev. H. Dombrain; Charle-

280 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBB.

magne, deep rose ; Paul de la Milleraj ; Mareclial Niel ; Al-
paido de Botelier; Leopold Premier; Mareclial Souchet,
(Damazin) rosy carmine ; Soeiir des Anges, a beautiful pale
rose, almost white ; George Paul, fine bright red ; and Mad-
ame Victor Verdier, all fine. Among yellows, the beautiful
new Yellow Tea rose Marechal Niel was conspicuous ; others
consisted of Louise de Savoie, Cloth of Gold, Vicomptesse do
Cases, L'Enfaut Trouve, Narcisse and Celine Forester.

Climbing Deyoniensis Rose. — Mr. Rivers recently exhibited
tall specimens of this rose, which he states is only the old
Devoniensis. The vigorous habit in question, he stated to be
the result of double budding — fii^st the Manetti stock with a
fro6 growing hybrid perpetual, and then the latter with Rosa
Devoniensis. Buds taken from the latter, and treated in the
ordinary way, it was said, reverted to the old well-known
form of that fine English rose.

Cereus Macdonaldi^. — ^This large, showy, and superb
Cereus, has flowered abundantly in our collection the present
season, small plants, only two or three years old, and two feet
high, producing blossoms as much as ten or more inches in
diameter. It seems to be yet very little known. As showing
the estimation in which it is held by English cultivators, wo
copy the following account of it from the Gardeners' Chron-
icle: —

A magnificent Cereus, which bloomed first in 1851, was
figured a few years ago, at plate 4707 of the Botanic Magazine,
under the name of Cereus Macdonaldise, having been received
from Honduras, from Mrs. G^n. McDonald. A casual ob-
server, as Sir W. J. Hooker remarks, might pass the plant as
an unusually large flowered night blooming Cereus, but the
slightest inspection of the stem and branches, and nature of
the flower bud, the patent petals, and above all the great size
of the flowers — fourteen inches in diameter from the tip of
the sepals, and fourteen inches from the base of the calyx to
the top of the stigma — all indicate a most distinct species.
The plant is now out of flower, but a comparison of the two
species, even in this condition, i? quite enough to justify the
separation. Sir W. J. Hooker, in a letter, states that the plant

SEPTEMBER. 281

at Kew, covering a great extent of wall and the rafters of the
hothouse, has blossomed most freelj during the present sum-
mer. And Mr. Glover, foreman of the propagating houses at
Kew, has communicated the following memorandum on the
subject : The Cereus Macdonaldi», having flowered remarka-
bly well this season, I have ventured to trouble you with the
following note concerning it. The period of flowering has
extended over six weeks. Upon one occasion (May 80)
eleven blooms were expanded at one time ; upon another ten,
and several times seven blossoms were open in the evening.
During the month of May 37 blossoms expanded, and in June
46, making a total of 83 blooms. A great many more buds
were formed, but the plant had not the power to open them.
It is to be regretted that this and other sectional specimens
of the genus can be seen by those. only who watch the progress
of the flowers, and visit the house after sunset in the eveuuig,
or before sunrise in the morning.

We are surprised that any remark should be made in regard
to its specific distinctness. It is as unlike the Cereus grandi*
florus, both in growth and flower, as the C. crenatus. Our
plants had from two to three flowers open at once, and the
largest measured full fourteen inclies across. On one even-
ing we had the C. Macdonaldi», C. grandiflorus, and C.
nyctacaulis, a new and beautiful species, open at the same
time, and a grand display it was. C. grandiflorus is highly
fragrant, while the other two have no perceptible odor. C.
nyctacaulis, in its habit of growth, might be taken for the 0.
grandiflorus, but tiie flowers are blush white, not quite so
large as the latter, and have not the large sepals of the others.
It is, however, a fine acquisition, and worth having in every
collection of these singular growing but superb flowering
plants. C. MacdonaldisB grows very rapidly, is of the easiest
culture, will flourish perfectly in an ordinary greenhouse, and
plants two or three years old produce one or more flowers.

836. AucuBA JAPONICA Thunb. Japanese Aucuba. (Cor-
neas.) Japan.

A bair-hftrdy shrub ; crowbii six feet high ; with ictrlet berries ; increased by cutttofs; grown
In rich, li«hi soil. fiot. Mas., 18S5, pi. 5512.

This is the new Aucuba which we have already noticed in

282 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

a previous volume. As it is likely to become a popular plant
for pot culture, for ornamenting the lawn, or pleasure ground,
where it will not stand our winters, we copy the following
interesting account of it by Dr. Hooker : —

The Aucuba japonica affords a singular instance of the
great length of time that may elapse between the first infor-
mation of a remarkable plant being received, and an accurate
knowledge of it acquired. Tins plant was first introduced
from Japan in 1783, by a Mr. John GraflTee, but only the
female plant, and this under the well-known variegated form.
From that one plant, the millions, now scattered over Europe
and America, have been derived ; but it is only within the
last few years, that, thanks to Mr. Fortune, the male plant,
in its native un variegated form, has reached us. This, which
we hero figure, dilBTers in no respect except color, frona the
cultivated plant, and, except that it bears abundantly hand-
some scarlet berries, it would have no chance of rivalling in
popular estimation the variegated form.

Two other lessons may be learned from the history of the
Aucuba; first, that varieties may be, and indeed in many
cases, are as permanent as species. Of varieties^ that con-
sisting in discoloration of the foliage is supposed to be the
least characteristic and permanent. And yet the Aucuba
has retained its character unchanged through upwards of
eighty years, in Europe, America, and the Colonies ; and
probably through many centuries in Japan. Secondly, that,
though discoloration is usually attributed to disease, this may
not be so really ; for certainly the Aucuba has shown no sign
of deterioration since it was first introduced. Several curious
problems remain to be solved with regard to the Aucuba^
such as, whether the old variegated form will seed well if
impregnated by pollen of the uncolored, and whether its
seedling will be as strong and healthy as its offspring by
cuttings ; whether the uncolored form will ever sport and
become variegated, as many plants are apt to do on damp, clay
soils ; and whether the offspring of the uncolored and colored
forms will lend most to the one or the other of its parents.

It is curious to read that the Aucuba, when first introduced,
was treated as a stove plant, and even as late as 1809 was

8EPTEMBEB. 288

cultivated as a greenhouse plant in Great Britain. In our
climate it must be sheltered from zero weather, but may be
kept in a cool cellar or warm shed.' Any ordinary frost does
not hurt it, and south of New York it will be perfectly hardy,
and form a most magnificent addition to Collections, its fine
broad evergreen foliage being profusely decked with dense
clusters of very large oval deep scarlet berries. •

As a standard object for vases it will be a great acquisition.
It is readily propagated by cuttings, and is already quite
abundant in English nurseries. We hope to see it speedily
introduced into our gardens, where possibly it may prove
more hardy than the Well-known gold dust tree as it is often
called. {Bot. Mag.^ May.)

•837. Rhaphiolopis japonica, vab. interregina Sieb. Sf
Luc» Japanese Entire-leaved Rhaphiolepis. (Rosacero.)
Japan.

a half-hiirdy shrub; erawins three (bet hl«h ; with white flowpra ; appearing In •prloff;
increased by cuttlnca ; grown in sandy loam and peat. Bot. Mnv-t 1865, pi. 5510.

"A remarkably pretty plant, with thick, evergreen shining
leaves, and large, white odorous flowers. It is a native of
Japan and the Korean Islands, and was received at Kew from
the Royal Garden at Berlin. It has roundish leaves, and the
flowers appear in dense terminal panicles, somewhat in the
way of a rhododendron. Nothing is said about its hardiness,
but, coming from Japan, we suppose it to be at least half--
hardy. It is certainly a very pretty shrub. (^BoL Mag.j
May.)

838. Verbena VAR. Populare. Variegated leaved Ver-
bena.

Garden hybrid var. 10. Hortl. 1665, pi. 434.

This is a very pretty variegated leaved variety, an accidental
seedling or sport among the English cultivators. It has
scarlet flowers, and the edge of every leaf is elegantly mar-
gined with gold, giving it a unique ^nd attractive appearance,
and making a conspicuous object, trailing over the ground,
displaying its scarlet blossoms on a bed of green and gold.
It has not, we believe, been introduced into our collections.
{lU. Horl., April.)

284 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

839. Camellia japonica var. Abchduchbsse Ehenne. Gar-
den Hybrid.

A sreenhouae plant. III. Hort-, 1865, pi. 434.

A handsome variety, with rather large and bold petals,
imbricated to the centre, full, and of a pale delicate rose
color, veined, and slightly pencilled with rose. It is one of
the " gains '* of M. Verschaffelt, and has a vigorous habit,
flowering constantly and early. It bears a very great resem-
blance to the sports which we often see on C. Feastii, or still
more to the Triumph of Baltimore, which it also resembles
in the foliage. It may possibly have been one of these sports,
fixed by grafting. (JIL HorL^ April.)

itntral Itotitts.

Transplanting Evergreens. — As the best season for moving ever-
greens is at hand, the planter, especially if economy of space is an object,
mast study well beforehand every step which he intends to take ; and every
plant he commits to the soil should have been previously well considered in
reference to its ultimate growth and effect. The inexperienced are too apt
to plant without forethought, and many of the objects which they looked
forward to admire, are killed or smothered by others of more rapid and
luxuriant growth. They should therefore endeavor to make themselves
acquainted wirh the dimensions plants are likely to attain. Small gardens
require great skill in the distribution of the different subjects with which
they are to be ornamented, and much judgment should be exercised in the
selection of them ; therefore, instead of attempting to produce quantities of
one kind of plant to the exclusion of others, it would be more satisfactory
to limit the number of any particular kind, and thereby afford space for
greater variety. The planter ought especially to avoid the too abundant
introduction of coarse growing plants ; on the other hand, however, he need
not confine himself to too small plants ; these would produce a monotonous
effect— (Oarrf. Chron.)

Ztgopetalum Mackati. — ^This is a fine winter blooming orchid. The
length of time it lasts in bloom makes it a valuable plant for decorative
purposes. To make plants suitable for thb purpose they should be divided
if required, and potted in good rich fibrous peat, in eight or ten-inch pots,
with moderate drainage. This should be done in spring. It is a strong
growing species, throwing up flower spikes with the young growth during
the latter part of the summer, and flowering in December and January.
The flowers are deliciously fragrant, and last some weeks in perfection.

8EPTEMBEB. 285

As they make the most part of their g^wth during the winter they should
have a moderate supply of water, and that, when required, should be applied
in the morning. The flower spikes grow about three feet in height, and
the flowers are about four inches across, the sepals and petals greenish
yellow, mottled and spotted with brownish crimson ; the tip large, nearly
round, recurving at the point, peach white, beautifully striped and covered
with rich violet A few plants will perfume a house ; each spike bears
seven or more flowers. This species will do well in a cool house ; the
temperature in winter should range from 40^ to 50^ by night, with a rise
during the day, a little air being given in mild days, and admitted just over
the . pipes, and not by the side lights, on a level with the stakes, as the
cold air coming in contact with the plants, is apt to be very injurious to
their growth. The temperature in summer must be guided by the weather.
If hot and dry give an abundance of air and moisture, and dispense with
fire heat There are many varieties of this plant, some inferior to the one
described. The following species are well worth growing, viz., Z. brachy-
petalum, Z. crinitum, Z. crinitum cieruleum, Z. maxillare, Z. stcnochilum.
These are all free flowering kinds, chiefly flowering in the winter months,
and they require similar treatment to that recommended for Z. mackayi. —
(Qard. Chron.)

BoifAPAKTiA JuifctA — A Specimen of this graceful leaved stove plant
is now in flower here, in a 19-inch pot The flower spike first showed
itself on the 29th of May, since which time it has continued to lengthen
very rapidly, and is now five feet long. The first flower opened on the 5th
of July. The plant has been here upwards of thirty years. Three years
ago it was shifted into its present pot, and many of the loose roots that had
been formed cut away. It was repotted in peat and loam. — (Gard. Chron.)

Snchtits.

WOaCESTCR COUNTY HORTICULTURAL.

This flourishing society will hold its 26th Annual Exhibition at Horti-
cultural Hall in Worcester, commencing on Tuesday the 19th, and con-
tinuing to the 22d. The schedule of prizes has been issued, and liberal
premiums are ofibred for fruits, flowers, and vegetables. Among the
premiums are the following: —

For the best collection of apples, 6 specimens each, $10. *

For the best 20 varieties of apples, 12 of each, $8.
For the best 12 varieties of apples, 12 of each, $6.
For the best collection of pears, 6 of each, $10.
For the best 25 varieties of pears, 12 of each, $8.
" For the best 10 varieties of pears, 12 of each, $6.

With second and third prizes for the same fruits, and liberal prizes for
grapes, flowers, vegetables, &c.

286 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBB.

AMCRICAIf IIf8TITUTE.

The 36th Annual Fair of the Association will he held at the Annory on
Fourteenth Street, New York, from Septerabef 12 to October 19, 1865.
Liberal premiums are offered, of which the following are the nKist im-
portant : —

Best 20 varieties of apples, 5 of each, silver cup, $20.

Second best 20 varieties of apples, 5 of each, silver plate, $15.
Best 15 varieties of apples, 5 of each, silver cup, $15.

Second best 15 varieties of apples, 5 of each, silver plate, $10.
Best 30 varieties of pears, 5 of each, silver cup, $20.

Second best 30 varieties of pears, 5 of each, silver plate, $15.
Best 15 varieties of pears, 5 of each, silver cup, $15.

Second best 15 varieties of pears, 5 6f each, silver plate, $10.
Best collection of native grapes, 3 bunches each, silver cup, $15.
Second best collection of native grapes, 3 bunches each, silver
plate, $10.
Best collection of grapes, grown under glass, not less than 6 vane-
tics, silver plate, $15.
Second best, $5.
Best collection of plants in pots, silver cupj $25.
And numerous other prizes, from $5 to $10 each.
Also, the Townsend premium for the best table decorations, not more
than 3 pieces, and not over 18 inches high, silver plate, $25.

All the fruit must be brought in on or before Monday, September 18th.

MW ENOLAirD HORTICULTDIUL.

The Second Exhibition of this new Society will be held at Concord,
N. H., on the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th of September, 1865.

In addition to the numerous agricultural products for which premiums &re
offered, are the following, in the horticultural department: —
Applks. — Largest, and best collection of named sorts, 3 of each, $15.

Best 12 varieties, 6 of each, $10.
Pears. — Largest and best collection of named sorts, 3 of each, $15.

Best 12 varieties, 6 of each, $10.
Grapes. — Best new seedling, equal to Isabella, $15.

Best display of native grapes, $15.

Best display of foreign, $15.
With smaller premiums and prizes for flowers, dLc.

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL.

'The Thirty-Sizth Annual Exhibition of thb Society will be held in the
new Horticultural Hall, in Tremont Street, commencing on Tuesday, the
19th of September, and continuing till Saturday. It is expected that the
display will be large, and very fine. The Halls are ample to accommodate'
all the exhibitors.

SEFTEHBSB. 287

iorlicultel Operations

FOR SEPTEMBER.
FRUIT DEPARTMENT.

The drought of July has continued through August, for, with the excep-
tion of a few showers, the ground has not been wet to the depth of four
inches since spring. Trees begin to suffer, and in some dry soils are
entirely leafless.

Vines in die earliest houses, intended for fruiting, in February or
March, should now be well pruned, washed, and put in order for growing.
Clean, rake, and dig the border. At this season very little fire heat will be
required, only on cold nights, or long continued damp weather. A tem-
perature of 56® to 60** will do for September. Vines in the grapery or
greenhouse, will be ripening their fruit, which should be gathered in the
latter place before the plants are put in. In the grapery they may be
allowed to hang till Christmas. Cut away all superfluous laterals, and give
abundance of air to thoroughly ripen the wood and fruit. Vines in cold
houses will begin to mature, and as this is perceived air more freely, there
being less danger of mildew now. Keep the laterals topped and tied in.
Hardy vines have suffered from the mildew in many localities this year.
Where this is the case, the crop will be of little value ; but where they
have not, there is little danger after this.

Strawberry Beds, both old and new, will require attention. Old beds
should be kept clear of weeds, and when the runners are extending too
rapidly they may be cut ofC New beds may be made in September.
Owing to the drought the month of August was unfiivorable. Get the
ground ready, and proceed with the work as soon after a good rain as
possible.

Peach Trees should bo budded.

Orchard-House Trees should be sparingly watered now, so as to get
a full crop of well-ripened wood. Keep them in a sunny, warm aspect

Pear Trees may still be pruned, cutting off superfluous laterals as
they appear, but preserving the terminal shoots, to be sbortened-in in
spring. '

FLOWER DEPARTMENT.

The month of September is a very busy time, for many of the plants
should be housed early, and very few are safe after the 25th of the month.
Proceed at once to put the houses in order, repairing the flues, if they need
it, cleaning the wood work, and destroying insects. Prepare a good heap
of compost for potting or repotting all such plants as require it Continue
to collect soils, and get frames ready for receiving all such plants as can
remain in them until severe weather.

Camellias should be removed to the house by the 25tli of the month.
Attend to the preparation of the plants by washing, staking, pruning out
dead wood, &c. Wash every pot before it goes into the house.

288 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTUBE.

Azaleas, kept growing late, Bhonld now be watered less, and removed
to tlie open air in a half shady place, where they can ripen the wood and
set their buds. Very youni; stock may be kept growing.

Chrtsanthemi'ms should now have an abundance of water, and liqniii
manure twice a week.

Callas should now be repotted and freely watered.

CiifRRAiiiAS should be kept in a frame as long as the weather will admit.
Fumigate for the green fly. ^

Chinese Primroses should be kept in a frame and receive more light
and warmth. Cuttings may be put in now.

Pelargoniums should now be repotted ; shake the old plints out of the
soil, put into smaller pots, and place in a frame where they can be protected
from heavy rains and the hot sun. Pot off cuttings and treat in the same
manner.

fiouvARDiAS, planted out in the open ground, should be taken np and
potted.

Bedding Plants of all kinds should be propagated this month: a frame
or old hotbed is the best place for this purpose.

Cyclamens should be repotted.

Orange Trees should be housed early, before very c6bl nights.

Heaths should be potted and have the protection of a frame.

Monthlt Carnations should be potted.

Neapolitan Violets should be potted and placed in a cold frame.

Stocks for winter blooming should be potted, and placed in a frame till
well rooted.

Nemopbila and other winter-flowering annuals should now be planted
and placed in a frame.

Plants of all kinds for winter blooming should now be looked over, re-
potted if they require it, tied up, pruned, and put in order for the house.

FLOWEE garden AND 8HRUBBERT.

The very severe drought has given a yellow hue to the lawn, and checked
its growth so much that mowing will hardly be required until after rain.
Roll at once after wet weather. Clean, rake and roll the walks. Now is
a good time to remove evergreens.

Carnations and Picotebs should be watered if the weather continues^
dry.

Dahlias should be carefully pruned of superfluous laterals and the shoots
tied up as they advance in growth : water freely.

HoLLTUocKS may be propagated from cuttings. Seed sown in boxes
and wintered in the house will produce plants which will bloom next year.

Pansixs may be propagated from cuttings, and seeds may be planted for
spring blooming.

PjEONiES may be transplanted this month.

Japan Lilies, now in bloom, will remain in perfection mnch longer i^
protectod from the hot sun and heavy dews.

White Lilies, and other kinds done blooming, may be reset this month*

Tiger Flowers, Tuberoses and other tender bulbs should be taken up
before frost

DUTCH

BULBOUS FLOWEB BOOTS.

We bavejuet received per Steamship ATrtca^ a large and select asBonnient of ihe aboire
fjivorite flowering plants, from one of the most celebrated Florists in Hoi land » and the
^ame source as Ihoac hereto fora sold by us^ which have given such perfect j^alie faction.

The Msorttnent embraces the finest

Double and Sing^le Hyacinths;

Early Single, Double* and Late Tulips;

Polyanthus Narcissus;

Double and Single Narcissus;

Jonquils;

Crocus, New Varieties;

Crown Imperials;

Iris, English and Spanish;

Snowdrops; Hardy Gladiolus; SciUas;

Japan, and other LilieSi &c. &c.

AH liie vanetiee of which were selected by ua^ and can be relied upon aa beinj; of the
b^t description and qaality*
Also a fine a^ortment of

GREENHOUSE BULBS,

CYCLAMENS, IXIAS, OXALIS, SPARAXIS,
TRITONIA, TRITELEA, &.C. 4.C.

Our Deacriptive Cntitlogue, containing full directiorta for the Cultivation of Bulba in
t^c open ground und in pota, mailed to dl applieanls on the receipt of a Ihree cent atamp.

HOVEY & CO.
No, 53 North Uarket Street* Bostoa.

^dH

pfE^^^ ^vou-k:

0!T THE

ORCHARD-HOUSE

CORDON TRAINING OF FRUIT TREES

FOR THE

ORCHAKD-HOUSE AND OPEN AIR.

By T. COLLINGS BREUAUT.

WITH A

SUPPLEMENT

COIfTAlNIHO

HEMABKS OM^ COEBON TRAIMTNG OF THE PEAE ; THE CULTIVATION

AND PEUWING OF PEACH TEEB8 m POTS; TffiE BEST

VAEIETIES OF FEIJITS FOE POT CULTTJEE;

SUB

GEKERAL EEMARKS ON OECHAEB-HOtJSES AD APTEB TO THE CLIMATE

OF THE irarrEB states.
BY C. M. HOVEY,

PaiLiilft>&|ft OF TH% KASSACBUaE'ITS KOJtTlCtfLTUIlAL SOl^lETt ;

1 vol,, octavo. Price, $1,25.

This volntne contains;, in addition to the Jarge experience of Mr, Brehaut* t\l iJic tnft»r^
inalion needful for the caltjvotor to succeasfully ctillivaie the peach tree rn pt^i*, ^ *^><^
Editor* witli st^lectioiis of the beat fraita adapted to the Orchard-Houae and Pot CnHiir^

Published by Hovey & Co., 53 North Market St , BoitoiL

^tf^k

Fifth Series. YoL L

THB

MAGAZINE

HORTICULTURE,

BOTANY,

AXD A1.L, USBFITL D1SCOVKR1K3 AND IMPROVEMENTS

IS EtTEAL AFFAIEa

'' Je Tvadr&ij f«tt»fi9^ tout Puntnirf dir moi goAt pour kfl Jnr^lni. II mt Pvmtile qu'lL tut
liiilHHKSblff^ qu' un na 6okiiitit puiMe l'»Toir. H a^e*t polDi de Tortus quo jc no iUp|H!K»c ilk. i?el ui qui
«Jitifl 1 pUfW ct ik f&lrc d«e JafdloM. Ter^ da dmlUv, tmpirei ■» jKnJlumzwnici ^ tos i^nfimH/'

No. CCCLXX.
OCTOBER, 1865.

EDITED BY 0. M. HOVEY,

AmiOR OK TIIK KUriTS OF AMERICA.

neitisiUKT HDan or riit iioiTiciTLruiL«L soaam or unKtiakn, *tw uvta, xnr
fiftraiD, woxcuTuii, nocainn, >«irrjiU>, curtura, wtumoTOit. no. no.

BOSTON:
rOBLISIIED BY HOVET & CO,
63 NOHTM MARKET STREKT, OFFOSTUB ¥ANBUIL HALt-
TWO DOLL 4 US A TEAR*

VOU KXXL

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

FIFTH SERIES. VOL. I.--OR, VOL. XXXL
Efftablished in 1635.
TERMS:
Onk CowTt ojfK TKAm, invaHably in advance^ - - Two Dollai».

PODH €QF\^9t ** *' ii u _ _ SevE?* DoLUiftd,

VoLVtiE raft 1863, TlnndsomeJy Bound in Clptli.

Two Dollahs, Fifty Ce?(ts<
VoLUMKH far I860, '61, *6Q, ^63, '64, buund, irjd

Subecription for 1865, _---*»-- Fourtfes DuLLAJta.
CoMFLETK Sets, in 30 voluTnea, bouud, ^ - - Firtir DoLtAHS*
MABATiiTff^ and HonTicuLToniST, OTJe year, - Four Dollam.

" ** GARDEfreiia* Mo!<thly', t^ne year.

Three Dollarbi SEVEWTTf^FiFE CistiTs,
** *' the Three Mognzinee,

, FiTE Doi.L4iis» Sf^vei^ty Five Ckwts*

Sif4eL« CaFJEs, ' .--,- Twenty CirtTa*

A full set of the MagRzlne fbrnii ft complete Encyclopedia of Horti-
culture^ cnih racing e?ety subject connected ^ixh the Garden, and is a
Library in itaelf. Addreaa,

HOVBT & CO.y Fubliahera,
53 NoHTB Market St» BosTim.

CONTENTS.

L Preservinff Frvut, - SfiSI

2. Pouiological Go*>Bip, 25^

3. M. L'H^rauIt's Mode of Cullivating Asparagus. From the

Gardeners^ Chronicle, * * - - * ^ - 29*?

4* Floricnliural Notices, _ ^ « . - , - 307

5. General Notices, _ - 30*»

6. Ma^aachusetts Horticultural Society, - - , - - 310

7. Horticukural Operations for October, - - - - 3JH

Cash Advertising Terms for 1865.

One page, each insertion, $20 00. Half page, each insertion, $10 00*
tiesa than half page, 25 cents per line, each insertion.
3d and 4th Cover pages, $30 per pnge.
Each page oontaina 85 lines of space. No discount allowed from theae
rates.

Advertisements, to insure insertion, should be sent to the publishers by
the 23d of tiie month preceding that in which they are to apwar. Ad-
vertisers will please specify the amount of room they wish their advet-
tiseroenta to occupy, and the number of times to be inserted.

Addreaa HOVEV Si. CO.,

53 North Marxkt Stkebt^ BoaTnii.

{E/^Thfi Postage Qu the Magazine iw H ots.; if paid m adTancep qnar-
>rly, IS

lerly, 12 cts. a year.

Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Itortidultufe.

NEW GRAPES.

WB OPPXE F0& FAIX SALES A SPLCPDID LOT OP
C058I8TIIfO LARGELY OP THE KEWBE SORTS:

lONA, ADIRONDAC, ISRAELLA, DELAWARE.

ALSO, A VERT FIIIE STOCK OP

Craeordt HartfoWl Prolific, Diana, Rebecca, CreTelinf , Allm*s Hybrid,
Bofcrs' Hybrids, Uiiioii Tlliag:e, ifcc., &c.

Oor vines have been grown with the greatest care frop Lovers and Single EyU, in the
open air, and in large beds noder glass, thus producing an abundance of well-developed
branchy roots.

The plants are remarkably strong and healthy, ft>ee from mildew, and cannot fail to
give the best satisfaction.

Orders b^ the single* plant, hundred, or thousand, will receive our most careful attention.
> Descriptive Catalogues, and Wholesale List for the Trade, sent on receipt of three-
cent stamp.

T. C. IIAXWELL ft BBOTHEBS.

GeiutM^A*. T., August, 1865. Sept— St.

ADIEOBfDAG GRAPE VXBIES.

1 Year, No. 1, very strong,

1 "

" 9, strong, .

2 "

" 1, very strong,

a «

" 9, strong, •

3 "

^ 1, pruned for fruiting,

3 «

u o U U u

each, $3.00— doz.

$1^.00.

•* 1.50 «

15.00.

" 4,00 «

saoo.

« aoo •«

98.00.

« 6.00 "

60.00.

** 5.00 «

50.00.

▲LSO,

lona, laraella, Allen'9 BybrM, Coneord, CreTettiigr)

Cuyahoga, Pelaware, Diana, Hartfblrd, lIEaiatawMjr'^

HUlea, Rebecca, Rog^en' Ifos. 1^ S, 4, Iff, 19, SS,

Shernum, Telegrraph, Vttion Tillage, Teddo.

Soperior vines, at the lowM prices, sent securely packed by mad of expreM. Send
ibr Trade Circular and Descriptive Catalogue. Address

jomi w. BA2t«r,

PLAt^tBOH, CUMTON 00., V. T.

2 Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

STANDARD PEARS!

£2x11*8; XT'ine Stock for Fall (Sales!

We offer for Fall, 1865, an exteosiTe and superior stock of
Grown with the f reatest care on oar strong clay and gravel loam,

The Best Soil in the World to produce a strong healthy tree.

FOR

EXTENT, VARIETY, QUALITY,

We believe oar Stock to be unsurpassed.

AIJL THE IiEilJM]¥« SORTS IN IjARGE SUPPLIT.

We have also a large and varied assortment of all the best sorts,

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS,
GRAPE VINES, ROSES, BEDDING PLANTS, &c..

T. C. MAXWELL & BB0THER8.
Oeners, IT. Y., Aug. let, 1866. Aag.--dt.

CHOICE CRAPE VINES.

HOVEY & CO.

Othr for sale the following supericNr varieties of Grape Vines, of strong and vigoroas

growth, and fine roots.
Allen's Hrsaio, 1,6, and 3 year old vines of this new, well-known and superb white grape.
IsBABLLA, 1 and 2 year old vines of this new grape, with bunches of large size, aind

ripening very early.
loNA, 1 and 2 vear old vines of this excellent sort, which has ripened this year as early

as the Delaware.
Adiroisdac, 1, 2, and 3 year old vines. This variety is earlier than Hartford Prolific,

and nearly or quite equal to the Hamburgh.
CaEVELLiNo, 1 and 2 year old vines of this fine grape, which is becoming more highly

appreciated every year.
Delaware, 1, 2, and 3 year old vines of this popular and well-known variety.
DiAifAi 1, 2, and 3 year old vines of this high-flavored and excellent sort

Also, a fine stock of 1, 2, and 3 year old vines of
HARTFOBD PBOLIFIO,

VNIOIX VILLAGE,

FBAMINGHAM,

BEBECCA.

BOGERS, JSfo. 4 and 15.

OONOOBD.
All well-known and popular grapes, grown in the open ground, without forcing, with
well-ripened wood and strong roots.

Full descriptive catalogues of Fruit Trees, Grape Vines, Strawberries, &C., sent to all
applicants, on the receipt of a 3 cent stamp.

Addrtwa HOVEY & CO.,

' ' ' ' 53 NoRTB Hakkxt Stebbt, BoitMt.-

Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

TO THE TRADE.

JAPAN LILIES.

HOVEY & CO.

NO. 63 NOBTH MABKET STBBET,
BOSTON,

Offer for sale one of the largest Collections of the splendid Japan Lilies, inchidmg many
of their fine seedlings, which have been increased in sufficient quantity to offer to the
trade. Th<;ee Seedlings have been produced by hybridization with our hardiest kinds
and are much stronger growers than the original species, throwing up stems five feet
high, containing from fifteen to twenty flowers.

The prices by the dozen are as follows : —

Laneifolium album, pure white, .........mOO

^ punctaturo (true), with delicate pink spots, - • - - - 9 00
^ rosenm, rose-spotted, --•-.....400

" rubrum, crimson-spotted, 400

** selected seedlings, very finely spotted, • • - - • 4 00

Melpomene, with deep blood-colored spots, - • - - • - -1500

Terpsichore, large, rosy crimson spots, 900

Urania, blush- tinged and crimson-spotted, .......900

Thalia, spotted with ruby, 900

Eva, distinct, dwarf, rosy lilac spots, ....... -900

I^moifolimn, rubrum and roseum, by the 100 or 1000 at liberal rates.

▲L80, THE FOLLOWIIfG FINS LILIES BT THE DOZEN: —

L. Brownii, a superb white flower, trumpet-shaped, six inches long, - - • 19 00
Eximna, true, very large trumpet-shaped white flowers, - - - - 4 00
Groom's Hybrid, with deep blood-colored and spotted flowers, - - . 5 00
Soperbum, a splendid lily, red and orange-spotted, six feet high, - - - 4 00

Candidum, the old white lily, 200

Longiflorum, with very large white trumpet-shaped flowers, . • - 2 00

Tigrinia, (Tiger lily,J ..... -...150

Martagon, various colors, -..-....--460
Chalcedonicum, with small scarlet flowers, - - - -,- • - 400

Bulbs ready for delivery October 10th.

The months of October and November is the best season fbr planting these Lilies in
the open ground. For cultivation in pots, they should be planted at the sune time, and
be wintered in a firame, protected ftom severe frosts, or they may be kept dry till February
and then potted. They will then bloom beatitiftilly in July and August No plants oi
recent intitHiuctioq. are more yalua^Q t)^^ the Japat^ I^ief. Aug.

4 AdtV$rii$ing SAeet of the Mag. q/ Horticulture.

250,000 PEAB TREES.

We have an immense stock of first quality

STANDARD AND DWARF PEAR TREES,

Suitable for transplanting in Orduxrda and Gardens.

Also an extensive stock of Second and Third sizes, suitable to transplant into
Nursery row$^ and grow two to three years to form fine and extra-sized trees, any of
which will be sold by the 100 or 1000 at the lowest rates for the same quality.

For description and prices, address, with stamp inclosed,

FBOST & CO.,

GENESBE PALLET NURSERIES,
Sept. BOCHSSTSB, N. 7.

FHOST & CO.,

GENESEE VALLEY NURSERIES,

lEtoozxss'rsx^, 1ST. •y.,

OFFBR Alt IMMBRSE STOCK OF WXLL O E O W R

STANDARD AND DWARF FRUIT TREES,

SMALL FBLUITS,
ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, &C.

FOft THB

-A.XTTXT]MC3iT OF 1835.

Nearly POUR HUNDRED ACRES are occupied in their cultivation. The public
are solicited to examine the following Catalogues, which give full particulars of their
Stock, Prices, Sfc., and will be mailed Prepaid to all applicants on receipt of ^ive cents
for each.

Nos. 1 & 2. — Descriptive Catalogne of Fruits and Ornamental Trees.

No. 4. — Wholesale Catalogue for Nurserymen, Dealers, and othefB, who wish to buy
in large quantities.

Address •

FROST & CO.,

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

TtinnaBan Nuraeriea, Flushings L. L

PRINCE Sl Ca will send five Catalogues of difierent departments to applicanti who

enclose stamps for each.

Fruit and Ornamental Trees and Shrubberies; Small Fruits ; Grapes:
Bulbous Flowers ; PsBoni^s ; Strawberries, 250 yarietio0^ m miriya *
OoUeotion» at redt^oed prices.

Advertising Sheet of the Mtig. of Horticulture. i

PRIZE STRAWBERRIES.

HOVEY & CO.,

58 NORTH MARKET STREET, BOSTON,

Offer for sale fine strong plants of the following varieties of Strawberries, which include
all the new kinds that have been tried, both Native and Foreign ; —

LA CONSTANTE.

One of the largest and very finest kinds. Obtained the $35 Silver Cap at Belmont,
and one of the four sorts which obtained the $Q0 prize offered by the Massachusetts Hor-
ticultural Society. Five years trial have proved it to be the finest Foreign Strawberry,
and a productive and profitable market fruit. Plants, 50 cts. per doz., $3 per hundred.

AGRICULTURIST.

The prize berry in New York, and believed to be a productive, large and fine variety.
Plants, $1.50 per dozen.

RUSSELL'S PROLIFIC.

A large and productive berry of fair quality. 50 cts. per doz., |3 per 100.

BUFFALO SEEDLING.

Very similar to Russell's Prolific in size and quality. Plants, 50 ets. per do&, $3 per
100.

FRENCH'S SEEDLING.

A good sized early strawberry, which is said to be productive and profitable. 50 cts.
per dozen.

LENNING'S WHITE.

A real white strawberry, productive, fair sized, and of good flavor. 50 cts. per doz.

GREEN PROLIFIC.

A large and productive variety, light scarlet, and fair quality. 50 cts. per doz.

ALSO,

LUCINDA PERFECTA, with large fruit ;
P ROG R KSS, fruit large, scarlet ;
PROGMORE'S LATE PINE, large and good;

WHITE PINE APPLEi and DEPTFORD WHITE, $1 per doz.
ADMIRAL DUNDAS.

The largest strawberry grown, measuring 6 to 8 inches in circumference. $1 per doz.

EMPRESS EUGENIE, very large; MARGUERITE, very large; EMMA, WON-
DERFUL, AMBROSIA, NAPOLEON III., DUG DE MALAKOFF, OSCAR, &c.,
at 50 cts. per doz.

HOVEY'S SEEDLING.

One of the largest, finest, and most productive varieties in cultivation ; one of the van-
etiep which obtained the $30 prize. Plants, $1.50 per 100.

BOSTON PINE.

A large, early, productive, and delicious variety. Plants, $1.50 per 100.

BRIGHTON PINE, JENNY LIND, AUSTIN, SCOTT'S SEEDUNG, and TRI-
OMPHE DE GAND, at $1.50 per 100.
Ready for delivery, August 20th, and safely packed for transportation to any part of
the country. Address,

HOVET & CO.

53 NoKTH Market Street, Boston, Mass.

Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

DUTCH

BULBOUS FLOWER ROOTS.

The assortment embraces the finest

Bonble and Single Hyacinths;

Early Single, Double, and Late Tulips;

Polyanthus Narcissus ;

Double and Single Narcissus ;

Jonquils ;

Crocus, New Varieties;

Crown Imperials ;

Iiis, English and Spanish;

Snowdrops; Hardy Gladiolus; Scillas;

Japan, and other Lilies, &c, &c.

All the varieties of which were selected by us, and can be relied upon as being of the
best description and quality.
Also a fine assortment of

GREENHOUSE BULBS,

coiffPRisiiie

CYCLAMENS, IXIAS, OXALIS, 8PARAXI8,
TRITONIA, TRITELEA, &c. Sue.

Onr Descripdve Catalogue, containing fall directions for the Cultivation of Bulb* in
the open ground and in pots, mailed to all applicants on the receipt of a three cent stamp.

HOYEY & GO.
No. 53 North Market Street, Boston.

Advertising' Sheet of the M(ig. of Horticulture.

EW YELLOW TEA ROSE:

CATHERINE SPRtlNT.

A constant and abundant bloomer, with the habit and free-growmg qaalities of Tea
Saffitmo—of which it is a seedling — and differing only in the color of flower, which is
invariably of a pure deep sulphur yellow.

This is an excellent winter-flowering Rose, and a great acquisition in bouquet making.
Strong one year old plants, established in pots, will be sent out at $2 each ; larger plants,
$3 tat5 each ; as soon as subscriptions for one thousand plants are received.

Orders booked and sent strictly in rotation.

ISAAC Bp-CHANAN, Floristt

9 West 17th Street, New York.
Oct.— 2t

Grape Vines for Vineries.

HOVET & CO.

Offer for sale one of the largest and most complete collections of Foreign Grapes
in the country, embracing every popular variety of merit, all raised from eje» fh>m
oor own bearing vines, and true to name, as follows: —

Black Hamburgh, * Canadian Chief,

Black Hamburgh, Wilmot's No. 16, Muscat de Sarbelle,

Black Hamburgh, Wilmot's, Muscat Madeira,

Victoria, Muscat St Laurent,

Mill Hill Hamburgh, Purple Sweet Water,

White Fronti^rnan, Champion Hamburgh,

Grizzly Frontignan, Muscat of Alexandria,

Black Frontignan, Tottenham Park Muscat, •

Chasselas of Fontainebleaa, Macready's Early White,

Black Prince, Zinfindaf,

Lombardy, White Nice,

West's St Peters, Reigne de Nice,

Gros Bleu, Syrian,

Barbaroesa, White Tokay,

Muscat Blanc Hatif, Golden Hamburgh,

Bowker, Pope Hamburgh,

Trentham Black, Austrian Muscat

Muscat Hamburgh, Prolific Sweetwater,

Bowood Muscat, Caillaba,

Royal Muscadine, Richmond Villa,

Chaptal. Trebbiana,

Lady Downes. Marchioness of Hastings,

Moranct, Canon Hall Muscat
Decandolle,

Fine strong vines, one and two years old, in pots, ready for immediate planting.
Prioes en a^lkstkuL 53 Nostb Maert Strxst.

8 Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

Choice Collections of Flower Seeds for 1866.

SENT BY MAIL, POST PAID.

For the convenience of parchasers, who are not fkroiHar wifk the tanoos kindi of
flowers, or who prefer not to select for themselves, we offer the following Collections or
Assortments all of our own selection ; 'they are composed of the most esteemed and
popular varieties, such as are really showy and best calculated for ornamental effect gen-
erally. The smaller collections, as the names of some of the species mentioned indi-
cate, consist of very choice first class flowers. ,

All the collections wUl be forwarded to any part of the country by mail, post paid, oa
receipt of the amount annexed to each, viz. : —

COLLECTION
No. 1. 20 varieties of the most showy and favorite Annuals, .... fl>00

No. 2. 10 varieties of extra fine Annuals, including choice French Asters, mixed;
splendid Camellia Balsams, mixed ; extra Double German Stocks ; se-
lect large Pansies, extra fine Petunias, die, - - - - - 1.00

No. 3. 20 varieties of fine Biennial ahd hardy Perennial Herbaceous Plants, - LOO
No. 4. 20 packets of choice and netv Annuals and Perennials, .... 2.00

No. 5. 50 varieties of the most popular Annuals, ...... 2.00

No. 6. 100 varieties of Annual, Biennial and Perennial Flowers, including many

which are new and choice varieties, - - : . . 5,00

No. 7. 15 varieties of choice Seeds, suitable for ^rreenhonse and parlor cukure,

including choice Calceolaria, Cineraria, Chinese Primrose, Geraniam, &^ 3.0C

HOVEY & CO.,
53 North Market Strkkt, Bostoh.

AZALEA INDICA.

HOVEY &. CO.

Offer for sale a large and superior collection of Chinese Azaleas, comprising upwards of

50 varieties, and including all the choice and new kinds, recently iptroduced. Oar

stock embraces such as

Criterion, delicata, Model, Reine des Panachees, President, Rubens, Beauty of Europe,
crispiflora, Baron de Vreece, PeHection, Roi I^opold, Gem, PetunsBflora, narcissiflora,
Dieudonne Spie, Comte de Uainault, Brilliant, Imperialis, Azuba, alba magnifica pleno,
RoseaHnagna, Kinghornii, and many others.

As the Azalea is a speciality of culture, we are enabled to offer fine young stocky
plants, and also some of larger size, which may soon be grown and trained into fine speci-
meifa for exhibition.

. HOVEY & CO.,

53 North Markkt Strkct.

THE KiTTATINNY BLACKBERRY,

After thorough trial, has fiilly established its superiority over all others, and is so en-
dorsed by the highest authority. This point settled, we offer Amateurs and others a lim-.
ited quantity of plants for Fall or Spring planting, at reasonable rates. For fiirther
particulars, address, with stamp,

IL WHUAXSt
Mount 01air« lr«iW VmmT*

PRESERVING FRUIT.

Wb hare recently alluded to Professor Nyce's method of
preserving fruit, some account of which we gave in a previous
volume, and remarked that we should tuni to the subject
again at the first opportunity. We now add to wliat we have
already said, an account of Professor Nyce's Fruit House at
Oleveland, Ohio, as given in the last Report of the Ohio
Pomological Society.

Various methods of keeping fruit have, from time to time,
been noticed in our volumes, and at least two fruit rooms have
been described and engravings of their construction ^ven ; one
being an English, and the other a French plan. But these did
not seem very satisfactory, especially upon a large scale. The
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, impressed with the im-
portance of some system, which might be put to practical
use, examined some of the plans recommended, and reported
upon them, and these reports will be found in our pages.

That much of the interest, which attached to the subject
of preserving fruit, is now greatly diminished, there is no
doubt. Formerly we had but a limited number of early or
late winter pears, and it was important to devise some mode
by which tEose ripening early in winter might be kept in good
condition until late in the season. But with the rapid in-
crease of new varieties, and many of them winter pears,
which would keep, under the most ordinary care, till Feb-
ruary, fruit preserving has been neglected, and instead of
attempting to keep the early &11 pears, it has been the
great object to secure late varieties, whose period of ripening,
without much care, would extend over four or five months
after the crop was gathered in October, thus bringing the
pear to our tables nearly every day in the year.

That some of these plans were capable of doing this has
been asserted and partially proved by the inventors; but
tibjs was in a small way, only suited to the amateur. For the
gr^t objects of sale in the market, they did not appear avail-
able, and hence have failed to receive much attention.

VOL. xm.-^o. X. 19

290 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

Professor Nyce's method is on a grand scale, and from
what we have seen and can learn regarding it, it appears to
be not only practicable in a larger or smaller way, but is
certain to produce the objects which have so long occupied
the attention of cultivators. Grapes and apples gathered last
October, and placed in the house, were as sound in July
as those just picked from the trees. Some of the specimens
we had in May, and others later, and we found them fresh,
plump, and full of juice. ,

To bring the subject before'^ our readers, and especially our
pomological friends, we therefore copy the annexed notice of
Professor Nyce's plan, and would suggest to our cultivators the
propriety of erecting, in the vicinity of Boston, a house similar
to that at- GlevelancT, at least as an experiment, to see in
what condition, and how late, fruits may be preserved without
losing that delicate flavor which is the peculiar character of
each. The following is the Report of the Committee who
have examined Professor Nyce's fruit house :

In the tenth report of this Society (1862), p. 29, is a brief
description of a plan for the construction of houses for the
preservation of fruits, the invention of Mr. Nyce, then a resi-
dent of Indiana* Since that time Mr. N., in connection with
other gentlemen, has erected a large house of the kind in
Indianapolis, and also one in Cleveland, and, it is said, will
shortly erect still larger ones in Cincinnati and New York,
the plan having been found perfectly successful where tried,
and hence likely to be speedily adopted in all the large cities.

An idea of the plan and construction of these houses may
%e obtained from the following description of the one in
Cleveland, which has been visited by most of the members of
the committee ad interim of this Society.

The fruit house is located on Kinsman street, about a mile
from the park or public square. It was erected a little over
one year ago, by Messrs. IJfyce, Shirk & Co., and recently
(1865) purchased by Messrs. Beckwith & Brockway.

The building is constructed of wood and iron, is about 80
feet in length and 40, feet in width, two stories high, divided
into several compartments. The upper story contains ice,

OCTOBER. 291

put in every winter, in depth five to six feet. This is sep-
arated from the fruit room below by a floor of galvanized
iron, the sheets of which are closely riveted and soldered, so
as to be perfectly water tight. The walls are made of two
casings of sheet iron, 8^ feet apart. The edges of these sheets
are painted and closely nailed to upright studding, the inter-
vening space being filled with chaff, sawdust, or short shav-
ings, or other non-conducting substances. The floor of the
fruit room is also made of galvan^ed iron. Below this are
placed shavings, three feet thick, on a coating of tar and
pitch, spread one inch thick upon the ground, to prevent the
entrance of moisture. One or more wind-wheels are placed
above the roof^ geared to fans in the fruit rooms. On the
floor of the fruit room was spread formerly, in its dry state,
the chloride of calcium^ a substance which has great power of
absorbing moisture ; but now the waste " bittern," from salt
works (absolutely costless, excepting freight,) after being
dried, is found to be equally as efficient as the former
chloride.

The elements of a complete preserving atmosphere are,
coldness, dryness, purity, quality of temperatui*e, at all times,
and in every part, absence of light, and, if possible, the
exclusion of the great agent of decomposition, the oxygen of
the air. This plan secures all these elements in great perfec-
tion. The thermometer shows a uniform temperature of
84^ in all parts of the room, and is found not to vary a single
degree from 34^ even from April till October.

Dryness is its leading patentable feature. Vapor is con-
stantly given off from different kinds of fruit, amounting
usually to at least half a gallon of water from one hundred
bushels per week. This vapor is taken up by the absorbent,
which is spread over the floor of the fruit room. It is made
to run out in tubes to the outside, once in about every month.
It is then dried in large pans, of sheet iron, and returned to
the house in the dried state as before. The same substance
is thus used twenty or thirty times. The air in a room so
completely confined, after the fruit is chilled down to 84^
becomes very still. The fans are needed to give circulation
to the air, and bring the moisture arising from the fruit in
contact with the absorbent, to be taken up by it.

292 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTURB.

Tlie air is pure, because every source of impurity is ex-
cluded.

In the gradual ripening of fruit, hydrogen and carbon are
constantly given off; the former unites with tlie oxygen of
the air, and forms water ; the latter, carbonic acid.

This process in any confined vessel filled with fruit con-
sumes all the oxygen, especially if the fruit be ripe, and the
air warm, in about 48 hours. The rooms of this bouse are
gas tight, and when filled with fruit, if closed up for two
days, a candle goes out in them almost instantly.

The fruit is then surrounded by an atmosphere composed
of the nitrogen of tlie air and carbonic acid. The former is
destitute of all active properties, good or bad. The latter is
not sufficiently acid, unless under heavy pressure, to produce
any action on fruits immersed in it. Hydrogen and carbon
then cease to be evolved from the fruit, as there is now no
agent to unite with them, in the same way that they cease to
be evolved from a burning candle when the air is removed*
Decomposition ceases in both cases, and for the same reason.
The principle is thus stated by Liebig: "Decay is much
retarded in the absence of moisture, and by the substance
being surrounded with an atmosphere of carbonic acid, wbi<di
prevents the air from coming in contact with decaying miMr
ter."

The sources of profit are pears and grapes, kept during the
fall and winter months; apples until the months of May,
June and July; lemons, oranges, pine-apples, through tb^e
summer season ; canned fruit, put up in six or ten gallon
cans, and retailed out by measure ; the fruit when taJ^ea from
the cans, which are used successively fbr a number of years,
is kept fresh in the house in the open vessel for a number of
weeks. Hence this fruit may be sold by measure without
loss in the summer months. Oysters, butter and eggs iMre
also sources of profit.

All fruit should be in the house when tree-ripe ; thi^t is, as
soon as it has received all the virtue the tree or the vine qau
impart to it. Liebig says : " Bub an unripe or greem ^pf^
or pear on a grater to a pulp ; wash this with oold watw on a
fine sieve, — ^the turbid liquid which pa8^e8 throiigh ckfositp a

OdOBBB. 293

fine flour of starch, of %hioh not even a trace can be detected
in the ripe ft'iiit. This after-ripening, as it is called, is purely
a chemical process. It is the starch being transformed into
sugar ; the more starch the unripe, fruit contains, the sweeter
does it become when ripe."

Although, after the saccharine change, purification may go
on slowly at 34^, yet starch is much more slowly changed
into sugar at that temperature. In strict accordance with
this principle, it is found that the most tender fruits^ if put in
immediately when made, keep better than the more hardy
sorts, if not put in till full ripe. One bushel of apples, if
fully ripe, throws oflF more hydrogen, and forms more water,
than three bushels, if put in in the proper season.

It is belicTed and claimed by the patentee and by all the
scientific gentlemen who have examined the subject, that
there are but two known modes, for practical use, of drying
Air; and, as we have already stated, dryness is the leading
patentable feature of this house, and the sine qua non of
preserving fruit in full health and flavor. One mode consists
in throwing the air upon ice, or an ice-cold surface; the
other, in forcing it upon absorbents. The principal experi-
Inents hitherto have concerned the former method, which is a
very imperfect and unsatisfactory one. For by it the air
gives up only so much vapor as is in excess of its capacity
at 82^. But still as wot as it can be at this ice-cold temper-
ature. The absorbents used in Nyce's fruit rooms condense
vapor fVeely from the driest air, even when chilled down to
zero, or below it. His fruit house, without absorbents, pre-
sents GOie of the best arrangements to dry air by the fii*st
method, as it presents the largest ice-cold surface on its upper
part, the place to which the vapor from the fruit, always
somewhat heated by the chemical change that produces it,
immediately ascends. But experience has clearly shown in
this house that present results could not be reached by this
method alone, and it would seem, and it is positively claimed,
that the plan adopted in the Kinsman street fruit house is
the only one which will at once insure a drynes-s sufficiently
uniform and perfect and a constantly equable and adequate
degree of coldness.

294 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

But people are impatient of theories, and crave results.
They wish to know, first of all, how the fruit has kept, and if
the experiment is a success, and if the institution '^pays."

To these inquiries very hopeful and satisfactory answers
can be given. Not more than three or four apples in a
hundred, on an average, have decayed thus far in these
rooms (15th May.) And there is this peculiarity in the
decay of the fruit : When a decayed apple is found, it is
universally found totally decayed, and surrounded by fruit
not at all tainted by its rot, proving that the defect was
already in the apple at the time it was put into the house.
The patentee is positive that if an apple has a sound skin at
the time it is housed, he can preserve it in full health and
flavor, by means of the agents, dryness and coldness, although
it very rarely occurs that fruit, apparently sound, has an
internal power of decay, over which science has as yet attained
no control. But if an apple can be plucked from the tree at
the time it has sucked all the virtue which it can draw there-
from, and has a sound skin, Prof. Nyce will put the same in
his rooms, and successfully defy it to decay. And this is the
great problem now to be solved, to wit: The determination of
the precise time when fruit should be removed from the
orchard to the preserving rooms. Long years of observation
and study, of the habits of the various fruits, must go to the
perfection of that man's insight and intiiition, so to speak,
who shall become master of this difficult science.

The following certificate, dated March 20th, 1855, was
signed by a large number of prominent citizens of Cleveland,
and published :

" The undersigned, citizens of Cleveland, Ohio, testify that
the fruit house erected here by Nice, Shirk & Co. has sup-
plied, at reasonable rates during the last winter, Catawba
grapes in sufficient quantity to meet the demands, of our
citizens. That these grapes are to this day as fresh, plump,
and perfect in flavor as when taken from the vine. The
bloom is yet on them, and many of the stems are as green as
they ever were. We cannot doubt but that they will yet be
kept in complete condition for months to come. Our more
tender varieties of fall apples, some of which have been out of

OCTOBEB. 295

the market for months, are firm, crisp and juicy. Tliey have
now on hand about 5,000 bushels, embracing the leading
varieties of our climate, which some of us have seen to be in
the best condition, and from which we expect to be supplied
during May, June and July next. We look upon this im-
provement as a great benefit, as ^ell as an honor to our city.
It is, beyond question, a success ; and must soon, we think,
rank among the prominent improvements of this age, and
to the country at large." *

• POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP.

Pine Peabs. — ^The Massachusetts Horticultural Society liave
just closed their 37th Annual Exhibition, which was held
ia the new, splendid and commodious Halls in their new
building in Tremont Street, an account of which will be
found in another page. Notwithstanding the remarkably dry
season, the pears were finer than ever before seen, and
surpassed in quantity, as they did in quality, any of the
exhibitions of late years. No less than 60 entries were made
for tlie prizes for single dishes, and we venture to say that all
these lots, not to mention others quite as fine, and in many
instances finer, made up a display of pears never equalled
anywhere. Duchesse pears weighed 24 ounces each, and 12
Bartletts weighed just 10 lbs. Sheldon, Howell, Doyenne du
Comice, Hovey, Beurr^ Bosc, Beurr4 d'Anjou, Dix, Beurre
Diel, and many others were equally large and superb.

The following are the names of the 20 varieties which
obtained the first premium of $25 :

Moore's, Sheldon, Doyeun^ du Comice, Merriam, Abbott,
Swan'? Orange, Marie Louise, Beurr^ Bosc, Bartlett, Belle
Lucrative, B. d'Anjou, Golden Beurri of Bilboa, B. Hardy,
Hovey (Dana's), Howell, Gansell's Bergamdt, B. Superfin,
Glout Morceau, Urbaniste, and Andrews, from Hovey & Co.

The collections of pears comprised 160 varieties from
Hovey & Co., 116 from M. P. Wilder, tind 60 varieties from
H. Vandine.

\
296 THE MAGAZINB OP HOBTICULTUBE.

Splendid Grapes. — We continue to chronicle the achiere-
ioients of the English grape growers, that our own cultivators
may see how much they have yet to accomplish before they
can surpass, much less equal them, in this department of
fruit culture. Some of the specimens of grapes at the 37th
Annual Exhibition of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society^
just closed, were exceedingly fine, but we believe the largest
bunch of Barbarossa, did not exceed 5 pounds in weight.

Tlie Edinburgh International Horticultural Show was held
in Edinburgh, the early part of September, and the Gardeners*
Chronicle states that it was not only a great success, but as a
fruit show, ^' it stood out prominently in advance of all previous
gatherings of tlie kind." No exhibition which it has been
our lot to witness, not even the really grand display which
took place some few years since, under the auspices of the
Horticultural Society in St. James Hall, could for a moment
bear comparison with the Edinburgh Show, in respect to the
profusion of high class fruits, under which the tlie tables
groaned, thanks to the spirited competition among British
gardeners. We copy from the report of the show : —

Among the most interesting exhibitions in the rooms, how*
ever, were the collections of " eight varieties of grapes, two
bunches each." Here the North and the South were pitted one
against the other, in admirable rivalry. Mr. Fdwler of Castle
Kennedy winning honors tolerable easily against tbo redoubta-
ble champion grape grower, Mr. Meredith of Garston. Mr.
Fowler's sorts were Muscat of Alexandria, shown in splendid
condition ; very well finished Trebbiana and Synan, weighing
respectively, 12 lbs. 9J ozs., and 9 lbs. 6i ozs. ; very good Black
Gibraltar, excellent Muscat Hamburgh, Lady Downe's, Black
Prince, and Black Barbarossa, all fine examples of cultivation,
and worthy of unqualified praise. Mr. Meredith had Chaptal,
a greenish white sort; Black Hamburgh, extraordinarily finely
finished ; Muscat of Alexandria, Black Prince, Child of Hale,
good Muscat Hamburgh, and Black Alicante. There were
other good collections in this class, and Mr. Thompson of
Dalkeith was first in four sorts, with Lady Downe's, Muscat
of Alexandria, Tokay, and Black Hamburgh. Others in thb
class were not so fine.

OCTOBER. 297

For the heaviest bunch of black Mr. Qreensheld had Bar-
barossa, 10 lbs. 15 ozs. Mr. Meredith had a very fine sample
of Hamburgh, in this class, well finisiied, weighing 4 lbs. 12
ozs. For the heaviest bunch of White, Mr. Fowler had White
Nice, 11 lbs., and Mr. Meredith, Child of Hale, 8 lbs. 10 ozs.,
both wonderful bunches* For the finest flavored white grape,
Mr. Thomson had equal, first with Duchess of Buccleugh and
Muscat of Alexandria, the former a long slender bunch, with
small berries, but exquisitely flavored. There were 14 entries
for this prize. For the finest flavored black sort, there were
31 entries, Mr. Fowler being first with Muscat Hamburgh,
tod Mr. Tilley second with Black Frontignan. For the
sweet flavor in a black grape there was a splendid competi-
tion, and singularly enough, an amateur, a tyro in grape*
growing, Mr. Meiklejohn, Dalkeiih, was first with Black
Alicante, and Mr. Willshire Cavers Carr, second for Ham-
burgh.

Mr. Meredith showed a very excellent collection of both
Hamburghs and Muscats, the former including Richmond
Villa, Champion, Old Black, Pope's, Dutch, Mill Hill, Vic-
toria and Wilmots, all extra fine fruited ; but the old variety
and the Mill Hill were decidedly the best. In Muscats there
were the old Escholata, Barnes's, Troveron, Hative de Samur,
Tokay, Bowood, Ciotas, and Cannon Hall. The latter and
the Escholata having the largest berries, and the Hative de
Samur the smallest.

Superb pine apples, pears and apples, were also exhibited.

Some idea of the magnificence of this exhibition may be
formed, as regards the better sorts of fruits, from the number
of entries, which extend to 140 in the various classes of
grapes, 7 for pine apples, 13 for various collections of fruits,
30 for peaches, 16 for nectarines, and 8 for apricots.

Rossbll's Pboufig and Boffalo Strawberries. — Some
time since we noticed these two varieties, and stated that the
berries were so much alike that the best judges could not
distinguish one from the other ; but that they might yet be
distinct, as we had not then the Bufialo vines in condition
to compare with the Russell. Since the spring our vines,
standing side by side, enable us to say, without any hesitation.

298 THB MAGAZINE OP HOBTICULTUBE.

that they are both one and the same sort, and that the two
are identical with McAvoy's Superior, well known years ago,
as one of the seedlings raised by McAvoy, the late Mr.
Longworth's gardener. Tliat such a triple mistake should
be made at this late day seems most remarkable. It fully
confirms the remark made by Mr. Nelson of Indiana, quoted
in our last number, that " ignorance and error, in regard to
fruit and fruit culture, still prevail to a discouraging extent."
Handsome Pine Apples. — Some very handsome and well
grown pines were sent to the Annual Exhibition of the Mas-
sachusetts Horticultural Society, from the garden of Governor
Sprague of Providence. There were six plants, four of them
in fruit, and beautiful cut pines. These made a very attrac-
tive show, and added to the fine display. We are pleased to
learn that Gov. Sprague is extending the culture of this
superb fruit, and now has quite a large number of plants.
We have often wondered why gentlemen of wealth did not
cultivate the pine, as well as the grape or peach. Certainly
there is no richer fruit, and the plants have the additional
merit of being highly ornamental, a house of well-growu
specimens being scarcely less attractive than a house of ordi-
nary greenhouse plants. We hope to see their cultivation
taken up by every one who has the means to devote to the
culture of this fruit.

M. L'HEaAULrS MODE OP CULTIVATING ASPARAGUS,

VROM THB GARDKNBR8' CHRONICLE.

It is an essential condition in the cultivation of asparagus
tl^at the ground should be completely cleieired from all fruit-
bearing trees, thickets or woody plants. Excellent results
are obtained in a soil of vegetable mould, or one of a sandy,
gritty nature ; in short, in any light soil free from roots,
pebbles, fragments of glass, &c., which may become injurious
to the roots of the plants. A calcareous, clayey, Or marshy
soil will be less productive.

Preparation op the Ground. — When a convenient piece of
ground has been selected, it is first of all to be mellowed by

OCTOBER.

299

spreading on its surface a good dressing of horse or sheep
dung (1 cubic metre per acre = 120 square yards, or 4
perches nearly, or about one-fortieth of an acre.) The low-
est layer of a dunghill, the dregs of
grapes, or night-soil are likewise good
manures. The ground is to be dug
up to a depth of 16 inches in fine
weather at the beginning of winter,
during which season it is to be left at
rest.

In the month of February follow-
ing, at least as soon as severe frost is
no longfer to be expected, the ground
I is to be laid out in furrows and ridges,
I in order to shape the shelving beds,
and the excavations which are to
4 receive the plantations. For this
purpose the following operations are
I to be performed : —
9 First, there are to be drawn the
^ whole length of the ground, and by
I preference from north to south, two
'i lines, leaving between them a space
of 14 inches, intended for the site of
the first half-shelving bed. This half-
shelvhig bed, of a conical shape, and
I 8 inches in height, is to be made with
* a spade, hoe, or* other convenient
I implement. Reckoning from the in-
^ terior base of this half-shelving bed,
I a distance of 24 inches is to be meas-
I ured for the first " ground" or trench.
"^ The earth taken from it will serve to
form the shelving bed. Care ought
to be taken properly to equalize and level the ground. The
second shelving bed, which will be a complete one, is to
measure 28 inches in width at its base, and 14 inches in
height. Next comes the second trench, then the third entire

800 THB MAGAZINlS OP HOBnCULTUBE.

shelving bed, and so on, until the whole piece of ground has
been occupied. Thus, the first half-shelving bed will measurd^
in width 14 inches, and in height 8 inched ; the first " ground"
01" trench in width 24 inchesj the second entire shelving bed
in width' 28 inches, and in height 14 inches, Ac. (See the
annexed diagram, fig. 12.)

The earth of the shelving beds being intended to cover
over the plants, these beds \iill gradually diminish in height,
and the whole piece of ground will become nearly level at the
end of five years, when the asparagus plantation will be in
full productiveness.

PrasT Year. — The first plantation is to take place during
the month of March or April; and should be performed in the
following manner : —

In each trench, through its entire length, small holes must
be formed about 36 inches distant from each other. These
small holes are to be made of a diameter of 8 inches, and •
about 4 inches deep. In the centre of each of them a small
hillock of earth about 2 inches high is to be raised, upon
which the asparagus plant is to be laid down, care being takeu
to divide the roots flatwise in every direction ; the roots are
to be covered over with half an inch of earth ; then one or two
handfuls of very good manure are to be added, and covered
over with about an inch and a half of earth, at the samCftime
forming a small hollow of about an inch deep over each plant,
to indicate its position. In order properly to know the posi-
tion of the plants, and to shelter them and their slioots from
accidents, a small prop is to be set to each, inclining it at an
angle of 45°, in order not to injure the roots.

After the planting has been performed over the whole piece
of ground, frequent dressings will be required, in order to
destroy the weeds, which are very injurious to the vegetation
and growth of the plants. These dressings are to be performed
with caution, so as not to cut atid injure the small stalks of
the young plants, since the lea^t injury might lead to their
ruin.

Every year towards the months of April and May, slugs
and snails are carefully to be looked for, while the morning
dew remains^ and destroyed. Beetles are also much to be

OOTOBER. 801

feared in Uie asparagus plantations. Twice every day during
^ fortnight it will be well to pursue these insects with rods, so
as to hinder them from depositing their eggs on the stalks of
the asparagus ; tliese eggs appear at the end of three weeks
in the shape of black maggots or worms, which prey upon the
asparagus stems and dry them up. Yet these insects are not
the only ones which are to be dreaded. The white worms
(or maggots of tree beetles) are very dangerous, and it will
be well constantly to put in use the most proper means to get
rid of them, for tliey eat tlie roots and destroy the asparagus
plants. It will be useful also to lay mole traps, for while
tracing their underground roads the moles cut the asparagus
roots in order to get through.

' Common vegetables, such as beetroot, late potatoes, cabbage,
4c., ought not to be planted on the shelving beds ; but they
may be made useful, only during the first years however, by
growing on them ten-week stocks, potatoes, lentils, and such
other vegetables as are of little inconvenience from their
dimensions.

Another mannrr of PtANTiNG. — In a moist piece of ground
the digging up is to be done to a depth of 20 inches, and the
Qianure to be employed is to contain a little more straw.
The ground is to be set out in trenches. The planting is to
be 4one flatwise without shelving beds. Lines are to be
drawn by the rule, and the holes to be 40 inches distant
from each other. Tl^e arrangement of th.ese holes may be
quincuncial.

The plantation may be made ift the manner already
indicated. You may likewise plant upon old beds at a
distance of 82 inches, and with a depth of about 7 inches.
The plantation may also be made separately or in the
vineyards, always observing the directions given for tlie oper^
lotion.

Xn the inonth of October, during fine and dry weather,
whatever may be the sort of plantation, the small stalks of
the asparagus are to be cut off at 6 inches above the ground.
The ground is to be lightly cleaned, and the shelving beds
^Wt be dug up to a depth of 12 inches, maintaining their
90uical shs^.

302 THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTUBB.

The asparagus is to be lightly duDged, the plants being
laid bare with a flat hoe, for a diameter of 8 inches, and up to^
the crowns. Proper care ought to be taken not to injure the
roots with the implement. On each plant lay one or two
handfuls of good manure, free from all noxious substances.
While spreadilig the manure, mark out with a small stick' the
site of the plants which have failed during the course of the
year ; these must be renewed in the month of March fol-
lowing.

The manure is at once to be covered over with about 3
inches of the best mellow earth at hand, and over the plants
is to be made a small conical hillock about 2 inches high.
This operation is the last to be performed for the year.

Second Year. — In March or April begin by supplying the
plants which have failed in the preceding year, selecting vig-
orous plants a year old, and setting them in the same manner
as recommended for the first year. Props are to be placed at
the foot of each plant, always at an angle of 45^.

In the beginning of April a first dressing is to be made on
the shelving beds,' and on the grounds; it will be well to
perform this operation the day after a sprinkling of rain,
in order the more easy to break the clods. The dressings^
must be frequently renewed during the whole season, so
as to free the asparagus plantatioh from all weeds and keep it
in a perfect state of cleanliness. It is unnecessary to repeat
here tlie precautions to be taken in order to avoid bruising
the asparagus with the spade or to secure the destruction of
insectb. '

As soon as the asparagus stems become firm, fasten them
to the props, in order to protect them against the wind, which
might break them.

In the month of October the dry stalks are to be cut off 8
inches above the ground ; the shelving beds are to be turned
up, always lightly hollowing out the trenches. The manure
prepared is to be spread on the shelving beds, which are then
to be dug up. The props having become useless are to be
taken away. Lastly, the laying bare of the plants is to be
done by taking away the earth, as already directed, up to the
surface of the manure. The earth must be mellowed with the

OCTOBER. 808

hands, and covered over the plants, to the thickness of a couple
^f inches, always in the shape of a small hillock.

Third Year. — In the middle of the month of March [a little
later in our climate. Eo.] during fine weather, small knolls,
from 6 to 8 inches high, are to be made over each plant,
taking nevertheless as a basis the comparative strength of the
crowns, more or less large, or of a more or less determined
development ; those which may be too feeble, or having served
the preceding year to supply the bad ones, or those which had
failed, are to be covered over with a hillock of only 4 inches
high, and should then be left to themselves.

From the other plants, three or at most four asparagus
heads may be gathered; but they are not to be cut off with
an asparagus knife but removed with the fingers. However,
there is a particular sort of knife, square shaped at the end,
and having teeth on one side, forming a saw, which will be
useful to take away the earth about the stalk, aoid will make
it easy for the fingers to reach the subterraneous stock which
care must be takeu not to injure.

Asparagus is fit to be cut off when it is about an inch and a
half above the surface of the ground, and when it is red, rosy
or violet.

With regard to the gathering, one finger -must be got
behind the asparagus stem at its base, and by bending it, it
will easily come off the stock. In this manner all. injury to
its neighbors, which may easily happen with an asparagus
knife, will be avoided; and there will not be left any wounded
ends, from which the sap will flow and spread around, occa-
sioning rapid corruption. Care should be taken to close up
the hole made for the gathering of the asparagus, and the
knoll is at once to be formed anew.

lu the month of April, the props are to be again placed and
the stems fastened to them in due time. The dressings must
be as frequent this year as during the preceding year. After
having, in fine weather, done all that is necessary, in the
month of October, the dry stalks are to be cut off about 10
inches above the ground, and the dead rubbish thrown out of
the plantation. The shelving beds are to be turned up, and
the trenches again appropriated. A plentiful digging is to be

304 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

made in the following manner : From Uie whole of the surface
of the trenches, and to a depth of 4 inches, the earth is to be
taken away and thrown upon tlie shelving beds ; this earth is
to be substituted by a layer of very good manure, which layer
i^ to be of a thickness of about an inch and a half, if night
9oil is made use of, or of about 2 inches if it is only commbn
manure. At the same time a portion of the end of the dry
9talks is to be taken away, preserving the nearest to the
crown, so as to indicate the exact site of the plants for the
fourth year. The object of this operation is to clean the
subterranean stocks ; it will also give space to the stems
wiiich are to shoot forth in the following spring, and will
iieu^ilitate their growth.

After having spread the manure, the shelving bed must be
dug up, and the manure covered with an inch or two of
earth ; above the very bulbs a small hillock is to be made^
over 8 inches thick, reckoning from the subterranean stock.
The feeble plants are tlieu to be marked out with a small
stick, in order to know them again in the spring.

Fourth Year. — About the middle of March, in dry weather,
ox the day after a sprinkling of rain, knolls of the height of
from 10 to 12 inches must be formed over each plant with
good mellow earth. The feeble plants, marked witli a small
stick at the preceding laying bare, are to be covered over
witli hillocks of a thickness of from 4 to 6 inches only.

While earthing up the asparagujs tlve ends of the dry stalky
are to be taken away. The gatliering is to take place from
the largest ones during one month at the most. Then they
are to be left to run it^to seed. The most feeble ones are to
be spared in order to strengthen them. At the second dre^
ing in the month of May, earth is taken from the shelving
beds fn order to cover over, to an extent of a few centimetres,
the whole surface of the ground, so as to shelter the asparagus
plantation from the dryness of the summer. The props being
bigger are to be 5 feet high. The dressings are always to be
^quent, and to be done during fine weather.

In the month of October the stalks of the asparagus are to
be cut off at 14 inches above the ground, and the plantation,
is to be cleared of the rubbish ; manure is to be spread o»,

OCTOBER. 805

the filielving beds, which are to be made up from the knolls in
the trenches, and are to be dug up to the depth of 16 inches.

Notwithstanding the manure laid upon the shelving beds,
the stalks of the asparagus are to be laid bare in the manner
already described. Upon the crowns are to be put a few
bandfuls of good manure, wliich is to be covered over witii
2 inches of good mellow earth ; the knolls which are to be
formed over the centre of the plants, are to be over 3 inches
in heiglit. The means already indicated for marking the
feeble plants, to designate thorn for the next year, are to be
followed.

Fifth Yt:AR. — The making of knolls on the asparagtis is
to begin in the month ,of March ; the knolls are to be 14
inches high, and their diameter is to be in conformity with
the dimensions of the plants. The ends of the dry stalks,
which liave been left the preceding year, to mark tlie site of
the plants, are to be taken away ; and the feeble ones, which
have been marked out at the preceding laying bare, are to be
carefully looked to.

The gathering is to consist of l^e heads on all tlie large
plants, and of some only on the feeble ones ; the gathering
may last two months at most In order to get fine asparagus,
they are to be gathered once every day, or every other day,
or every tliird day at farthest, according to the degree of
temperature. This is the way to obtain rosy, red, or violet
asparagus. Under these conditions they will exceed the
extremity of the knolls by an inch or two. In order to get
green ones it will be sufficient to let them grow during four
or five days more; they will lengthen and become green.
At all events the red, rosy, or violet color will be the best
guide. The second dressings are to be made as in the pre-
ceding years! Tlie props are to be put as soon as the necess-
ity is felt, and the stalks, with regard to the increase of their
height and weight, must be firmly tied, so tliat the wind may
DOt disturb them and that they may not be broken.

In the month of October following, the dry stalks are to be
cut off at 14 inches above the ground. The plantation
IS to be cleared, and the sheMng beds are to be turned up by
raking up the earth of the knolls which have been raised on

VOL. XXXI. — ^NO. X. 20

306 THE MAGAZINE OP HOBTTCULTUBE.

the plants for the gathering. Tlien the manure is to be
spread in the manner already indicated ; the digging up of
the shelving beds is next to take place, and the manure is
immediately to be covered over.

Sixth Year. — When the asparagus plantation shall have
reached its sixth year, it will then be in full productiveness.
The feeble plants, however, must constantly be taken care of,
if it is wished to strengthen them. The forming of knolls is
to take place in March during fine and dry weather; the
knolls must always be 14 inches high, reckoning from the
subterranean stock.

Nevertheless, the care to be taken is to be th^ same as in
the preceding year, as well with regard to the knolls as to
the props. As for insects, they will be less to be feared than
during the first years of the establishment of the asparagus
plantation. The beetles can no longer lay their eggs on the
stalks of the asparagus, since they are cut during two montlis,
and when they run into seed the time of the laying of eggs
is passed.

In the month of October the shelving beds are to be turned
up in conformity with the manner shown for the preceding
year ; the shelving beds and the plants are to be dunged, as
has been explained for the fourth year. As the asparagus
plantation may last 15 or 20 years, the operations and the
care to be taken are to be repeated from year to year in the
manner above indicated.

With regard to the asparagus planted on beds or separ-
ately, the manure is every year to be spread on the plants
alone, observing all the precautions indicated for the cultivar
tion in full beds or the open ground.

Generally, in a well-established asparagus plantation, the
gathering, reckoning from its beginning, is to taike place dur-
ing two months, whatever may be the climatal circumstances
under which the plantation is placed.

It must have been seen that the expense is not very great ;
the chief object is the care which must be taken. The main
point is to get good plants, in order to obtain good produce.
By properly following the rules laid down here, satisfactory
results will be obtained.

OCTOBEIL 807

To sum up : the ground requires manure ; the earth must
be dug up, mellowed, and sheltered from dryness ; and the
plants must be kept free from the attack of insects. These
are the best means of giving to the asparagus a rich and
luxuriant vegetation.

There are to be found three chief varieties of remarkable
asparagus, viz., the common one, very fine; the late Dutch
asparagus, improved, very large : and L'H^rault's Early as-
paragus. This last variety, which is very precocious, very
productive, and much to be reconunended, has been obtained
from seed; and from its exceptional size and flavor it has
obtained honorable mention and several medals of the first
class at the horticultural exhibitions.

FLORICULTURAL NOTICES.

840. Cypripedium concolor Bateman. Selp-colored La-

dy's Slipper. (Orchidese.) Moulmein.

A stove plant ; growinc four Inches hlfh; wlih yaiiecated foliage and yellow flowers; appetriac
In spring ; increased by diviaioii of Uie root; grown in li^ht peaty sott. Hoc Max^ 18S3« pi. A513.

An entirely distinct and very handsome species of the
Cypripedium, of a dense habit, with leaves beautifully mot-
tled on their upper surface, and of a rich reddish purple
below, contrasting agreeably with 'the pale primrose tint of
the flowers, which are borne on a short hairy scape. It
grows freely, is easily managed, and blooms abundantly early
in the spring. (^Bot. Mag.^ June.)

841. Vellosia Candida Mikau. Pure White Vellosia.

(Hsemodoraceffi.) Brazil.

A greenhouse plant; growing a fbot high ; with white flowers ; appearlni In mring; incTMsed
by division ; grown in light rich soil. Bot. Mag., 1865, pi. «5U.

A beautiful plant, with pure white lily like flowers, an4
long slender foliage, like the Tritoma, from the stem of which
a single bloom appears, two to three inches in diameter. The
genus is a beautiful and singular one, and is yet but little
known, the present species being the only one which has yet
flowered in England. It is conmion in the neighborhood of
Bio Janeiro. (^BoU Mag.j June.) '.

308 THE MAGAZINE OF flOBTICULTUBE.

842. Dendbobtum hedyosmum Bateman. Sweet-scented

Dendrobidm. (Orcbide».) Moulmeiu.

An orchldeoiM pluit. Bot. Mag't 18S5, pL 5515.

A new species, from Moulmeiu, with white sepals, and a
golddu yellow tip, yielding a most grateful perfume, similar
to the wall flower. It is a fine plant. (^Bot. Moff.y June.)

843. Acanthus montanus T. Anders. African Mountain

Acanthus. (Acanthacee.) Western Africa.

A. greenhouie plant; frowinc thre« feec tilth; tvUli llikt purple flowen ; appesrfm tai III*
sprliic ; iacTMMd by diTisiou of tbr root ; «it>w]i la food ridi noil. BoC Mac., iUtS, pL 55U.

A very handsome plant, with the large and fine foliage of-
the genus, and with tall spikes of pale purple flowers, slightly
pencilled with a deeper tint. It was raised from seed received
from Western Africa, and, like the well-known A. mollis^ is
attractive, both from its foliage and blossoms. (^Bot. Mag.^
June.)

844. Baillardia ciuoiskTk DeOand. Giuatb-leated Bail-

LARDIA. (Compositse.) Sandwich Islands.

A flinibby plmnl ; frowinc one (hot \A%\k ; with yellow flaweiv \ «pp«Brliic lo summtr ; lafreiwd
by layer* \ grown In Ugbi soil Bot. Ma^.. MJi, pL Wn.

A remarkable little shrubby composilcdy a native of Hawaii,
inhabiting the loftj volcanic mountains of that Island, at
elevations of 10,000 feet. It has small narrow leaves, and
terminal clusters of yellow flowers. (^BoU Mag., June.}

845. Anemone (HepaTioa) Angulosa De Cand. Angls-

LEAVED Hbpatica. Hungary.

A hardy plant; frowinf six inches hUh; with blue Howcn; appearinc In aprini; tocwMtid by
dIvWoB ; grown in paaty *oU. Bot. Bag.t Mdf . pl. 5518.

A new and beautiful species of the Hepatica from Hungary,
whidi has been considered hj some a variety of A. triloba,
but it is very distinct, in the size of the plant, as well as the
very much larger and more beautiful flowers. It is a most
valuable acquisition, and its introduction will add one of the
most desirable of recently introduced plants to our collections.
The flowers are nearly two inches in diameter, and of a veiy
deep blue. (^Bot. Mag.^ June.)

OOIQBEB. 809

dtntral Itotites.

Thi Heath a Native of Massachusetts. — In the notice we gave
some few years ago, of the native heatfi which was found in Tewksbary,
If ass., by Mr. J. Dawson, and exhibited before the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society by Hovey & Co., and which caused much excitement
among cultivators, we quoted the remark of Loudon that it was found in
Newfoundland. Some botanists doubted, as they have oflen done, Mr.
London's statement, and assumed that no heath had ever been seen on this
continent It appears, however, that they were in error, for it had not only
been found some years ago, in Nova Scotia^ but in 1864 specimens were
gathered at Cape Breton, as will be seen by the following interesting ac-
count of this beautiful plant, now considered one of our indigenous plants :

The earliest notice of the Scotch heath as an inhabitant of America is
that of Sir William Hooker in Index to the "Flora Boreali- Americana,''
where it is stated : ** This should have been inserted at p. 39 as an inhab.
itant of Newfoundland on the authority of De la Pylaie." It was sup-
posed, however, that Pylaie had made a mistake, and it was a' generally
received axiom among botanists that heaths were limited to the Old World.
In the year 1861, Prof. Gray of Harvard announced the unexpected dis-
covery by Mr. Jackson Dawson, of heath in Tewksbury, Massachusetts.
It was supposed by some that the heath had been planted there« and there is
an elaborate paper by Mr. Sprague in the Boston N. H Society's Proceed-
ings, in which it is strongly argued that no native heath had ever been
found in Newfoundland or on the American continent In November,
1863, at the sale of the Linnean Society's collections, in London, Mr.
Watson bought a parcel of plants in which were found two flowerless
branches of CaUuna vti/gtirur, identical with the heath of the British
Moors, and labelled '* Head of St Mary's Bay — Trepassey Bay, also, veiy
abundant S. E. of Newfoundland, considerable tracts of it" Evidence
thus seemed to accumulate, but was still imperfect In the city of Hali-
fkx there is a common but mistaken belief that there is plenty of heather at
Point Pleasant and the Northwest Arm, but all the specimens that have
been collected have proved on examination by botanists to belong to other
plants and not to the heath family. However, in September, 1864, Dr. Law-
son obtained specimens of the genuine heather in swampy ground on Uls-
ton Farm, St Ann's, Cape Breton, where it has been known by the proprie-
tor, Mr. Robertson, for about ten years. The plant' is quite wild, and
native. Soon afterwards it was announced that Mr. Richardson, who was
making a geological survey of Newfoundland, had found heather there.
And lastly, during the present summer, a young lady brought to Dr. Law.
son's botanical class, a specimen of CuUuna vtdgans, (agreeing in every
respect with the Scotch and Cape Breton plant,) which had been collected
on the Dartmouth hills in 1850. There is now, therefore, ample evidence
that Scotch heather grows, as an indigenous plant, in Massachusetts, Nova
Scotia, Cape Breton, and Newfoundland ; but is extremely local in its dis-
tribation, and in fact one of our rarest plants. Wherever a patch of heather,

810 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

grows, the proprietor should fence it in, and preserve it carefully, otherwise
we are apt to lose the plant, and with it one of the claims of our Province
to its cherished name of Nova Scotia. English and American botanists
will hear with much interest of the Dartmouth habitat, as it serves in some
measure to connect the Massachusetts one with those of Cape Breton
and Newfoundland, which latter, on the other hand, connects (distantly)
through Greenland, Iceland and the Azores with the great heath centre of
Northern Europe. We have a patch of the heather from Cape Breton,
and find that it grows well in the flower border.

Tritonia crocata. This is now rather an old plant, but few, if any,
new plants in its way are f^o useful for conservatory decorations. That many
old plants now lost or neglected are far better than those frequently intro-
duced with high praises and higher prices, is a mere truism among garden-
ers, but I confess to having oflener looked for these ''good old things**
than to have found them. However, at Cliveden a short time since, I had
a very ** lucky find." There, in a long span-roofed house— something be-
tween greenhouse and intermediate house — a most brilliant and novel eflfect
was produced by a number of plants of Tritonia crocata in 48-sized pots.
The plants were placed at intervals of a few feet, along the edge of either
bench, a few inches from the front and behind the small row of dwarf flow-
ering plants that ran along it From each small pot sprang about a 4o2en
branched flower-spikes, and of these the heaviest laden and fullest in flower
fell over and below the front edge of the bench ; others were drooping hor-
izontally, and some were nearly erect, so that the passage straight through
the house was most gracefully fringed with flowers of a brilliant orange
scarlet — almost as eflective a color as that of Tulipa Gesneriana. The in •
dividual flowers too are large, and altogether the plant is more desirable
than any of its order that I have seen used for greenhouse ornament. Ic is
a great favorite with Mr. Fleming for basket and drawing room embellish-
ment, and droops over the edges of vases, &c., very gracefully and eflTec-
tively. This Tritonia is readily forced, *' and my be had in flower six months
of the year." The plants seem to have been cultivated in the simplest
manner. They are annually shaken out, after going to rest, and 10 or 12
bulbs replaced with the fresh soil in 48 sized pots. Being of easy propaga-
tion a stock will not take long to get, and that accomplished, say to the ex-
tent of from 20 to 100 pods, according to the wants of the conservatory, the
gardener will find that he has a valuable and distinct subject for its decora-
tion. I may add the flower stems were not staked, and that the plants
are grown in cold pits when not in flower or required for forcing. — [GartL
Chron.)

assatjnsctts garticultnral Sodttj.

Saivrdayt June 3d, — ^The following members were elected at this meet-
ing: John R. Hall, Mark W. Pray, Ephraim W. Boave, Charles H.

OCTOBER. 811

Smith, Saroael Butterfield, Elbrid^e Farmer, Edward H. BeoDett, John
Capen, D, R Hager; Stephen G. Deblois, Charles F. Gerry, Abner
Kingman, Herbert M, Warren, James M. Warren, William Bacon, Jr.,
Augustus Bacon, Granville Bacon, Franklin L. Goldsmith.

July 1. — The stated quarterly meeting of the Society was held to-day, —
the President in the chair.

A Committee was chosen to take into consideration the unprecedented
depredations of the canker worm, and report what measures ought to be
taken to preserve one of our most valuable fruits. W. C. Strong^ J. F. C.
Hyde, Parker Barnes, £. Wight, and E. A. Brackett were nominated and
chosen.

On motion of B. Harrington it was voted that the Building Committee
have full power to make all necessary arrangements for the dedication of
the new Hall.

A copy of Burr's Vegetables of America was presented by the author,
and the thanks of the Society were voted for the saye.

Adjourned two weeks, to July 15.

July 15. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day, — the
President in the chair.

On motion of C. O. Whitmore it was unanimonsly voted that the Treas-
urer be authorized to issue notes for obtaining funds for the completion of
the new Hall, provided the same shall not exceed $30,000.

Adjourned two weeks, to the new Hall in Tremont Street, August 5.

•August 5. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day, at the
Society's new Hall in Tremont Street, — the President in the chair.

The President addressed the Society, congratulating the members on the
near completion of the building, and welcoming them to the first meeting.

Adjourned four weeks, to September 2.

Dedication of thr New Hall. — ^The new and splendid building of
the Society in Tremont Street having been completed, and ready for occu-
pation, the dedication took place on Saturday, September 16. The Order of
Exercises was as follows :

Music by the Gerraania Band.

Prayer by the Rev. Dr. Huntington,

Address by the President, C. M. Hovey.

Original Ode, by John Owen of Cambridge, sung by Ball's Quartette Club.

Benediction.

The Hall was beautifully decorated for the occasion. On either side of
the rostrum were superb specimens of Thujopsis borealis, &nd numerous
bouquets in tall and elegant vases. In front were stately Palms and
Yuccas. Smaller bouquets ornamented the desk of the speaker, and over-
head was suspended a huge basket of flowers, arranged with most exquisite
taste, forming a fountain of beauty and loveliness, whose fragrance filled
the Hall. Delightful music was discoursed by the Germanic Band.

The services were held in the large or main Hall, which was completely
filled with the members of the Society and their ladies, and many invited
guests. Among those, upon the platform, with the President of the Society,
were His Honor F. W. Lincoln, Jr., Mayor, Hon. A. H. Rice, Hon. Anson

312 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTUBE.

Burlingame, Minister to China, Hon. M. P. WUder, Ex-Prenident, Proft.
J. L. Russell, Asa Gray, and Jeffries Wyman of Cambridge, Hon. Stephen
Fairbanks, Hon. Joseph Breck, Dr. Jacob Bigeldw, Judge Putnam, Vice*
Presidents J. F. C. Hyde, C. O. Whitmore, H. H. Hunnewell, and W. C.
Strong, and others.

It would not be possible for us to give even a synopsis of the Address,
which was, in the main, a historical account of the progress of hcu'ticukiife
in this country, and allusions to those who had done so much for gardeningv
especially to such illustrious pioneers as Lowell, Quincy, Welles, Pick-
ering, Sullivan, Preble, Guild, and ethers. The closing remarks were ss
follows : —

To attempt in your presence to eulogize the pursoit of borticnltnre, in
which so many of you are engaged, and in which you have experienced so
much delight, would be an idle waste of time. To refer to the prodoctiott
of new fruits and new flowers, so rapidly augmented of late years, by the
now well-known and reUable process of hybridization, — to the various modes
of propagation, now so well understood by skilful men, to the cultivation,
systems of pruning, dz.c.,— or to their relative value for the market or garden,
would be at the risk of tiring your patience. You have witnes^d the
exhibitions of the Society, weekly, monthly, annually, year after >ear, and
are undoubtedly familiar with our fruits and flowers, and have yonrselves
added, by your own skill, to the long catalogue, many varieties, whose
acknowledged beauty and superior quality have enriched every garden and
given .value to every orchard.

If through a period of more than thirty years, you have by yonr devotion
to the great purposes of the Society, followed it from place to place,
cheered and encouraged by its onward progress, until it has reached the
elevated position it now holds, how great must be your delight, and
what deep emotions of gratitude spring up in your hearts^ that you have
found a permanent home. In the contemplation of the past, as well as in
the anticipations of the future, how much there is to awaken in us renewed
feelings of joy, exultation and pride, not in a vain or arrogant spirit, bat
humbly thankful that through the course of so many years, unvarying
success should have attended your labors, harmonious action governed
your deliberations, and a judicious administration of your affairs enabled
you to erect this costly and beautiful edifice.

But let not this prosperity decrease your ardor or lessen your labors in
your favorite pursuit. Rather let it rekindle and fire your zeal for new
conquests. Ybur duties and responsibilities have increased with your
growth. If you have pulled down that you might build greater ; if yoa
have grasped the prize of a life-long ambition ; let not this result satisfy
you. If you are the possessor of a garden filled with beautiful trees or
shrubs to which you may retire from the turmoil of the crowded city, and
among whose sylvan shades take your daily walk, making them your cooi*
panions and friends, come hither often with branch or flower, or berry, to
inspire the same delight in others. Or if you are only the owner of a little
spot of ground, filled with the choicest flowers, whose constant nnrture has
occupied the moments snatched from life's busy scenes, and whose opening

OCTOBER. 813

bloflsonw are daily eloquent with lessons of gnce and lovelinesi— do not re-
fuse to offor tbetD here as tokens of your affection and triumphs of your art.

And if neither tree or flower or fruit can yet claim your care, will not
the recollection of youth's golden hours, when gatherings the first snowdrop
of spring, or the last aster of autumn, touch, as with a vibrating chord,
that latent love for nature, which few do not possess, awaken inspirations
for things beautiful, and bring you into sympathy with the objects of our
association.

Welcome then to us be this Temple of Flora ; here come and bring
your lovely flowers, gathered, it may be, fresh from the dewy fields and
pastures, or plucked in early mom in the cultivated border, the choicest
offerings of your tasteful care, arranged in innumierable forms and sparkling
with colors of every hue. From these walls may ever irradiate that spirit
of beauty which shall not only draw within your extending circle every
lover of Nature or Art, but whose glorious effulgence shall not be dimmed
ontil the whole world beconies a garden. •

AivftUAL ExHiBfTiorr. — ^The d7th Annual Exhibition was held in the
new Hall of the Society, commencing on Tuesday, September 19, and
continuing till Friday evening the 23d.

We shall not attempt to give a detailed account of this the grandest
display the Society has ever made. We should have no space for other
RMtter should we attempt so to do. The beauty of the Halls needs no enco-
mium, and this was not marred by unnecessary decoration. In the large
or main Hall there were three tables, 80 feet long and 6 feet wide, running
the whole length, with a table on each side against the wall, for cut flowers.
The outnide tables of the three were filled with pears, and the centre table
with plants, comprising a selection of all the choicest variegated -leaved
plants, intermixed with palms, yuccas, rhopalas, and other noble specimens
of tropical vegetation. The stage, or platform, was fitted up with two
tables, one of which was filled with beautiful flowering plants, and the other
with begonias and ferns. A semicircular table in front was filled with
choice bouquets of various styles, and in front of that, peaches and pears.
The anterooms and lobbies were also filled with fruit.

The lower Hall (50 feet long) was arranged with five tables, two on the
sides, and three in the intervening space, the centre one of which was filled
with apples and grapes, and the others with fine vegetables. The platform
was filled entirely with huge coxcombs, coniferous plants in pots, and mis-
cellaneous plants. At the entrance, at the head of the noble flight of
marble stairs, were arranged on either siJe two huge Araucarias, standing
like bristling sentinels to guard the domain of Ceres.

The attendance was very large, and the Halls were literally packed with
an appreciative and brilliant audience during the entire exhibition. The
Germania Band was in attendance every evening, and added no little, by
their delightful music, to the pleasure of the numerous visitors.

Oar account of the plants, fruits, &c., must be much briefer than we
could wish, for there were numerous specimens deserving of particular
note. We can only mention the names of the most prominent

814 THE MAGAZINE OP HOBnCULTUBB.

Plants iif Pots. — These numbered upwards of 300, many of them of.
immense size, and mostly very large. F)rom the Botanic Garden at Cam-
bridge came a fine collection, comprising Rhopala Jonghei, nearly 10 feet
high, Latania borbonica, Strelitzia augusta, Pandanus javannicus varie*
gata, Cyanophyllum magnificum(6 feet), Thrinax dactilifero, six Caladiums,
among which were Belleymei, pictun),haDtatum, and the beautiful Chantini ;
several ferns, including fine examples of Aspleninm Billander^,- Alsophila
australis, and Asplenium nidus, and a handsome Coleus Verschaffeltii, and
many other plants. From Jona. French, some well-grown Caladiums,
especially Belleymei, WJghtii, Chantini, and argyrites ; two very fine
Cissus discolor, trained as pyramids ; a Coleus VerschafiTeltii, Pandanus,
Diefienbachia, die. ; six elegantly grown ferns, among them Pteris serralata,
Davalla elegans, Adiantum cuneatum, and Pteris cretica albo lineata ;
six large Begonias, and other plants. From Hovey dz. Co., 15 Caladiums,
including Hastatum, Chantini, Belleymei, Argyrites, Wightii, Barraquini,
Broigniartii, Newmanii, die. ; a superb Chinese Palm, Bonapartea juncea,
Musa Cavendishii, Yucca aloifolia variegata, Maranta pulchella, Wigandia
carracasana, Pandanus, two Latania borbonica, a Coleus, Rhopala corcova-
densis, 10 feet high, Draceena terminalis, gracilis and braziliensis ; 12
Ferns, among t'lem Pteris tricolor, and P. tremula, and Polypodium aurenm ;
six Fuchsias, two very large Thujopsis borealis (8 feet), the rare and ele-
gant Hibiscus Cooperi, and many other plants. W. T. Merrifield of Wor-
cester sent a superb Ananassa Sativa var. in fruit Rhopala Jonghei, Pan-
danus, the variegated Aloe, Crotons, Marantas, Pavetta borbonica, several
Caladiums, Begonias, and several Ferns. W. C. Strong furnished a pretty
collection of small plants. J. McTear, a variety of Ferns, plants in bloom.
Gloxinias, &.c. From F. Parkman, all the new Japanese Evergreen trees,
in pots, such as the Retinosporas, Thujopsis dolabrata var., a very pretty
collection of small specimens. From H. H. Hunnewell, two grand speci-
mens of Araucaria imbricata, about 10 feet high, and many other plants.
Gov. Sprague of Providence sent six pine apples, in fruit, all well-grown
and handsome specimens.

Bouquets and Baskets of Cut Flowers. — ^These were more numer-
ous than usual. From Hovey &. Co. came two immense bouquets, for the
Society's vases. Hand and table bouquets, of various styles, were shown
by J. Nugent, M. P. Wilder, J. McTear, H. Grundell, W. C Strong and
Wm. Wales ; some of these were very beautiful. Baskets of flowers were
contributed by Misses Pierce, Kenrick, Westgate, Russell, Chase, and
others, some of them most tastefully arranged. Some wreaths, crosses,
anchors, &c., contributed to make this department very interesting.

Cut Flowers. — The dry weather has been so severe that these were
not up to the usual standard ; in fact there was a scarcity, and some of the
stands were rather inferior, but among them were superb Gladiolus and
Asters. Messrs. Hovey sent a very large collection of splendid Asters,
with a variety of other flowers ; Mr. Wheeler, a collection of very fine
Double Zinnias ; W. C. Strong, J. E. Westgate, Jos. Breck, F. Parkman,

OCTOBER. 815

E. Wason, J. McTear and Geo. Crafl, contributed cat flowers in variety.
James Barrett sent a large collection of native flowers.

Dahlias were inferior; a few good specimens came from Hovey & Co.,
bat there was scarcely any competition for the prizes.

PREMIUMS FOR PLANTS, FLOWERS, &.C.

Pi.AifT8 I2f Pots. — For the best collection of twenty, to the Botanic Gar-
den, Cambridge, $25.

For the next best, to W. T. Merrifield, $20.

For the next best, to Hovey &. Co., $15.

For the next best, to W. C. Strong, $10.
SpRciMBif Plant. — For the best, to the Botanic Garden, for Rhopala

Jonghei, $5.
Variboatbo Leaved Plants. — For the best, to Jona. French, $10.

For the next best, to Hovey & Co., $8.

For the next best, to W. T. Merrifield, $G.
Gloxinias. — For the best, to J. McTear, $6.
Caladiums. — For the best 6, to Jona. French, $8.

For the next best, to Hovey & Co., $5.
PsftNs.— For the best 12, to Jona. French, $8.

For the next best, to the Botanic Garden, $6.
For the best 6, to H. H. Hunnewell, $5.

For the next best, to J. McTear, $3.
Marantas. — For the best, to the Botanic Garden, $5.

For the next best, to W. T. Merrifield, $3.
Plants in Bloom.— For the best, to J. McTear, $6.
BseoNiAS.— For the best, to Jona. French, $5.

For the next best, to H. H. Hunnewell, $3.
FucBsiAs.— For the best, to Hovey & Co., $3.
VARiseATED Plant. — For the best, to Jona. French, for Cissns discolor, $5.

For the next best, to Botanic Garden, for Pandanus variegatus, $3.
Coxcombs— For the best, to Geo. Leland, $3.
Dablias. — For the best 24 blooms, to Hovey &. Co., $5.

For the next best, to W. C. Strong, $4.

For the next best, to C. J. Power, $3.
Cut Flowers.— For the best, to W. C. Strong, $16.

For the next best, to J. Breck, $14.

For the next best, to J. £. Westgate, $12.

For the next best, to $10.

For the next best, to $8.

For the next best, to J. McTear, $6.
Parlor Bouquets.— For the second best, to W. C. Strong.
Hand Bou^^uets. — For the best, to H. Grnndell.

For the second best, to J. Nugent.
Larob Bou<^ubts. — ^For the be t, to Hovey & Co., $12.

Numerous gratuities were awarded for plants, flowers, bouquets, dtc,

816 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTTCULTUItE.

among which was one of $10 to H. H. HniiDewell, for two magnificent
speciraefis of Araucaria imbricata.

Fruit. — The show of fruit was unprecedented. Dry as the summer has
been it seemed to moke no difference in the magnificence of the speci-
mens. Better pears, or at least in such quantity, were never before exhib-
ited at one time. Under all the adverse circumstances of the season, no
better evidence is needed of the zeal and energy of our cultivators in tbe
growth of this fruit, and their determination to bring it up to the highest
standard. The competition for the large collections was perhaps not quite
80 great as the last year, but for the smaller collections and single dishes,
which come within the reach of amateurs, it was very great. There were
no less than 62 competitors for the single dishes, It) more than last year.
Of course any attempt to do justice to the fine specimens would require
more space than we have at our command ; but we cannot omit to notice
a few of the grand specimens of pears. These were the Duchesse, from
T. Groom, J. Nudd, J.C. Chase, and J. Haley ; the Beurr^ Bosc of Messrs.
Nudd, Dickinson, C. N. Brackett, J. Eaton, and J. Stickney; the 0e
Tongres of Messrs. Nudd, Haley and Butterfield ; the Howell of J.
Eaton and M. P. Wilder; the Dix of Mr. Dickinson; the Beurr^ Die! of
Messrs. Dickinson and W. Gray, Jr. ; the Sheldon of Dr. Fiske and Hovey
& Co. ; the Louise Bonne of Messrs. Davis and De Wolf; the Seckel of
Dr. Fiske ; the Doyenne du Comice of Hovey & Co. ; the B&rtleti of
Hovey &. Co. and Dickinson ; the Beurr^ Superfin of Mr. Clapp' ; the
Marie Louise of J. Savage ; the Glout Morceau of Mr. Dickinson and De
Wolf; the Beurr6 Hardy of Hovey &. Co. ; the Lawrence of Mr.. Leavens;
the Hovey (Dana's) of Vandine and Hovey dz. Co. were shown as a large
pear, — all of most remarkable growth, the 12 Bartletts of Mr. Dickuoeon
weighing 10 pounds, and one of the Duchesse of Mr. Groom weighing 24
ounces.

Grapes were not so good as last year, yet some of the specimens were
extra, and nearly all fully ripe. Messrs. Davis &> Bates had a beautiful
Fhow of 10 varieties of native sorts, among which were the Adirondac,
fully ripe, the Rebecca, Allen's Hybrid, Union Village, Crevelling, Dela-
ware, and others. This collection most deservedly obtained the highest
prize, for the variety as well as the perfect condition of the grapes. Two
bunches of lona were sent by £. A. Brackett Among foreign grapes
were some fine specimens, particularly the Bowood Muscat and Cannon
Hall, in the collection of Mrs. Durfee, which carried off the prize, estab-
lishing the reputation of Mr. Young as the Meredith of our cultivators.
Buckland Sweetwater, from H. H. Hunnewell, were the best of this fine
sort yet exhibited here, and remarkably well grown, good size bunches, and
very large berries ; his Bowood Muscats were also extra. Mr. Rogers tent
very superb Barbarossa, which his gardener, Mr. McGee, cultivates with wo
much success. We hope to see 10-pound bunches another year.

Of apples the show was limited; Messrs. Clapp and Clement were the
principal exhibitors, and their specimens were, as usual, excellent. Peachei
were few, but good, and added to the beauty of the display.

OCTOBER. 817

The collections of pears, for which prizes were offered again this year,
were large and very fine. Messrs. Hovey &. Co. had 160 varieties, includ-
ing several new sorts, and Hon. M. P. Wilder 1 15 varieties, also containing
some new kinds. Mr. Vandine had about 50 varieties, which compriged
those exhibited in this class. We counted upwards of 1100 plates of pears,
most of which contained 12 specimens each, or more than 100 bushels!
These came from about 100 contributors, and we can only give this aggre-
gate of the Exhibition.

Prizes were awarded as follows :

AWARD or PREMIUMS FOR FRUITS.

Pears. — For the largest and best collection, of 165 varieties, to Hovey &
Co., $40.

For the second best, to Marshall P. Wilder, $30.
For the best twenty varieties, to Hovey & Co., $25.

For the second best, to Davis & Bates, Canibridgeport, $00.

For the third best, to M. P. Wilder, $16.
For the best fifteen varieties, to J. C. Chase, Cambridgeport, $15.

For the second best, to William Crafts, Roxbury, $12.

For the third best, to J. Stickney, Watertown, $10.
For the best ten varieties, to J. Nudd, Cambridgeport, $10.

For the second best, to J. B. Kendall, Somerville, $8.

For the third best, to A. Dickinson, Cambridgeport, $6.
For the best five varieties, to J. B. Loomis, Chelsea, $6.

For the second best, to R. Wason, $5.
For the best twelve Bartlett, to J. Eaton, Cambridgeport, $5.
For the best twelve Beurr6 Bosc, to J. Nudd, $5.
For the best twelve Seckel, to J. C. Chise, $5.
For the best twelve Swan's Orange, to E. Wason, $5.
For the best twelve Louise Bonne, to Davis & Bates, $5.
For the best twelve Urbaniste, to A. Dickinson, $5.
For the best twelve Duchesse, to J. C. Chase, $5.
For the best twelve Beurr^ Diel, to A. Dickinson, $5.
For the best twelve Bearr^ d'Anjou, to J. C. Poor, Somerville, $5.
For the best twelve Sheldon, to Dr. R. T. P. Fiske, Hingham, $5.
For the best twelve Beurr6 Superfin, to F. Clapp, Dorchester, $5.
For the best twelve Doyenni dn Cornice, to Hovey & Co., $5.
For the best twelve Glout Morcean, to A. Dickinson, $5.
For the best twelve Belle Lucrative, to William Gray, Jr., $5.
AppLRS. — For the largest and 'best collection, to F. Clapp, $25.
"For the best five varieties, to W. A. Crafts, $6.

For the second best, to J. B. Moore, $5.

For the third best, to James Eustis, $4.
For the best twelve specimens, to J. B. Moore, $5.

For the second best, to F. Clapp, $4.

F6r the third best, to George Pierce, $3.
PtACBRs* — For die best eollection, to Asa Clement, $5.

For the third best, to Francis Dana, $2.

318 THE MAGAZINE OF HOSnCULTURB.

Grapes, (Foreign.) — For the best three bunches Black Hambargh, to R.
W. Turner, $5.
For the second best, to Mrs. T. G. Ward, $4.
For the best 3 bunches of any other black sort, to Mrs. T. G. Ward, $5.

For the second best, to R. S. Rogers, $4.
For the best two varieties, two bunches each, to Richard S. Rogers, $5.
For the second best, to E. H. Luke, $4.
For the third best, to C. E. Grant, $3.
For the fourth best, to John S. Pierce, 0Z.
For the host collection, six varieties, to Mrs. Durfee, $10.
For the second best, to R. W. Turner, $8.
For the third best, to H. H. Hunnewell, $6.
Grapes, (Native.) — For the largest and best collection, to Davis Sl Bates,
$15.
For the next best, to W. C. Strong, $10.
For the best six bunches of Delaware, to Stephen M. Weld, $4.
For the best six bunches of Isabella, to C. E. Grant, $4.
For the best six bunches of Concord, to J. B. Moore, $4.
For the best six bunches of Rebecca, to Geo. B. Cutter, $4.
For the best six bunches of any other, to E. A. Brackett for lona, $4.
Gratuities por Pears. — For large collection, to Henry Vandine, $15.
To Seth W. Fowle, $9. To A. Beal, C. N. Brackett, G. W. Ireland,
J. H. Smith, Samuel Sweetser, $5 each. To Henry L. Chase, Horace
Partridge, Warren Heustis, $4 each. To John C. Park, John Savage, Jr.,
J. H. Fenno, John D. Dodges, Mrs. R. P. Bancroft, J. S. Sleeper, $3 each.
To Geo. B. Cord well, J. P. Rand, G. A. Godbold, E. V. Monroe, E. Wason,
G. W. Wason, W. E. Coffin, Wm. T. Hall, Josiah Crosby, J. A. Kenrick,
Charles H. Gallup, $2 each. Several other gratuities were awarded of
$1 each.

Gratuity for Apples. — For collection, to Asa Clement
Gratuities for Grapes. — For collection, to G. W. Harding, $4. To
Anson Dexter, $2. To Francis Dana, R. T. P. Fiske, C. F. Gerry, Dr. A.
Torrey, Oliver Bennett, Stephen M. Weld, $3 each. To Mrs. a R.
Johnson, B. C. Vose, J. H. Sanborn, $2 each.

VsQETABLEt. — ^Tho display of vegetables was remarkably good, and the
excellent opportunity for arrangement in the lower Hall, added greatly to
the attraction and interest in this department. The contributions were
numerous, and the specimens of cabbages, squashes, sweet corn, and
tomatoes, large and superior. The Hubbard Marrow, Turban, Yokahama,
and Canada Crook Neck, from 12 exhibitors, were all fine, and true to
name. Three Marblehead Drumhead cabbages weighed, respectively, 27,
24, and 23 pounds. Sweet com had 16 rows on many of the ears. Two
Mammoth squashes weighed, each, 132 and 105 pounds. Cook's Favorite,
Tilden, and Valencia tomatoes, were fine specimens of these new and
excellent sorts. We cannot attempt an enameration of the varioos ^ontri-
bntioos, and roust refer to the report, when ready, for the details, as well as
the list of premiums.

OCTOBER. 819

Jiortitttltol #peraiions

FOR OCTOBER.
FRUIT DEPARTMENT.

• The coDtinned dry weather is unprecedented, and trees and plants of all
kinds are suiTerin^ severely for the want of moistore. Where this has not
been at command, fruits of all kinds are small, and the trees have already,
in many places shed their leaves. There is one compensation, the early
growth, what there was has been thoroughly ripened, and a severe winter,
should it occur, will not be likely to injure them.

Vines, in the early houses, will now begin to break, and will require
much attention. Syringe morning at d evening, until the buds are all well
'Started, and maintain an even but not high temperature, which can easily
be done at this season with only slight fires at night Before the weather
gets frosty cover the border with three or four inches of strawy manure.
As the shoots advance keep them tied in, and allow an abundance of air in
all favorable weather. Vines in the greenhouse and grapery, now at rest,
will require but little attention. To secure thoroughly ripened wood is the
great object. Vines in cold houses will now have their crop fully mature,
or partially cut, and, as there are no means of heating, the house should be
closed early in cold evenings to retain the sun heat, and preserve the fruit
as long as possible. Hardy grapes may now be partially or wholly pruned,
and got in readiness to lay down for the winter, next month.

Strawberrt Beds should continue to receive attention. Owing to the
dry weather in this neighborhood new beds have done poorly. Now is a
good time to fill gaps where they have died. Keep all weeds down, as
this month, if there is rain, a vigorous growth will be made. Prepare
ground for spring planting.

Orchard-house Trees should be very sparingly watered, in order to
ripen the wood, and they must be protected from such frosts as will harden
the soil. Keep them in a sunny spot, and cover the pots with leaves.

Pear trees may be transplanted as soon as the leaves fall.

Currants and Raspberries may be transplanted this month.

FLOWER DEPARTMENT.

No frosts of any severity have yet occurred, but no time should be lost
' in protecting all plants. Frames are best for keeping young stock until the
i^tether is too severe. Take up and pot all kinds of plants wanted for
winter blooming. Attend to the storing of soils for winter use. Use as
little fire heat as possible, until it is actually required, as plants do better
than when coddled in the early part of the winter. A temperature of 40^
to 45^ at night will do, unless plenty of flowers are wanted.

Camellias shoold have an occasional syringing, and moderate wtterings
Rt this season.

820 THE MAGAZINE OP HOBTICULTUBE.

Azaleas, nnless wanted for early blooming, ehould be pnt into the
coldest part of the houee. Attend now to staking and tying the plants
into ahape. Water sparingly.

Cbrtsantuemums should be liberally watered, using liquid manure, or
guano, freely. Keep in a rather dry, airy place.

Pelargoniums, repotted last month, should now have a place near the
glass, and be kept cool, and rather dry.

Roses, taken up from the open ground, should be placed in a frame for
a few weeks, shading from the hot sun, till established.

Poiif8k,TTiA8, and other plants, requiring beat, should have a good place
in the warmest part of the house.

Sweet Altssum, and other annuals, for winter flowering, should be
potted and k^^pt in a cool frame.

Htacinths, and other bulbs, may be potted for early blooming in the
house.

Callas should have plenty of water, and a good sonny place.

IxiAS Ann Sparaxis should be potted.

Ox A LIS should be potted, if not already done.

Lilacs, of various kinds, may be potted for early blooming.

Pamst Seeds may lie planted now, for blooming in the spring.

Heaths should bekept in a cool, airy part of the house.

Cactlses should be more sparingly watered, except the EpipbyUwn
troncatum.

Caladiums should now be allowed to dry off, and the tubers wintered,
dry and warm.

Ferns should be more sparingly watered, and have a wann place, fkee
firom draughts of air.

DftACiBrfAS, and similar plants, will now have made their growth, end
unless there is plenty of heat, should be kept rather dry.
* Monthly Carnations should be potted, and placed in a cool hoose, aesr
the glass.

FLOWER garden AND 8HRUBBBRT.

Continue to keep the lawn and walks in good order, sweeping, raking
and rolling oflen. Nothing adds more to the comfort of the garden than
nice, clean, hard walks.

Hyacinth and other spring bulbs, may be planted now.

Japan and other lilies onay be taken up and reset

PjcoNiRs may be transplanted.

Herbaceous Plants, of all kinds, may be taken up, divided, and reset •

Gladiolus should be taken up before severe frosts. *

Dahlias should be dug up and removed to the cellar, out of the rmeh
ef frost

Carnations should be taken up and reset, or potted and kept in a frame.

Half-IJardt Plants, such as Tritomas, AgapantheSi dtc, should be
jtaken up and removed to the greenhouse, or a cool cellar.

IXETT l^^OMC

on Tite

ORCHARD-HOUSE

CORDON TRAINING OF FRUIT TREES

ORCHARD-HOUSE AND OPEN AIR.

By T. COLLINGS BREHAUT.

WITH A

SUPPLEMENT

REMARKS ON CORDON TRAINING or THE PEAR; THE CITITIVATION

AM) BEITNING OF FEACH TREES IN POTS; THE BEST

VARIETIES OF FRUITS FOR POT CUXTITRE;

A N 1>

GENERAL REMARXS ON ORCHARB-HOTJSES ADAPTED TO THE CLIMATE
OF THE UJilTJiD ST ATES>

BY C- M. HOVEY,

l*hfc^m£Kf UF I Its ilAaS*CitUSJtTTS HOaXlCULTURAL SilCmTJ „

1 voL> octavo, Pilce, $1.25,

Thie vdume contninH, in addilion to the large ex|>enence of Mr. Brehnut, all tile in^r-
mntitjTi Deed fill for the ctiltiralor to successrully cultivate the peach tree in pots, by the
KtiilOf, HitJi eek-cti*>iis of the beat fruits adapted to the Orchard-House and Pot Culture.

FubUsbed bf Hoy ey & Co.^ 53 North Market St , Boston.

THE

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE,

FOll 1SG5.

Horticultural Science, Landscape Gardening,
and Rural Art.

A NEW VOLUME

COMMENCES ON THE FIRST OF JANUARY, 1865.

THE FIRST VOLrHfG OF TH£ FIFTH SKAtBS,

EDITED BY C- M. HOVEY,
AUTHOR OF THE FRUITS OF AMERICA.

COHPLETK SKTS IN THIRTT VOlHtrilKS, HANPSOMELT BOUFD^ TWO DOl*l.4WB BACH-

The Firal Volume at the Fifth ^k«ikb (Vol* XXXL) commeneee on ihe firai of

January, It hns now been so k*(i|f More the public^ and m eo popular thmu^hont the
country, tliat it won Id appear auperflnoua to ur^re its claiuis upon (he Attention ot' cullivii
tors, amaleum, or gentlemen luterei^led in Horticuhiiral pnrBuits* It hna been hig^hly
influential in diflTuaing a laate for Gardening and Rural Art everywhere, tnd ii* an almost
indiflpenaable aid to the Pomolog-iet, the lover of Flo we m, the Country Gentleman, and
all who fee! the least interested in the cultivation of trees and plants, in the adornment of
their gardens and grounda^or in the spread of a taate for Ruml improvement. To enlmrg«
its influence^ corresponding with tins advance of ta$le, and the tncreasing number of cul-
livatora throughout Lbe country^ is the object and auibilion of the editor*
It will embrace, among oilier kindred subjects, the following i —

The Kitchen Garden,

Reviews of Horticultural Works^

Subufhan VisitB,

Foreign Nolicea,

Mimthty Gossips

Replies to Questions,

Reports of Horticultural Soeietie**.

The Progrees of Horticulture,
Tlie Science of Cultivation^
Descriptiona of aJI New Fruits,
Deacriplions of all New Flowers,
Descriptiotis of nil Now Trees and Shniha/
Pomological Gossip,
Landscape Gardenmjj,

And tu fiicilitiite the labors of cukivaiors^ a

Moathly Calendar of Horticultural Operations

will be given in d^^lail, and udnpled to the wanfa of amateur cuUivatora, reuiimltng them
nf the routine of opr* rations wlncij arc necessary to be perforuied in the Frnit Ganlefu
Flower Giirden, Ornimental Grouudd, Greeohauses, Grapery^and Kitchen Garden^ thrtiagh
ihe varying seaflonB of the year* In fine, giving all the inform ition which th^ am-iteur
or the country gentleman requires to manage sucoeesfully the sin illest or largest garden.

In the thirty volutnea now com|>leted, more than J\lw fhutdnd Dnnmn^a of the
Newest and Finest Fruits have appeared, many of them in no other work, and upwards
of Eighteen Hundred other Engravings, illustrating tho great variety of subjet-ts tre;Hed
upon. No pains will be spared to render the Magazine what U has heretofofe bcerj—
ihe mo"?t valUible Horticultural periodical extant.

Teaws, Two Dollars a year, invariably in advance. Font copies to one ftddr«»9 St^
Dollars.

HOVEY & CO.,
50 ITorth. Market Street, Booti^n, Msm*

Fiftli Seriei, VoL L

MAGAZINE

HORTICULTURE,

BOTANY,

AND Ai.f, rSKFtrr PISCOVERIES AKD IMFROTKirKKTS

IK UUEiL AFFAias.

" Jp ToadTflU^ ^chtafTcr toul l'ii,ii]T«n lie inon goat |wur Im jnriliu I] me pctnble qnHl ««<
IrapOHd h ]r t^u 'u n m trhknt puluw J ^iiVOlJf II n Vtt point lie TortuA q it«^ Jo n« »ur pcv« ^ wlu 1 ^ul
■Imti i pftrirr et i IJitn da Jftrdliw^ Far^ d« fkraUl*, lii«plre» la. iaratiiDmiin^ k von ■■ii£kD«.'^

No. CCCLXXI.
NOVEMBER, 1865.

EDITED BY C. M. HOVEY,

AUTHOR OV TlIK FRUITS OF AMKHICA.

RMObkKT Miiuu or THi Hci»i«vtn!>.tt toeiRiM or ciscliniiTi, rm aiTM. :<««
Kn»«ti, aoiwuTU, loentatu, sunAU, clitiuhi, wiuiisigtox, *n:. tm

BOSTON:

PUBLISHED BY HOVEY t CO.

63 NORTH MARJUCT STRKKT, OPPOSITE FASKUIL HALL
TWO |>ONLAftS A TEAK^

VOL. XXXL

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

FIFTH SE' lES, VOL. I-OR, VOL. XXXI.

Established in 1835.

TERMS:

Oub CiipT^ oTtK YEAft, iiiVitTmbly in ndvnnce^ - - Two Dollars.
Four Cupri:s, " " *i *» , , Sfivin DoLLAHi,

VoLuuE roR I8tl3| HandBoinely Bound in Cloth*

Two DotLAhS, FiFTT CeNTS.

Volumes for 1860, '61, '6% '63, *t>4, Uornid. and

SubFcriplion fur 161)5, - - *--_*. Fourtekx DoLLiiitR.
Complete Sets, in 30 volunies, bound, - - * Fj ft i Dollars.
Ma<}a^ijve &i]d noRTicDLTURJST, one yoflr, <- Folr Dollari.

** *' Gardewers* MoiVTHLT, one yeJir,

Three Dollars, Seventt-Five Certi.
" ** the TJiree Magazines,

Five Dollars, Sevei^tf Ffve Cewts.

SiAOLE CoriESi -- -- Twenty Cents.

A full flet of the Ma^nzine forms a complete Encyclopedia of Horti-
c allure, embracing every i? object connt'Cted with the Garden, and w &
Library in itself. Addrc^e,

HOVEY & CO., Fublisberfi,
53 NuRTH Market ESt., BosTurt.

CONTENTS.

1. Ornanieiitfll Poliaged Trees, - ^"11

2. Impresaiona of Etiglish Scenery* By II. W. Sargent, Esq*, itiS

3. Pomoiogicnl Gossip, ..-.,._, ;i30

4. The Spring Flower-Garden. From the Gardeners' Chronicle, ^Xi

5. Floricultural Notices, - ;j-t9

6. SocJetiei, .-,-_ ;m

7. Mafljuchnsetta Horticultural Society, - - . - - ^HA

8. Horticultural Operations for November, - - ^ - ;i50

Cash Advertisingr Terms for 1865.

One page, each insertion, ^-10 (JO. Half piige, each insertion, $10 00.
Lesa than h'llf pnge, 25 cents per line, euch insertioD,
3d and 4th Cover pages^ $30 per page.
Eacti page contains 65 lines of space. No discount allowed from these
rates.

Advertisements, to insure insertion, should be sent to the publishers by
the 22d of the month preceding th&t in which they are to appear. Ad-
verlkerd will please specify the amount of room they wish their ndver-
ti9ementj3 to occupy, and the number of times to be inserted.

Address HOVEY Sl CO.,

53 North Maeket Street, Bosto:*.

CJ* The Postage on the Magaiine is U cti>; if paid in advance, qnar-
terly, 12 els. a yean

H. W OUTTOir ft S03<l, HiltKtlW,

Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

TO THE TRADE.

JAPAN LILIES.

HO^EY & CO.

NO. 68 NOBTH MABKET 8TBEET,
BOSTON,

Offer for s^e one of the largfest Collections of the splendid Japan Lilies, including many
of their fine seedlings, which have been increased in sufficient quantity to offer to the
trade. Th^we Seedlings have been produced by hybridization with our hardiest kinds
and are much stronger growers than the original species, throwing up stems five feet
high, eoDtaining firom fifteen to twenty flowers.

The prices by the doien are as follows : — '

Lancifdium album, pure white, 9400

^ pnnctatum (true), with delicate pink spots, 9 00

^ rosemn, rose-spotted, - - • - - - . -. 400

" rubrum, crimson-spotted, ----...-400

** selected seedlings, very finely spotted, - . - . . 4 00

Melpomene, with deep blood-colored spots, - - - - . . -1500

Terpsichore, large, rosy crimson spots, • . - . . . . -900

Urania, blusii-ti^d and crimson-spotted, ---.--.900

ThaHa, ^)otted with ruby, - 9 00

thra, distinct, dwarf, rosy lilac spots, 900

Iianoifblium, rabmm and roseam, by the 100 or 1000 at liberal rates.

ALSO, THB roLLowirre piue lilies bt the doze a: —

L. Brownii, a superb white flower, trumpet-shaped, six inches long, - - - 12 00
Ezimna, true, ve'iy large trumpet-shaped white flowers, « - . . . 4 00
Corn's Hybrid, with deep blood-colored and spotted flowers, . - . 5 00
Superbum, a splendid lily, red and orange-spotted, six feet high, - - - 4 00
Candidnm, the old white lily, .-----. -IdOO
Longiflorom. with very large white trumpet-shaped flowers, . . . 2 00

Tignnia, (Tiger lily,| -.-.-150

Martagon, various colors, ---... ...-400

CSialcedonicum, with small scarlet flowers, --.....400

Bulbs ready fbr delivery October 10th.

The months of October and November is the best season for planting these Lilies in
the open ground. For cultivation in pdta^ they should be planted at the same time, and
be wintered in a frame, protected firom severe frosts, or they may be kept diy till February
and then potted. They will then bloom beautifully in July and August No i^ants of
recent introduction are more valuable than the Japan Lilies. Aug.

Advertising Sheet of the Mag, of Horticulture.

GLADIOLUS BRENCHLYENSIS.

TO THE TRADE.
HOVEY & CO.

Oflbr for sale a large stock of sound, healthy bulbs of this showy Gladiolus, the finest
and freest blooming of its class. Color Vermilion Scarlet; the brightest variety
known, and admirably adapted for planting in masses, to produce a brilliant eflfect

No. ] Bulbs, selected, $10 per 100.

Na 2 Bulbs, ^G per 100, all flowering balbs.

SEEDLING GLADIOLI.

A fine stock of Selected Seedlings, of all shades of color, #10 per 100.
CHOICE NAMED VARIETIES.
A large stock of all the very finest varieties, for 20 cents to $5 each.

HOVEY & CO.,

, 53 North Markbt Strbbt, Boston.

CHOICE CRAPE VINES.

HOVEY & CO.

Ofitr for sale the following superior varieties of Grape Vines, of strong and vigoroua

growth, and fine roots.
Allbr's Htbiid, 1,2, and 8 year old vines of this new, wetl-known and saperb white grape.
IsRABLLA, 1 and 2 year old vines of this new grape,, with bunches of large sixe, uid

ripening very early.
lonA, 1 and 2 year old vines of this excellent sort, which has ripened this year as early

as the Delaware.
Adirokdac, 1, 2, and 3 year old vines. Thb variety is earlier than Hartford ProlifiCf

and nearly or quite equal to the Hamburgh.
OmBVBLLiiie, 1 and 2 year old vines of this fine grape, which is becoming more hij^jr

appreciated every year.
DBL4WARB, 1, 2, and 3 year old vines of this popular and well-known varie^.
D1AIU9 If % And 3 year old vines of this high -flavored and excellent sort

Also, a fine stock of 1, 2, and 3 year old vines of
HABTFOBD FBOLIFIO,

UNION VILLAGE,

FBAMINGHAM,

BBBBOCA,

BOGEBS, No. 4 and 16.

OONOOBD.
A^ wel^kaown and popular grapes, grown in the open ground, without forcing^ with
well-ripened wood and strong roots.

Pull descriptive catalogues of Fruit Trees, Grape Vines, Strawbenries, dt«., tent to all
applieants, on the receipt of a 3 cent stamp.

Address HOVEY & CO.,

53 NoRTB Market Strrrt, Bostoit.

Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

DUTCH

BULBOUS FLOWER ROOTS.

We have just received per Steamship Africa, a large and select assortment of the above
ft.¥orite flowering plants, from one of the most celebrated Florists in Holland, and the
eame source as those heretofore sold by us, which have given such perfect satisfaction.

The issortment embraoes the finest . . ^

Double and Single Hyacinths;

Early Single, Double, and Late Tulips;

Polyanthus NiEurcissus ;

Double and Single Narcissus ;

Jonquils;

Crocus, New Varieties;

Grown Imperials;

Iris, English and Spanish;

Snowdrops; Hardy Gladiolus; Scillas;

Japan, and ether lilies, &c. &c.

All the Tarieties of wtjich were selected by us, and can be relied upon as htaog of the
beat description and quality.
Aim a fine assortment of

GREENHOUSE BULBS,

COMFRlSlNe

CYCLAMENS, IXIAS, OXALIS, SPARAXI8,
TRITONIA, TRITELEA. &c. &c.

Our Descriptive Catalogue, containing full directions for the Cultivation of IBblba ia
the open groand and in pots, nukiled to all applicants on the receipt of a three cent stampi.

HOVEY & CO.
No. 53 North Market Street, Br

Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

NEW YELLOW TEA ROSE:

CATOEKDVE SPBUNT.

A constant and abundant bloomer, with the habit and free-growinff aualities of Tea
Saf[rano-'M)f which it ib a seedling — and differing only in the color (» flower, which is
invariably of a pure deep sulphur yellow.

This is an excellent winter-flowering Rose, and a great acquisition in bouquet making.
Strong one year old plants, establisheo in pots, will be sent out at (8 each ; larger plants,
1^3 to $5 each ; as soon as subscriptions for one thousand plants are received.

Orders booked and sent strictly in rotation.

ISAAC BUCHANAN, Florist,

9 West 17th Street, New York.

Oct.--2t

Ghrape Vines for Vineries.

HOVBT & OO.

Offer for sale one of the largest and most complete collections of Foreign Grapes
in the country, embracing every popular variety of merit, all raised ftom eyes from
our own bearing vines, and true to name, as follows: —

Black Hamburgh, Canadian Chie(^

Black Hamburgh, Wilmot's No. 16, Muscat de Sarbelle,

Black Hamburgh, Wiknot's, Muscat Madeira,

Victoria, Muscat St. Laurent,

Mill Hill Hamburgh, Purple Sweet Water,

White Fronti^an, Champion Hamburgh,

Grizzly Frontignan, ' Muscat of Alexandria,

Black Frontignan, Tottenham Park Muscat,

Chasseks of Fontainebleau, • MacreadVs^Sariy White,

Black Prince, Zinfindal,

Lombardy, White Nice,

West's St Peters, Reigne de Nice,

Gros Bleu, Syrian,

Barbarossa, White Tokay,

Muscat Blanc Hatif, Golden Hamburgh,

Bowker, Pope Hamburgh,

Trentham Black, Austrian Muscat.

Muscat Hamburgh, Prolific Sweetwater,

Bowood Muscat, Cdllaba,

Royal Muscadine, Richmond Villa,

Chaptal. Trebbiana,

Lady Downes. Marchioness of Hastings,

Moranet, Canou Hall Muscat.
Decaodolle,

Pine strong vines, one and two years old, in pots, ready for immediate planting
Prices on application. 53 North Marsst Street.

ORNAMENTAL FOUAGED TREES.

With the introduction of the beautiful ornamental foliaged
plants, and particularly the superb maples, which have recently
been received from Japan, the taste for trees with ornamental
leaves has greatly increased, and the demand for such trees
for grouping and planting in pleasure grounds and plantations
has rapidly augmented. In our climate, with our numerous
American species of oaks, maples, £c.,no ornamental foliaged
trees can compare with the autumnal tints of our landscape
scenery ; so that at this season, we scarcely need the aid of
such trees. But this period is so exceedingly short, that we
can only enjoy their rich and varied hues for a few week?,
when their leafless branches are all that remain of so much
variety and splendor. But it is gratifying to know that
beauty of this kind is not, after all, so evanescent ; that we
have now, not perhaps in all the variety that nature so pro-
fusely spreads out before us, but an approximation to her rich
colors, in the accession of ornamental foliaged trees like tlie
purple beech, the purple maple, the purple elm, the purple
hazel, the purple berberry, and others of a similar character,
and if the Japan maples prove hardy, and easy to multiply,
we have a ricli acquisition of similar, but more varied colored
foliage, which will give to our summer scenery much of tlie
gorgeous aspect of early autumn. Like other departments of
gardening the demand is only required, when the supply
soon becomes abundant. Not many years ago we had but
few variegated leaved trees, but the close observation of
enthusiastic cultivators has reclaimed from young nurseries
many accidental seedlings of singular elegance, which, but for
the increasing desire to possess these varied objects of natural
beauty might have been grubbed up and thrown aside as use-
less rubbish. The Japanese, it is stated, have one or more
variegated varieties of almost every plant cultivated in their
gardens, and we may well believe it, after the numerous
additions of this kind which have been made by Mr. Fortune,

TOL. zzxi. — ^NO. zi. 21

322 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTUBB.

Dr. Hall, and Messrs. Veitch and Hogg. Our own catalogues
are becoming enriched by similar ^acquisitions by cultivators
at home and abroad, and we doubt not a few years will add
many more to the number we already possess. Already the
evergreen or coniferous trees arc yielding to the process of pro-
duction by fertilization, or accidental origin, and the arbor vitae,
the cypress, the yew, the epruce, and even the Washingtonia,
afford beautiful variegated leaved varieties. These are all
admirable aids in the formation of ornamental grounds, and
add mucli to the character of every plantation. All who have
seen the elegant Golden Yews of Mr. Hunnewell at Wellesley,
will admit that variegated leaved trees not only produce
beautiful effects wherever introduced, among other trees, but
are individually objects of the most pleasing and ornamental
character.

The Gardeners' Chronicle has recently had much to say
regarding ornamental leaved trees, aiid a correspondent, who
we doubt not to be Mr. Fortune himself, has some very
judicious and instructive remarks on the importance of this
class of trees. Mr. Bateman, a gentleman of much taste,
and deeply interested in trees and plants, also, took occasion,
while delivering a lecture before the Royal Horticultural
Society, to allude to them, and spoke particularly of some of
the most conspicuous, among which was the variegated Acer
Xegundo, and some others. Following up this subject, and
the general taste for fine foliage, Mr. Fortune makes the
following remarks, which we copy, and commend to the notice
of all interested in fine foliaged trees :

In drawing the attention of our readers to the rage whibh
sometimes exists amongst us for certain tribes of plants, we
endeavored to show that, on the whole, this enthusiasm is
not without its good results. It may be true that this marked
preference for certain, families of plants, or for what we
suppose to be an improved race of florists' flowers, maj
sometimes overshoot the mark, yet upon the whole we have
. no reason to regret the general results, which are certainly
of the most satisfactory kind. Our gardens are rendered
more gay and enjoyable, and our parks and pleasure-grounds

NOTEMBER. 323

have added to them quite a new feature by the introduction
of foreign trees and shrubs. Moreover, the results are also
apparent in our forests and on our hill sides, and a goodly
number of exotic trees, which have made themselves at home
with us, are likely to become of considerable importance, not
only on account of the effect they produce upon our land-
scapes, but also in a commercial point of view, owing to the
value of their timber. For these results, therefore, we would
give every encouragement to horticultural or arboricultural
enthusiasm, thankful for the good it leaves with us, and
excusing any little prejudices or imperfections which may be
perhaps inseparably connected with it.

Our main object in alluding to this subject was to direct
the attention of our arboriculturists and landscape gardeners
into a somewhat different channel. We acknowledge, with
gratitude, the effects which have been produced upon our
garden and park scenery by the introduction of many trees
and shrubs of foreign origin. Need we name as examples
the Indian Deodar, the Araucaria of South America, the
Pines of California and Southern Europe, the Glycine of
China, and a thousand other things which are now naturalized
in England. There is however, one class of trees which have
been hitherto much neglected, but which we are glad to see
are now attracting the attention of landscape gardeners and
planters — we allude to those which have deeply-colored
foliage. Upon this class of trees a little of the enthusiasm
io which we have alluded would be well spent. To all who
have grown weary of such things as pines or ferns or orchids,
as well as to those who are proving constant to their first love,
we say, " here is a subject for your enthusiasm ; it will amply
repay any exertions bestowed upon it, by enabling you to
leave a beautiful and permanent mark upon our landscapes."

The rage for trees and shrubs with variegated foliage has
supplied, and left with us, a number of very remarkable and
effective objects of that class. -We have amongst others our
variegated hollies, ivies and honeysuckles, and the splendid
GoIdenYew with which^r. Barron produces such grand effects
at Elvaston Castle. It is not, however, to this class of plants
that we are now alluding. The love for such beautiful objects

324 THB MAOAZIME OP HORTICULTUBB.

is rampant enough, and needs no fresh spur from us. We
plead for the extensive cultivation and use of trees and shrubs
which have leaves not strikingly variegated but richly colored.
Already we have several of these things commou'in our par^
and gardens, such, for example, as the purple beech, the pur-
ple hazel, and some others alluded to by Mr. Bateman, in
liis address to the Royal Horticultural Society on the 27th of
June. We need scarcely remark that we cordially agree
with Mr. Bateman as to the efiects produced upon our land-
scape by these trees. " With materials such as these,'* he
remarks, " not tender, requiring glass protection, but hardy,
beautiful sylvan scenery might be created which even persons
with comparatively limited means might afford to provide.'*

Were the taste for such objects more fully developed
amongst us, there is no lack of subjects to supply it. Many
of them, as we have shown, are already amongst us, and
many more would be soon forthcoming. Perhaps no class of
trees would be more valuable for the object we have in view
than the maples of Japan. They are very remarkable for the
rich and beautiful colon of their foliage. Some of them have
leaves of the deepest purple, or red, or yellow, and others
have their foliage most curiously marked. Nearly all take
on the most beautiful autumnal tints, and produce a marked
and pleasing eflfect at all times on the landscape. We have
frequently thought that it must have been one of these maples
that Padre Hue met with when travelling in Chinese Tartary,
and about which he tells such wonderful stories. Those
species which are found in the central or more northern part
of the Japanese Islands would probably prove quite hardy in
our climate. Many of them are now in England, although at
present extremely rare. At Mr. Standish's sale last year his
collection, . which was very rich in maples, was entirely dis-
persed. We advise the possessors of these plants to take
great care of them, and to propagate them eztetisively, for if
our taste takes a turn in the way we have indicated, they will
be much sought afler, and will prove of great value.

We come now to another question, — Would it bt in
accordance with the rules of good taste to plant these treea
extensively in order to produce an effect upon our landscapes ?

NOVEMBER. 825

We say ^ jes" without Uie slightest hesitation. It has been
our lot to travel much in foreign countries where many of
these trees to which we have just alluded are at home, where
they have been planted and reared by the hand of Nature on
the hill sides, and we can bear testimony to the fact that the
eye is never weary of resting on those masses of brilliant
coloring of many different hues which they present, and more
particularly in autumn, when the leaves are ripening before
they fall. Our own experience has been principally in Orien-
tal countries, as in India, China, and Japan, but American
friends have given us glowing pictures of the effects which
these trees produce on the oUier side of the Atlantic, and we
readily believe the pictures which they have drawn. If
nature, tlien, shows us such an example, we can scarcely do
wrong in following her, and we need not question the taste
which leads to so much enjoyment.

With materials at hand of the kind we have indicated, we
would advise all lovers of hardy trees to direct their attention
to the subject, for it is one which will amply repay them.
Let us have the same amount of enthusiasm displayed for
these trees with richly colored foliage as we have had for
pines, ferns, and variegated plants, and the most striking
effect will soon be produced in our landscapes. We com-
mend this matter to our landscape gardeners, and to all who
are engaged in planting trees.

IMPRESSIONS OP ENGLISH SCENERY.

BT H. W. SABOBNT, BSQ.
HOOLB HOUSE.

In the August number of the Eiiglish Gardeners' Magazine,
1888, there is a very elaborate account, by Mr. Loudon, of a
visit he paid to Hoole House, nea^ Chester, then belonging
to Lady Broughton, descriptive of a most extraordinary rock
garden.

Being in Ohester the ol^er day, on leaving the gardens at
Eaton Hall, I asked the gardener, who had been some forty

326 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

years there, whether Hoole House and its rock garden still
existed. He replied, he had never heard of it. I had no
better luck with one or two other gardeners, or with the
landlord at the hotel. Finally, an old cabman recollected
there was, or had been, a Lady Broughton, who had died
thirty years ago, and he thought lie had heard of Hoole
House, on the Liverpool road. 1 ordered him to drive i« the
direction he thought it was, and finally, after much trouble,
we found it, now owned and occupied by a Mrs. Hamilton,
an old lady of 80, living by herself. The pike-keeper, living
immediately adjoining her gate, had never heard of any rock
garden, nor could lie tell whether the place was shown to
strangers — but I could walk up the avenue he supposed, and
enquire. This I accordingly did, a short but exceedingly
well kept avenue, the verges and sides beautifully cut, and
densely planted with large masses of rhododendrons, laurel,
yews, deodars, araucarias, all, except the araucarias, being
closely clipped. This formal treatment of the trees augured
favorably for the rock garden, but I saw no evidence of it,
and yet I saw, or thought I saw, the whole place ; for it did
not seem to be over five or six acres. There was, to be sure,
a walled garden, which I supposed was the vegetable garden.
I ventured to push open a little postern door in the wall, and
found an old-fashioned vegetable garden, with indifferent and
mossy fruit-trees against the wall, and one or two small glass
houses, near which, in a potting shed, was an old gardener
striking some geraniums. I told him that quarter of a
century ago I remembered having been astonished in America
with reading an account of the rock garden at Hoole House.

Did Hoole House yet exist? and if so, Where was it, and
did the rock garden still exist, also ? ^

He replied. This was Hoole House ; the rock garden still
existed, and was kept up just as Lady Broughton had left it,
thirty years ago, when he had helped build and unbuild it,
(as a young man,)' as Lady Broughton was continually alter-
ing it. " His present Missus was a very old Lady. No one
ever came to the place, and probably no one knew the garden
existed." He would go and ask permission for me to see it.
While he was absent I tried to make out where it possibly

NOVEMBER. 827

could be. Presently the gardener returned, and taking me
round to the front of the house, opened a little door in a wall
covered with yew trained against it, and immediately adjoin-
ing tlie entrance front. A perfect scene of enchantment
suddenly broke upon me. Imagine a little semicircular lawn,
of about half an acre, of most exquisite turf, filled with twen-
ty-eight baskets, about six feet in diameter, of tlie most daz-
zling and gorgeous flowers. Each basket a complete bouquet
in itself, of three different colors, in circles ; for instance, the
lower circle would be Coleus, the 2d, yellow Calceolaria, the
3d, or upper. White Leaved Geranium. On the top, as a sort
of pinnacle, a group of Scarlet Gladiolus.

The colors of tlie next basket would be different, viz. : the
lower circle would be deep blue (Lobelia), the 2d circle, Wliite
(Centaurea Candidissima), the 3d, or upper, Scarlet Gera-
nium. Another basket began with Gazania; the 2d circle
would be Cerastum tormentosum ; the xipper. Lobelia L.

These 28 baskets seemed a succession of circular ter-
races, each color was so vivid, so gay, and so continuous.
This bright parterre, set upon this emerald lawn, was sur-
rounded by this famous rockery, from 15 to 80 feet high,
built up against the stables and offices, as support, and
brought down irregularly to the lawn in front, filled with
every variety of fern and rock plant that would stand the
summer climate of England ; most of the more delicate being
removed in winter to green and even orchidaceous houses.
I thought nothing could have been gayer than the 28 circular
beds, until I looked up and saw a much more gorgeous scene
in this semicircle of rock, 30 feet high, crammed to overflow-
ing, with every sort of Palm, Cactus, Cereus, Yucca, Gladioli,
Geranium, &c. &c., in full flower, interspersed with Deodars,
clipped into pyramids, Irish Yews, Golden Yews, Abies ce-
phalonica, Pinsapo, Normandiana, Ac, all clipped into pyr-
amids. The object being not only to keep them in harmony
in size, with the rocks and the garden, but in appearance ;
since the highest pinnacles were intended to represent the
Alps, for which purpose white spar was used to represent the
glaciers and snow peaks, and small Pinus Cembra (the pine
of the Alps) were interspersed along the edges, and near some

328 THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICtLTUBE.

yawuing crevice, over which Alpine rustic bridges were
thrown; through the whole of this rich and intricate maze
ran a little wild path, bordered with heath and furze, and
broom, which crept up the rocky sides of the clifls, among
the wild distorted looking firs, some 8 to 15 feet high, though
30 years old many of them, until they disappeared among the
icy summits, apparently, of the Alpine heights.

The whole thing was an extraordinary caprice, wonderfully
carried out, and admirably described and illustrated, if I
remember at this distance, by Mr. Loudon, in August, 1838.

BLAm ATHOL.

A scene of a very diflFerent character I saw yesterday at
Blair Athol, the seat of the Duke of Athol, near fikir, in the
Highlands, and this was a group of eight larches, being the
original trees, imported 300 years ago, to try the climate of
Scotland. The largest of these, which resembled in its head
an oak or Cedar of Lebanon, so gigantic and wide-epreading
were its ramifications, measured 18| feet the but, 3 feet
from the ground. Prom these trees the grandfather of the
present Duke planted 27 millions of Larches, over 12,000
acres of mountain land. The Duke's deer forest consists of
50,000 acres, preserved for red deer ; 80,000 for grouse, and
30,000 for deer stalking.

TAYMOUTH CASTLE.

About 20 miles from Athol isTaymouth Castle, tlie Marquis of
Breddalbane. This estate extends 120 miles long, by 15 miles
broad — ^including Loch Tay, 16 miles long — the castle, about
800 feet front, I think as perfect as any we have yet seen —
while the park, 5 miles long by 3 wide, is more magnificent
than anytliing we have yet seen — a most verdant sod, 5 or 6,000
head of deer in park and forest, and groups and masses and
single specimens of trees, each being a study in itself, planted
by the Black Douglas, 300 years ago. One beech, said to be
the largest beech in Scotland, measured 43 feet, 3 feet from
the ground, the diameter of its branches being 200 feet. Fhis
was protected, as were most of the finest specimens and groups,
by a large circle of iron hurdles. Most of tiie sterna were

MOTEICBBB. 829

protected by stakes, especially all trees younger than 50
years. This seems universally done in all parks, especially
wliere there is deer.

In comparing my present impression of England with my
recollections of twenty years ago, I should say that the park
trees were much grander, denser, and more umbrageous than
I could have imagined, but much less in variety, consisting
of only oak, elm, beech, and thorn, very few evergreens in
the parks, hardly any, except Scotch firs, which when old are
certainly very picturesque. The flowers usually on one side
of the house are mostly in ribbons, but in huge masses, and
generally the whole eflFect produced by very few varieties,
Lobelia, Yellow Calceolaria, Gazania splendens, Coleus, and
the Red and White Geraniums. These, repeated over and
over again, in difierent combinations, and separated from the
Park by a sunken or wire fence.

In the lawns, which consist only of the verges and borders
of grass, and intervals among the flowers, I have been wofuUy
disappointed. They are soft and green, but filled with weeds,
especially daisy, dock, and dandelion. I have not yet been
far south in England, but in the north, and this six weeks
tour in Ireland and Scotland, I have seen but very few of the
new evergreens, and these not as large as many I have seen
in America. '

Aberfeldy^ Scotland^ October 1, 1865.

We are deeply indebted to Mr. Sargent for this highly
interesting account of English residences, particularly of
Hoole House, the description and illustrated notice of which,
by Mr. Loudon, so strongly impressed us at the time of its
appearance in 1838. It has been a source of regret that at
the time of our visit, when we were at Eaton Hall, at Chester,
only two miles distant, we forgot to visit Hoole House, and
enjoy its dngular beauty, which Mr. Sargent has so vividly
portrayed. Turning to Mr. Loudon's volume, to refresh our
memory, we have been struck with the accurateness of the
account, as compared with Mr. Sargent's. Nothing seems to
have l>een altered during so long a period. ^^It looks," as
Mr. Sargent says, in a private note, ^^ exactly as Mr. Loudon

330 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

describes it, though thirty years have mellowed and natural-
ized it to perfection.'' A repetition of such scenery would,
Mr. Sargent also remarks, "be very fatiguing, but as a
caprice and specialty it is certainly most remarkable." We
should be glad to enrich our pages with the beautiful illus-
trations of Mr. Loudon, but their size and expensiveness
would hardly allow it. A single inspection of even an illus-
tration of such a rock garden, is in itself full of instruction.
We well remember the impression made upon us by Mr.
Loudon's description and engravings; so strongly photo-
graphed, indeed, upon our memory, that it would be easy to
make a correct ground plan, and tolerably accurate sketch of
its Alpine aspect.

We cannot expect to ever see anything of a similar kind in
our own country, and we know of only anotlier of a similar
character to that of Hoole House, which was also described
and illustrated by Mr. Loudon — this was a rock garden iu
Dublin — but we do hope to see examples of rock work in tJie
grounds of our wealthy planters, and though exhibiting
nothing of the grand effect of Hoole House, yet afford delight-
ful episodes in ornamental grounds, and form admirable
places to grow successfully some of the beautiful plants wliich
cover Alpine heights, unseen and unknown only to tourists,
who couple with a love of mountain scenery a taste for
mountain plants.

We sincerely hope Mr. Sargent will favor us with some
account of Eaton Hall, and other fine places, which he has
visited during his present European tour.

POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP.

New Grapes. — Among the newer grapes, which we shall
refer to at another time, may be noticed some seedlings raised
by Moore Bro. of Rochester, between the Black Hamburgh
and the Diana, and other native kinds. These were first
exhibited last year, before the American Pomological Society
at Bochester, attracted some attention, and were noticed in

NOVEMBER. 831

the published report. The present year, Messrs. Moore have
had better fruit, and they kindly sent specimens for exhibition
to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, which unfortu-
nately did not arrive until the last day, but which, however,
carae before the Fruit Committee, who gave them a trial, and
will undoubtedly report upon their respective merits.

There were five sorts, viz., the Diana Hamburgh, Hardy
Chasselas, Musk Chasselas, Clover Street Black, and Improved
Clinton, df these the Diana Hamburgh and Clover Street
Black were new, and are, apparently, very excellent grapes ;
and if on further trial they are hardy, and ripen early, they
will claim a place among our best grapes.

Tlie Diana Hamburgh was scarcely ripe, but it was how-
ever quite sweet, and certainly promises well; the foliage evi-
dently shows its hybrid origin, and we have little doubt that
Mr. Moore has been as successful as Mr. Allen. The Clover
Street Black is a very black grape, spirited, sweet and good.
Tlio Musk Chasselas and Hardy Chasselas, although having a
strong musky flavor, appeared to be wanting in richness ;
perhaps the specimens were over ripe. We certainly should
wish to try them again before expressing any decided opinion
of their real merits. •

At the exhibition of the Fruit Growers' Society of Western
New York, at Rochester, Messrs. Ellwanger & Barry exhibited
specimens of a new seedling, called No. 19, raised among
others, from the Delaware. The Committee placed it, in
quality, among the best new varieties. Messrs. Bronson,
Graves & Selover, also, presented a seedling, claimed to be
earlier than Hartford Prolific, and equally as good.

Mr. Parker Barnes exhibited specimens of his new seedling
grape, at the exhibition of the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society, September 19th. It is similar in general appearance
to the Isabella, but is as early, or earlier than the Concord,
and fully or quite equal in quality. The berries and bimches
are not quite so large. It promises well.

New Peaches. — The peach crop has been very good the
present year, and some very splendid specimens have been
presented for exhibition at the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society. Among them one or two seedlings of remarkable

382 THB MAGAZINE OF HOBnCULTURE.

size. Mr. Foster of Medford exhibited 12 which measured
10 inches in circumference, and were similar in appearance
to the Earlj Crawford. At the Annual Exhibition of the
Pennsylvania Horticultural Society a very fine seedling was
shown by the Rev. W. H. Furness of that city. These were
of large size, 9 or 10 inches in circumference, and apparently
similar to the well-known Old Mixon, but later than that sort.
Both are well worthy of extended culture.

The Maxatawny Gbape. — Very fine specinJins of this
white grape were exhibited at the Annual Exhibition of the
Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, by J. E. Mitdiell, Esq.,
late President, who kindly gave us some of the grapes, which
we found to be most excellent. We have never yet fruited
this variety, and we believe it is rather late for our latitude,
but where it will grow and ripen as well as those of Mr.
Mitchell, it will prov6, with the Rebecca and Allen's Hybrid,
one of the best of our native white grapes. The grapes were
of a most beautiful amber color, very sweet, rich and delicious,
not equal to the Rebecca, but with a peculiar flavor of its own.
The bunches are scarcely as large as the Rebecca. At the
meeting of the Fruit Growers' Society of Western New York,
held at Rochester, September 21, sou* fine samples were
shown by C. W. Seelye, who states that it is an excellent
light colored sweet grape, strong grower, abundant bearer,
hardy, and of a quality that pleases every one. It is a sort
that will be highly esteemed when more known.

Promising New Orapes. — One of the questions discussed at
the late meeting of the Fruit Growers' Society of Western
New York, was as follows : The most promising of the new
varieties of grapes ? It elicited the following discussion :

Crbvsluno. — Mr. Barry was very much pleased with the
Orevelling — one of the best Early Black grapes. Mr. H*aker
said it hangs well to the vine, even until frost. Mr. Bronson
had never seen leaf blight upon the vine. Mr. Clark had
seen it at Hammondsport, and thought well of it. Mr. Barry
said it was very prolific. Mr. Little said that each year the
bunches get more compact — thought well of it, and Mr.
Hooker had been informed by Germans that it was the best
native wine grape.

NOVEKBEB. 883

lONA. — Mr. Bronson had seen it at several places in Geneva. *
It proved earlier than the Delaware, and Mr. Downing had
informed him of the same fact — it is a rich, sweet, early grape,
free from disease of any khid.

Adibondac. — Mr. Seelye had seen the grape in Albany,
August 18th, well colored, and apparently ripe for use; saw
it, also, on the grounds of a gentleman in the suburbs of the
city, quite ripe, September 1. It is a strong grower, and very
prolific, and tlie earliest good grape we have. Dr. Beadle
said one of his neighbors had fruited it — it was perfectly ripe,
September 1. Mr. B. Fish said a gentleman at the State
Fair, who had grown it, said it had mildewed more than any
other. Mr. Hooker saw it in bearing in Rochester, some 50
bunches on a small vine — greatly overcropped — was mildewed
some, but it was in a bad place, where Isabella and everything
else, except Delaware, was spoiled by mildew.

Rogers. — Mr. Craine thought most of Nos. 4, 15, 19, and
89. No. 15, in particular, is a very fine grape — no pulp,
sweet to the centre, and very rich. Mr. Hooker thought Nos.
4 and 15 gave good satisfaction to the Germans in Rochester.

THE SPRING FLOWER-GARDEN.

TROM THI GARDBNBIS' CmU)NICLB.

In a recent number we gave our readers some interesting
hints upon the Summer Flower-Garden. We now present
them with some remarks by the same writer, on the ^^ Select''
Spring Garden Flowers, which they will find full of valuable
suggestions. Our gardens are sadly deficient in objects of
beauty early in the season, and where ample provision has
not been made by the addition of bulbs, the flower-border is
scanty enough till summer is well under way. There is no
reason however, why we should not have, even with our cold
winters and late springs, a more profuse display of flowers in
the latter season, if a judicious selection is made of the many
plants which bloom at that period. Snowdrops, crocuses,
daffodils, early tulips, and other bulbs, are beautiful aids to

334 THE MAGAZINB OF HORTICULTURE.

accomplish this ; but they are not all, for though abundant in
flowers they lack variety in foliage. If to these we add the
early phloxes, anemones, iberis, adonis, allyssum, &c., thero
will be a constant succession of elegant blossoms up to tlie
period when our annuals and bedding plants begin their
lavish display.

The following list will therefore be found valuable : some
of the plants enumerated are not hardy in our climate, but,
leaving these out, there are enough to make a great variety,
and render the spring garden one of deeper interest to every
lover of beautiful plants;

It is with the greatest pleasure that I write this list, con-
vinced that all who obtain and grow the plants therein men-
tioned, will add for every plant af new source of interest, and
a new charm to their garden.

I will begin with the little Irises, for they are of great
beauty, and very rarely seen as well as they might easily be
grown. I. reticulata, pumita and cristata are charming little
plants ; so Messrs. Backhouse's little Iris attica, which I, have
not yet had the pleasure of seeing in flower, is said to be ;
and, so too, is a dark purple species, I have seen in flower at
Messrs. Henderson's, where it is called I. spathulata. There
are also several fine varieties of I. pumila. They all luxuriate
in sandy peat ; at Wimbleton I have seen beds of pumila,
literally a sheet of blue ; but any light sandy soil will do. At
Glasnerin, I. cristata is a gem, and grows in warm borders,
against houses, as freely as a native Rumez.

The transition is easy from Iris to Crocus, and there arOi I
believe, some rare things in the latter genus, such as C.
Aucberi, lately introduced, but for beauty nothing beats the,
finer varieties of Yeruns, Sir Walter Scott and La Majesteuse
to suit. Tritelia uniflora is a beautiful little plant of similar
habit, very rarely seen as a hardy spring bulb, but I hav^
proved it bo in soil apparently compoeed of an equal admixt^
ure of London clay and bad putty. It is a lovely dwarf plant|
and one that wants ^^ bringing out," being quite as useful a$
thd best Squills. Sisyrinchium grandiflorum is a fine plau(
for the spring garden. The neater and* most beautiful Na^^

NOVEMBER. 885

cissi will of course be essential : for choice say, N. Bulboco-
dium minor, the newly introduced and very pretty juncifolius,
the pure white dubius, and the true sweet Jonquil ; but it is
such a fine genus that many others may be picked out.
Stembergia lutea is a fine plant where it does well, and on
light or gravelly soils it displays as good and bright a bloom
about the 1st October, as the yellow Crocus does in spring.
But I am wandering from youth to age, from green leaves to
brown, forgetting that I am writing of "spring" gardening;
those, however, who grow these exquisite spring plants suc-
cessfully must give them a neat little garden for themselves,
and then of course a good autumnal subject will not bo out
of place among the beauties which are to embellish the garden
after most of our spring things are past.

Zephyranthes is a lovely genus, particularly where grown
in nice peaty soil in a sheltered place, as it is at Messrs.
Osborn's. Galanthus plicatus, the Crimean Snowdrop, too,
is fine! Professor Syme tells me that with him it is much
hardier and more easily grown than the common Snowdrop !
Leucojum vernum, again, is a fine and fragrant plant.

Now for the Squills. They, unlike Triteleia and another
little fellow named below, do not want making known.
Scilla sibirica is perhaps the best, though anybody who could
see Mr. Mackay's beds of S. bifolia in bloom at Totteridge
would doubt tlie superiority of the Siberian. S. precox alba
is a charming little dwarf, and so is S. rosea very desirable
for its color and neat habit. Hyacinthus amethystinus and
Muscari bytryoides and its white variety must not be over-
looked. Then Puschkinia scillioides — if I did nothing in this
paper but make this known as a fascinating fairy among
spring plants, there would have been papers written with less
result ; it is the most delicately beautiful thing in the way of
a spring bulb that I am familiar with — a beautiful light blue
Bhaded off to white (I am describing from memory,) and
easily grown too— easier than the Squills ; it does not last
long in flower, but few spring flowers do. Lilium tenuifolium
is a dwarf early flowering species, for beauty and brilliancy of
color second to no other. Erythronium Dens-canis and the
Yftr. major are fine things, of which I need not tell.

886 THE MAGAZINE OP HOBTICULTUBB.

Another plant I want to saj a few words about is as old as
Metbusaleh, but might as well have arrived with Marauta
Veitchii for all the use that has been made of it — I mean
Bulbocodium vernum. It is generally seen in a state of
single blessedness, probably in a pot in a musty old frame,
but get a lot of it and put it out in good sandy soil in your
choice spring garden, and it will prove one of the best and
earliest of spring bulbs, sending up its fine large rosy-purple
flower-buds, distinct in color from any other spring flower,
earlier than Crocus Susianus — in fact, they were showing for
several weeks ere the snow took leave of us tliis year, I had
an edging of it composed of about 250 plants, in a very bad
soil, as healthy as growing youths of Bumez Hydrolapatham.

Mr. Niven, of Hull, says Silene acaulis alba and S. exscapa
are among his best Alpines, being in their season covered
with hundreds of flowers ; grow them by all means in a little
raised bed. Silene alpestris cannot be done without. Phlox
frondosa and Nelsoni will make charming little beds, or
become completely covered with flowers on rockwork, He-
paticas, all, single or double, are indispensable, but the new
one, H. angulosa, is the only one I need particularize. It is
likely to show to great advantage when we get good big plants
of it. In Backhouse^s new catalogue of Alpines, <&c., the
flowers are said to be sometimes as large as a crown-piece.
Ranunculus amplexicaulis, buUatus fl. pi. and the '^fair
ladies" are among the best of this genus; and Adonis vernalis
are brilliant. Anemone vernalis and palmata I have not
seen in good flower, but they are known to be fine, and with
hortensis, fulgens, and sylvestris very free. Aquilegia alpina
again, one of the most exquisite flowers ever peeped into, if
true is indispensable, but it is actually surpassed by the dis-
tinct and lovely A. coerulea, now in the hands of Mr. Thomp-
son. Gheiranthus alpinus, Marshalli and ochroleuca — the
last for choice. Some Epimediums are good, particularly if
in shade and peat. Associate them with your best Hellebores,
Salix lanata, Ac, round the margins of your bijou spring
garden. Aubrietias are indispensable, and now we are get«
ting new ones. Gerastium alpinum will form woolly dwarf
edgings, and flower densely the first week in May. Saponari%

NOVEMBER. 337

csspitosa is a promising new plant in this order. Dianthus
alpinns, petrcelis, ceesius, glacialis, and Pischeri are five ex-
cellent species, all the more acceptable because the greatest /
muddle is to be found in the genus, if once you go far beyond
these distinct ones. .D. caesius does well on old walls, <fec. ;
alpinus and petrseus grown well are two of the loveliest
plants in the country. 1 find I am diverging from all system,
but it*s not system we want, but good plants.

Androsace lanuginosa, villosa, carnea, and Cliamaejasme,
are gems of the first water. Primula pubescens, ciliata, mar-
giuata, and nivalis, will prove a good start in this ravishing
genus. Of the Gentians, vema, ciliata, and bavarica are
among the best. Cyclamens Coum and vernum must not be
forgotten; nor Dielytra eximia, which has graceful leaves
and bright flowers.

Sedums will come in well either as single plants or edgings,
but they must be used in some shape or other; dasyphyllum,
brevifolium, mouregalense, Ewersii, and hispanicum, being
among the best of the wonderfully neat lot. Sempervivums
will make still better edgings; S. globiferum, for choice,
being as compact and neat as anything can be ; the Spider-
webbed one is hardy in London. S. Hirtum makes a charm-
ing bed or edging, and is a prodigious bee-feeding plant too.
Others of the genus are fine, and all so thoroughly hardy,
that they do finely in the open air in Tottenham-court-roadia
and elsewher^r in London.

Saxifragas are, of course, indispensable. You can do a
great deal with a good selection from this very extensive
genus. What can be neater, and to all observers more
interesting, than lines of the little half-succulent encrusted-
leaved Saxifragas, such as Hostii, rosulaiis, Aizoon, Ac, with
the distinguished and free-flowering pyramidalis. They are
generally grown in pots, but may be grown in the open air
with the greatest ease, and are so grown amidst the smoke of
London. Nothing seems to affect them in the way of climatic
vicissitude, and no plants are so presentable all the year round.
They are never in dishabille. Saxifraga Andrewsii is an
ornamental species, or rather hybrid. But before leaving the
Aizoon section, I should have said that Socheliana and luteo-

VOL. XXXI. — ^NO. XI. 22

338 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

Tiridis are among the prettiest of the small encrusted sec-
tion, that produce their gallant and sturdy IHtle flowers in
tolerable plenty. I once saw 70 kinds of mossy Saxifragas in
one border in the delightfully interesting botanic garden of
the late Mr. Borrer, the Grand Llama of British botanists, but
one who with all his love for British plants, and all bis
expenditure of time, labor, and wealtli in their behalf, could
yet find time to grow and study thousands of continental and
American plants. These mossy Saxifragas are so much alike
in liabit, £c., that it is hardly desirable to specify individuals ;
nearly all are good for greening — and what plants produce so
lovely a green, especially when the showers of brown leaver
begin to fall ? One I have, called Stansfieldii, is of close firm
habit, and the freest and earliest bloomer of the whole.

Dodecatheons will beautifully fill the centres of beds — I
mean the common species. D. splendens and integrifolia are
two fascinating gems, very scarce yet. Antennaria dioica
rosea would form an exquisite little edging plant for the
choice spring garden. Wherever a soil is found fit to grow
well the tiny Andromedas and Menziesias, as they grow at
Comely Bank and other places near Edinburgh, they will
form a unique addition to the select garden. Eritrichium
nanum is said to be one of the loveliest Alpine gems, but as
yet it is rare.

I have mentioned enough of ** gems," and will conclude
with a few subjects of easier culture, which can be got and
grown largely at once for edging your beds, or for filling up
the larger ones with chaste mixtures. Myosotis sylvatica is
one of die best of these; sow it in early summer. Next
come the double daisies of sorts, the double Prin\ulas, Clive-
den Pansies, white, blue, dark, and the Magpie Pansy. Myo-
sotis alpestris and Myosotis montana, a beautiful thing if
grown in a moist district and in a somewhat shady situation.
In dry ground it is comparatively poor ; but as Mr. Atkins
grows or used to grow it at Painswick, of surpassing loveliness.
Lacking a really good rockwork well-suited to the growth of
Alpines and such choice subjects as those named, the best way
to grow the most difficult is in a bed raised a foot or so above
j:he level by stones around the margin, witli a few through

KOYEtfBllR. 339

the centre ; the soil to be very sandy, with perfect drainage
and abundapt moisture at all times ; and the bed or beds to
be in all cases fully exposed.

FLORICULTURAL NOTICES.

The Native Heath. — Since our notice of this heath in our
last number, we learn from the Canadian Naturalist that it
has also recently been found in Greenland, thus makyig four
localities ip North America. . It may now be considered ,a
native, without doubt.

LiLiuM AURATUM. — Tliis ucw lily has been grown to great
perfection by some of the English cultivators. A specimen
raised by Mr. Constantino, exhibited at a meeting of the
Royal Horticultural Society, August 8th, had 29 blooms
upon it ; the single bulb producing two stems, which bore,
respectively, 15 and 14 flowers. It was one of the original
bulbs imported from Japan by Mr. Veitch of the Clielsea
nursery. It evidently requires more careful, culture than
L. lancifolium and its varieties, but it will repay all the care
bestowed upon it.

Double Flowered Epacris. — ^The English papers announce
the production of a double flowered Epacris. Each flower
presents a great number of corollas, one within the other, to
the entire exclusion of stamens and pistils.

Nosegay Pelargoniums (or Geraniums.) It is well known
to cultivators of this class that the late Mr. Beaton, after
many yeara devoted to the production of new varieties, suc-
ceeded in raising a large number, at the time of his death
some 3000 plants, the larger part of which were thrown
away, but the remainder promising well were kept for further
trial. Many of them have proved to be new and valuable, and
important additions to this useful class of bedding plants, as
well as for pot culture. Among those whose merits are fully
ascertained are Indian Yellow, Mrs. William Paul, Orange
Nosegay, Amy Hogg, Scarlet Gem, Model, Duchess, Donald
Beaton, Magenta Queen, Glowworm, Alexandra, Enchantress,

S40 THE MAGAZINB OF HORTICULTUBE.

and many others. Not ouljr are many of them new in color,
but they have massive trusses, with fully 50 flowers ezpandet}
at one time. The plants are also compact and dwarf in habit,
and flower abundantly in 4 or 5-inch pots. These will form
decided acquisitions to our bedding plants, when introduced,
and will displace many of the old larger growing and le^s
free blooming sorts. Why will not some of our amateurs and
cultivators try the production of seedlings ? they soon blos-
som, and no doubt greatly improved and beautiful varieties
would be the result, rendering it unnecessary to depend upon
imported plants to add variety and beauty to our collections.

846. FouRCROYA LONG^fiRA Earv), Long-Endubing Foub-

CROYA. (AmaryllidacesB.) Mexico.

k ireenhouM plant; frowlnc fifteen Ibet high; with white flowen *, appearing in MuanDer;
i|Mrea«9d by olTaetp ; grown in rich moU. BoL Mac. 1865, pL 5S19.

A magnificent species, attaining, in its nativo climate, Ae
height of fifty feet, with a flower stem forty feet more. The
plant, however, which flowered in the Eew gardens last sum-
mer, from which the drawing was made, was fifteen feet hi^.
Like the Agaves, to which it is allied, the plants die after
blooming. It has leaves similar to the Yucca, and the flow-
ers, individually, are large, white, and thickly set on the tall
panicle. It is considered as one of the most marvellous
productions of the vegetable worid. (^Bot. Mag.^ July.)

847. De:ndbobium sbnilb Parith. WHirspHAmsD Dendbo-

BiUM. (Orcliideae.) Moulmein.

Anorclil4aoi»»lMt. Bot Mag.» 1866, pL SiaO^

A handsome species, with bright yellow flowers, with white
hairs profusely scattered over its stem and leaves. It lasts ia
bloom a long while, and may be grown in a shallow pot, or
on a block of wood, near the glass. (^Bot Mag.^ July.) *

848. Mabianthtts Dbummonpianus BerUh. Dbdmhond Mi-

RIANTHU8. (PittosporesD.) Swan River.

AgwaakooM twiner; growing ffreral IbeK hlgli \ with bli^e a^wen*, appeartvg fai wioier;
1 by cuttinn; grown in p^ty aoiL Bot. Mar,, 1895» pL 5931.

A slender and graceful twioing plants with small leaves,
and numerous clusters of pale blue flowers, not unlike tboee^

NOVEllIBEai. 841

of the Sollya, but produced more thickly bn the plant. It is
a very pretty species. (^BoL Mag,^ July.)

849. DwMiA' ALTi'ssiMA Hook. LoPTY Drimia. (Aphode-

leffi.) Natal.

A freenhouse bulb; frowinc two (bet hith; with treenish flowers ; ■ppearing in sprins;
inrreaied by offaeu -, frown fai liebt ricb aoU. B«t. Mac., 1835, pi. 5522.

A bulbous class of plants, the present species of which pro-
duces large leaves, and a very tall spike of greenish flowers*
It is the finest of all the Drimias. (^BoL Mag,^ July.)

850. Rhododendron, Salmoneo roseuh. Garden Hybrid.

k biirdy shrub. Ilhutnition Hprdeolf, 1865, pi. U7.

Another of tlie Belgian seedlings, which are produced in
such quantities, and from which liave been selected many
most distinct and remarkable kinds. The present variety is
most beautiful, with large flowers of a salmon rose, distinctly
and boldly spotted with black purple. The heads of flowers
are very large and well formed, and the variety is a magnifi-
cent acquisition. (IIL Hort^ May.)

851. PHALLfiNOPSis Sohilleriana Reich. Schiller's Pha-.

LiBNOPSis. (Orchideae.) Philippines.

A cool houiw orchid. Dot Mag., 1665, pi. 9500.

One of the most beautiful of tlie beautiful genus of Phal»*
nopses. Surpassing P. amabilis, having not only broad and
long leaves, elegantly marbled with darker green, but the
flowers are of that lovely pink hue, impossible to depict on
paper. The flower stems often bear a hundred blossoms. It
may be grown in a moderately cool house. (^Bot. Jffi:^., July.)

852. Alstrcembria densiflora Herh^. Dense-flowered Al-

STRCEOCERIA. (Amaryllidftoeffi.) Peru.

A fre«nbonM plant; irowini 6 feet hbh ; with orsnse colored flowern ; appearing hi summer;
increaaed by diTiaion of the roou; trown in li«bt, rich aoU. Bou Mag., 1865, pL 5531.

A rich colored variety of the beautiful Alstroemeria, which
forms a kind of twining plant, growing 6 or 8 feet high, with
numerous umbels of orange colored flowers, which are very
showy. It is a native of Peru, and was introduced by M.
Veitch. (^Bot. Mag., July.)

842 THE MA6AZINB OP HORTICULTURE.

858. HiBBf ANTHU» INOARNATUS Burch. Flbsh-colored Hje-
MANTHUS. (AmaryllidaceaB.) South Africa.

A hothou<«0 bulb; crowinc a foot high; with acah colorafl flowera; appeariiv in tmlng; in-
creased by offieUi; grown in light, rich soiL Bot. Mag., 1863, pi. 5532.

A very pretty species of the Haemanthus, with dense heads
of delicate flesh-colored blossoms ; it is one of the handsomest
of the genus. (^Bot. Mag,^ July.)

854. Lankastebia Barteri Hook, Mr. Barter's Lankas-
TERiA. (Acanthaceae.) West Africa.

A greenhobue pUnt; growing two ftet high; with yellow dowers; appeartng In winter;
increased by cuttings ; grown in rich soil. fiot. Mag., 1685, pL 5533.

A new and beautiful plant from West Africa, having been
raised from seeds by Dr. Moore of the Glasnevin Gardens. Most
of the Acanthaceae have blue or purple colored blossoms. This
has deep yellow flowers, with an orange eye, about the size of
a phlox, and appear in dense spikes, in a similar way, at the
ends of the shoots. It grows erect, and the leaves are large
and deep green. It is ^ very showy and most desirable
plant. (^BoL Mag., July.)

.855. Euphorbia monteiri Hook. Mr. Monteiro's Euphor-
bia. (BuphorbiacesB.) South West Africa.

A greenhouse plant; growing Ibur feet high; with scarlet flowers; appearing in summer;
increased by cuttings ; grown In li^ht rich suiL Bot. Mag., 1865, pi. 5534.

A curious specimen of the Euphorbia, of robust growth,
with narrow ovate leaves, and long shoots, at the ends of
which appear small scarlet flowers, surrounded by a broad
green involucre. These appear successively, every third or
fourth day, one set withering before the others bloom. (^Bot.
Mag.y July.)

856. Iriartba exorrhiza Mart. Boot-stemmed Iriartba:
(Palmaceae.) Amazon.

A hothouse plant. III. Hort., 1865, pi. 436.

This is a new and splendid palm, found on the borders of
the Amazon, and growing in its native habitat to a colossal
size, (100 feet.) But it forms a fine tree in the hothouse,
and beautiful specimens have been produced from seed in the
Belgian collections. It is one among many others which
ought to grace the choice collections of our wealliy amateurs.
(111. Hort., May.)

NOYBMBER* 843

857. Smilax obnata? Nob. Variegated-leaved Smilax.
(Smilace».) Mexico.

A llottMKiMe ellmber* with Tarietftted learet. in Hoit., 1865, pi. 439.

A new and beautiful climbing plant, introduced from
Mexico, by M. Verschaffelt, and the name of which is yet
uncertain in consequence of the absence of the flowers. It
forms, however, a most beautiful addition to our variegated
foliaged plants, each leaf being about 9 inches long and 4 in
diameter, cordate at the' base, tapering to an acute point,
and three nerved, deep shiny green, the spaces between the
nerves elegantly spotted and marked with white. As a
plant for large vases, trailing over its sides, for pyramids, or
for training up columns it is admirably adapted, and fills the
place for which so few are suited. Whether known as a
Smilax, or by any other name, it will become a popular and
greatly admired plant, (i//. Hort,^ May.)

868. Teleiantheba picoidba vab. tebsicolob Moq. Tand,
Vabious-colobed Teleiamtheba. (AmaranthacesB.) Bra-
zil.

A f reenhoa«e plant ; f rowinf one foot hi<h ; with Tariegated leaTea ; Increaaed bf cuttinga :
grown In riehaoQ. III. Hon., 1865, pl. 440.

A greenhouse and bedding plant, introduced by M. Ver-
schafifelt from Brazil. It grows about a foot high, much
branched, and forming a dense suffruticose plant ; the leaves
are small, opposite, roundish ovate, of a coppery red hue,
phanging to light rose, with divers green and coppery stripes
^n the spaces between the nerves. In general aspect it resem-
bles* the Coleus in miniature, and, on account of its very
dwarf habit, it is admirably suited for small borders and
edgings, where taller growing plants would be out of place.
It promises to be a valuable acquisition. (///. HorL^ June.)

859. Rose, Empebob op Mexico. Garden Hybrid.

A hybrid perpetual. IH. Hort.. 18S5. pi. 441.

This is a very dark, almost maroon colored rose, raised
from Gen. Jacqueminot, by M. Verschaffelt of Gand. It is
vigorous, flowers freely, and is one of the darkest and richest
'roses obtained for some time. {111. Hort.y June.)

344 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

860. Altebnanthera spathulata Nob. Spathulatb-lbayep
AltbbnaVtheba. (Amaranthaceae.)

k creenbooae plant ; frowing a fbot hlsh ; with Torictsated foliage ; tncreaaed by cuUincai
grown in rich soil. 111. Hon.. 1865, pi. 446.

Another new bedding and greenhouse plant, admirably
adapted to the open ground in summer, where it grows free-
ly, and forms dwarf tufted bushes, in habit and aspect simikr
to the Teleianthera before noticed, and grouped with which,
in the open border, it produces a charming effect, by the
density as well as beauty of its varied colored foliage, which
is deep red or brown, changing to rose, and tinted with green.
The flower garden will have a new feature added to it by the
use of these plants for summer decoration, and the greenhouse
new interest in the winter season. (///. Hort^ July.)

Sotietits^

CAMBRIDGE HORTICULTURAL.

The Fourth Annual Exhibition of this Society was held at the City Hall
in Cambridgeport, on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, September 26,
27, and 28, 1865.

Quite unexpected to the members, who at one time thought the seasoa
was so dry there would be but few fruits to show, the Exhibition was the
best the Society has ever made. Not only were pears produced in greater
quantity, but of superior quality, surpassing any previous display of this
fruit The grapes were also excellent, and some specimens of peaches^
remarkably 6ne. Flowers were not so abundant, though there were nai^
choice bouquets. The plants were mainly from the large collection of
Messrs. Hovey & Co., and embraced many beautiful foliaged plants, as
well as several palms, yuccas, &.c. The show of vegetables was larg« and
excellent, and formed an interesting part of the ^Exhibition.

The pears, however, were the great feature of the Exhibition : following
so closely on the Annual Show of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society,
to which most of the members contributed liberally of their choicest speci-
mens, it was believed they could not be excelled ; but this Exhibition
proved to the contrary, for not only were the pears fully equalled, but in
some varieties surpassed them, both in size and beaoty. Some of the
varieties were truly remarkable. Beurre Diel from Mr. Pettengill weighed
23 punce»; and Messrs. DiclMnson, Nudd, Chase, and Stiles, had specimens
nearly as large. Numerous lots of Duchesse contained specimens weighing

MOTEMBEB. tiB

fhim 16 to 24 oances each. The De Tongres and Benrr^ Bosc were no
less noted. Messrs. Hovey &, Co. had superb Sheldons, and Doyenn^ dn
Cornice. There were upwards of 50 entries of fruit, Messrs. Hovey and
Vandine showing a large number of varieties, completely filling every
available space in the large and commodious hall.

The native grapes were also fine ; Messrs. Davis &, Bates had 10 varie-
ties, among them fine Rebecca, Adirondac, Delaware, Allen's Hybrid, and
otfaera. Splendid Union Village from J. Haley, and fine Concords and
Dela wares from various contributors.

Numerous premiums and gratuities were awarded lor fruits, flowers, and
vegetables, but we have not space to enumerate them. The Exhibition
proved that the cultivators of Cambridge maintain their reputation as the
most successful cultivators of fruit

PENIfSTLVAIfIA HORTICtTLTURAL.

The Annual Show of this flourishing Society was held in Philadelphia on
Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, the 27, 28, and 29th of September.

The Exhibition was held in Yale's large tent, procured from Boston, and
aflTorded ample space for the accommodation of the plants and fruits. A
6*feet table completely encircling the tent, equal to 500 in length, was
nearly filled with choice plants, about 100 feet being devoted to vegetables.
Besides this there were other tables for plants, and two for fruits in the
centre. Towards one end an artificial island was formed by a circular
space of 40 or 50 feet, surrounded with a small stream of water, in which
callas and other plants were growing. A rustic bridge was thrown across
the stream to admit of access to the island. The island was a mass of
tropical vegetation, superb palms, gigantic yuccas, pampas grass, huge
begonias and other plants being tastefully arranged to form a picturesque
and natural growth. When lighted up in the evening it formed an
enchanting scene.

The main features of the show were the magnificent foliaged plants and
palms, which are so extensively cultivated in the collections of the wealthy
amateurs of Philadelphia, who contributed liberally to the Exhibition.
We have not space to enumerate many of the beautiful things, but cannot
omit some of the more important; these were as follows: — Cyanophyllum
magnificnm, from M. W. Baldwin and M. Baird; Dicksonta antarctica;
Dracflenas of several kinds, numerous Lycopods and Ferns, and superb
Caladiums, from Fairman Rogers. Twelve Caladiums, from General
Patterson's garden, were the most remarkable specimens of these magnifi-
cent plants. They were from three to six feet high, and contained from
twenty to thirty immense leaves on each: the most showy and distinct
were Belleymei, Chantini, picturata, argyrites, and bicolor splendens. The
President, D. Rodney King, Esq., had many fine plants, particularly
Papyrus variegata, Alocasia metallica, and grand Caladiums. Superb
Cissus discolor, and C. porphyrophyllas, fVom M. W. Baldwin. The ma-
jestic Doryanthes excelsa from J. Sherwood, just coming into bloom.

346 THE MAGAZINE OP HOQTICULTUBB.

Crotons, Marantas, Ananassa variegata, and other plants, from R. Boist
Messrs. Meehan and Mackenzie also sent several specimens of various
plants. The arrangment of the plants was excellent, and the display trulj
grvid.

Of the fruits we cannot speak so highly ; the foreign grapes, contrihnted
by Johns Hopkins of Baltimore, Mr. Mitchell^ the late President, and other
cultivators were . excellent ; among them we noticed* the Gros Ooknan,
black, with very large berries, and Black Damascus, very large berries.
Pears were indififererit, and not in large quantity. Native grapes were not
so good as we expected to see; but we doticed some fine Maxatawny,
Delaware, and a few others.

The vegetables, with the exception of potatoes, were not so numerous or
so good as we expected to see. The potatoes exhibited by A. W. Harrison,
Recording Secretary, were remarkably fine, comprising half a bushel each,
of some twenty, or more kinds, airoog them the Cusco, Garnet Chili, Early
Goodrich, &c., all large and well grown, the average product per acre of
' each kind given, all planted at the same time, on the same ground,* with
the same fertilizing material which Mr. H. uses, discarding, as he does, all
manure, as tending to cause rot.

The Exhibition was a decided success ; the attendance was very large,
the immense tent being crowded with visitors every evening. The Society
may not only congratulate itself upon tjne snperiority of the display, bat
upon its financial results. We have not yet seen any report of the award
of premiums.

assac|usctt3 horticultural Societg.

Jubf 1. — At this meeting the following members were elected : —
F. L. Ames, Easton ; Peter Smith, Andover ; William Pratt, Winchester ;
William H. Boardman, Boston; Frederick Beck, Brookline ; Edward G.
Tileston, Brookline; Moses Jones, Brookline; W. H. Allen, Dedham;
John H. Dane, Brookline ; Richard L. Saville, Brookline ; John W. Sawyer,
Grantville ; Isaac Ck>oke, Charlestown ; Abijah Farrer, Boston ; Samuel
A. Carlton, Somerville ; Wingate P. Sargent, Melrose ; Henry L. Dalton,
Boston; Joseph Howard, South Boston; John Q. A. Griffin, Medford;
Charles Furnaux, Melrose; Russell P. Eaton, Dorchester; Theodore H.
Bell, Roxbury.
^uguH 5. — At this meeting the following members were elected : —
Edward S. Philbrick, Brookline ; Francis A. White, Brookline ; Mrs. E.
M. Gill, Medford ; William Maloon, Salem ; Charle«i F. Wilder, Grantville ;
William Miller, East Boston ; William D. Bickford, Brighton ; A. W.
Spencer, Dorchester ; Frank F. B. Kern, Cambridge ; Comfort Weatherbee,
Dedham ; Benjamin P. Wear, Marblehead ; E. W. Clap, Walpole ; Oliver
Holden, West Newton; a B. Ball, Port Norfolk; M. W. Chadbouroe^

NOYfiMBEB. 847

Watortown; Thomaa Hooper, Bridge water; Benjamin D. Hill, Sonth
Banvers; Isaac P. Kenda]], Soroervilie; George Penniman, Milton;
Horace Partridge, Somerville ; George H. Preston, Boston ; Alfred Loring,
South Hingham ; Matthew Bolles, West Roxbury ; Edward Atkinson,
Brookline; John Fillebrown, West Cambridge; Charles A. Grain, West
Cambridge ; Joseph Richardson, Boston ; Adams Ayer, Roxbnry.

StpL 2. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day, — the
President in the chair.

The following members were elected: — C. D. Head, Boston; Caleb
Bates, Kingston ; Curtis Davis, Cambridgeport ; Ezra C. Hutchins, Newton ;
Charles Rice, Newton Lower Falls ; Thornton K. Lothrop, Boston ; John
Lowell, Newton; William Edson, Boston; John Botome, Stoneham; John
Hill, Soneham; William Rawson, West Cambridge; John G/ Barken
West Cambridge.

At the close of the 37th Annual Exhibition, on Saturday, September 23,
the Committee of Arrangements, as customary, with several invited guests,
sat down to a dinner at the Parker House, at 3 o'clock. Among the guests
were Col. M, P. Wilder, Prof. Russell, Jos. Stickney, Esq., and Hon. Jos.
Breck. The President, C. M. Hovey, Esq., presided. After satisfying the
appetite with the good things of the table, the President rose and congrat-
ulated the Committee upon the success of the Exhibition, and the prospects
of the Society with the ample accommodations afl^rded by the new building,
and closed with the following sentiment :

7%t Thtrt^'Seventh ^nivtrsary, — The consuntmation of our long-
cherished hopes, bringing with it fond recollections of the past, and bril-
liant anticipations of the future.

The President then stated that we had with us several invited guests,
and among them our esteemed and respected friend, and former President,
the Hon. M. P. Wilder, whose presence, for the second time in two years,
we hold as the precursor of the day when his health and usefulness should
be fully restored. Though absent he had not been ignorant or indifferent
to our progress, but his wishes and hopes were for our success, and the
advancement of horticultural science throughout the land. He concluded
by proposing the health of the Hon. Mr. Wilder.

Mr. Wilder rose and addressed the meeting nearly as follows: —
Mr. President, and Fellow Associates :

I am overwhelmed by this kind reception, and beg to assure you that
it affects me most deeply. For much of the time, during the last two yeare,
I have had one foot in the grave, and with but little hope of the perfect
recovery of my health. This reunion with old and familiar acquaintances,
is therefore most gratifying to my feelings, and I desire to bless the Lord,
that he has so far restored me, that I am able to be here today, to partici-
pate in the privileges, and pleasures, of this interesting occasien.

Mr President, it was a matter of great gratification that I was able to
be present at the dedication of the new Horticultural Hall, and to listen
to your eloquent, classical, and appropriate address. I rejoiced that our
Society, now in the zenith of its prosperity, had one so capable, both in

348 THE MAGAZINB OF HOBTICULTUBE.

practical and scientific qualifications, of discharging the ofllcid duties of
the chair. I may be permitted to express this opinion in your presence, ft>r
we have been long acquainted with each other. Yon and I, Sir, have been
porsDing the same path of investigation and observation, for more than thirty
years. We have been travelling on together, side by side ; I beg jrour par-
don, for while you have taken good care to keep a little ahead of me, I
have, with characteristic circumspection, contented myself t6 follow a lit-
tle in the rear. [Laughter,]

Mr. President, you have requested me to give some information, in regard
to the old Horticultural Hall, and the early history of onr society. In
regard to the former, time will only permit me to remark, that with its
erection a new impulse was created, and it was soon found that the
increasing wants of the Society demanded a hall of larger dimension?.
This fortunately has at last been obtained, and I rejoice with you Sir*
in the fact that we have erected one of the most beautifhl buildings in
the city, and in every respect suited to our wants.

In regard to the early history of the Society, there are few left to tell
this story. You and I Sir, were present at its first celebration, and the
scene is fresh in my memory.

Genl. Dearborn, ever to be honored and remembered, presided and gave *
as a toast, *' Intelligence and Industry^ The only conservators of the
Republic." Easily do I recall the sentiments offered by Gov. Winthrop,
Harrison Gray Otis, John Lowell, Daniel Webster, and others at the din-
ner table.

Prophetic words, those of Lt Gov. Winthrop, and Mr. Lowell. The
former gave,

^ T^e Massachusetts HorlicuUural Society, The intelligence and seal
manifested in its infancy are sure presages of its future usefulness and
prosperity."

To which may be added the one offered by Mr. Lowell: *I give it
welcome, as the proper meanSy the best means, the only means of concen-
trating the individual skill of our excellent and practical cultivatofts.
May its success equal my hopes, it cannot exceed them."

Mr. Wilder then alluded to ' the celebrations of late years, in Faneuil
Hall and elsewhere, where the festive board was graced by the presence
of Madam, the widow of Alexander Hamilton, at his side, Messrs. Web-
ster, Everett, Downing, Winthrop, Skinner, Quincy and others, quoting
from the speeches of these gentlemen, and at some length from Mr.
Everett^s inimitable speech, on the very day of his return, after an absence
of four years as minister at the Court of St James.

Mr. President, I recall the thought expressed in Genl. Dearborn's senti-
ment at our first festival Yes, Gentlemen, it is intelligence and industry,
that makes men great It is the intelligence, industry, and perseverance of
our people, that has made Massachusetts and New England great in the hiv-
tory of our country, and it is to these cardinal principles we must ever
look for the prosperity and advancement of our Society. Massacbusetls
was first in the field, for the development of the independei.ee of oof

NOYEMBEB. 849

country, and fiist in the field for the soppression of the late rebeilion.
Maasachuaetta haa heeo a leader in the great benevolent enterpriaea of
our day, and it waa fitting and proper that the Maaaachnaetta Horticultural
Society should have been the great pioneer in the advancement of herti*
cultyre and kindred arts.

To the influence exercised by this Society may be traced the great
improvement in our gardens and orchards, and in the rural embellishment,
not only of New England, but other parts of our country. From the
Maaaachusetts Horticultural Society emanated the establishment of nu-
meroua kindred associations. And may I not say, with becoming diffi*
dence, that from this Society, alao, originated the idea df our National
Pomological Society , now exerting a most happy influence throughout ouf
land.

But I must close. Go on my friends with increaaing seal and industry,
let our past history and success excite you to renewed eflTorts for stiU
greater excellence, ever remembering that for the highest attainment we
moat depend on the culture of the mind, as well as the culture of the
soil: —

** Survey the globe tbrongb every soae.
From Lima lo Japan,
In lineBmenis of light 'i n shown

That CoLTURK makes the man.
All that man has. had, hopes, can have,

Past, promised, or possessed,
Are iruiu which Culture gives, or gave,
At inc'uslry's behest."

Mr. President, I am adinoniahed that I have already occupied too maih
time, and will conclude by offering aa my sentiment:

Jlie PruUtni of Ue MtrnwdamiU HiniieuUund Sociehf.^li waa hia
mission to lead in the beautiful art of cultivation. Worthily and well
haa be fulfilled it

At the conclnaion three cheers were given for Mr. Wilder.

The President then gave the following:

Botany, — that pleaaant study which makes us familiar with every plant
wherever we go, clothing every field with companiona and friends.

Professor Russell responded to this sentiment, and we only regret our
inability to find room for hia remarka. He gave the following sentiment:

The MauachuuiU HortieuUtaral Socieh/'t last SetdKngj just ahovi to
hs ** let out^ to the public It has proved true, under the culture of the
^ Author of the Fruits of America," to what it promised, when many years
since it waa so clearly DeaM>om.

Other toasts were given and numerous speeches made, by Messrs. J. F.
C. Hyde, W. C. Strong, S. H. Gibbens, and other gentlemen present, and
the meeting broke up at a seasonable hour, all delighted with the preva-*
leoee of so much harmony ^d enthusiasm.

€M, 4.-^The stated Quarterly Meeting of the Society was held to-dhy,—
the President in th^ chair.

850 THE MAGAZINE OP HOBnCULTURB.

The election of officers for the ensuing year took place to-day, and the
following gentlemen were unanimoasly elected : —

Prmdent — Charles M. Hovey.

Vke-Prtsidenta-'J, F. C. Hyde, C. O. Whitmore, W. C. StroDg^ H.
Hollis Hunnewell. *

TVeasurer — William R. Austin.

Corrtsponding Sieniary — Samuel H. Gibbens.

Recording Secretary— F, P. Denny.

Professor 9/ Botany and Vtfrttahle Physiology — John L. Russell.

Professor of Zo6logy—J, W. P. Jenks.

Professor of Horticultural Chemistry — A. A. Hayes.
, Executive Committee — The President, Chairman; The Treasurer, Mar-
shall P. Wilder, J. S. Cabot, Joseph Breck.

Committee for Establishing Premiums — Chairman of Committee on Pinjtt,
Chairman ; Chairmen of Committees on Flowers, Vegetables and Gardens,
and Parker Barnes.

Committee on Finance — Josiah Stickney, Chairman ; Marshall P. Wilder,
C. O. Whitmore.

Committee on the Library — Francis Parkman, Chairman ; W. H. Spooner,
Jr., G. W. Pratt, R. McCleary Copeland, L. Wetherell.

Committee on Ornamental Gardening — II. H. Hunnewell, Chainnaii;
W. C. Strong, II. Weld Fuller, Parker Barnes, Chairmen of Committees on
Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables.

Committee on f\uits^J. F. C. Hyde, Chairman; J. S. Cabot, W. C..
Strong. P. B. Hovey, E. A. Brackett, Fearing Burr, Jr., D. T. Curtis.

* Committee on Flowers — El. W. Buswell, Chairman; J. C. Hovey, James
McTear, C. H. B. Breck, Geo. Craft, F. Parkman, S. H. Gibbens.

Committee on Vegetables — Abner Peirce, Chairman; James Nugent,
George Hill, B. Harrington, Joseph T. Walker, R. M. CopeUnd, C. N.
Brackett ,

Committee on Synonyms of FntU — Josiah Stickney, Chairman ; Benj. P.
Cheney, C. M. Hovey, J. S. Cabot, Chairman of the Committee on Fruits.

Committee on Publication — Corresponding Secretary, Chairman ; Record-
ing Secretary, E. A. Brackett, Chairmen of Committees on Flowers, Fruits^
Vegetables, and Gardens.

^odiniltitral (^pemttons

rOR ZfOVBMBBiU
rRt71T DBPARTMBIIT.

Thb month of October has continued rath* dry, only one rain in any
remarkable quantity having fallen. The temperature, without being cold,
has yet been rather low, with the first frost on the 3d, rather light, but
heavier on the 6th ; since then the lowest has been 26^. The dry weather

NOYEMBEB. * 851

has allowed a fine opportunity to get ground ready for planting, and as
more rains may be expected trees will have the advantage of the moisture
after being set out. Improve the opportunity to do everything possible to
forward *such work as can be done in the autumn.

ViffEs, in early forcing houses, will now begin to show their blossoms,
and a higher temperature should be kept up, with less moisture, and air in
moderate quantity in good weather. See that the border is well covered
with manure, and, as the frosts become more severe, well covered with old
litter, leaves, or anything that will retain the warmtfi in the soil. Upon
this much of the success depends. Vines in graperies will now be at rest,
and will require no care until the time for pruning. Vines in cold houses
should be neatly pruned, and, as soon as the cold is severe, laid down and
covered with leaves, or what is perhaps better, with the soil of the border,
as this does not harbor mice, which oAen.do much damnge to the vines.
Hardy grapes may be pruned this month, and laid down before the ground
freeaes hard.

Orchabd-IIoubes should have an abundance of air, night and day,
closing up only in wet or very severe frosty weather. Protect the earth by
covering the pots to the depth of three or fomr inches with dry leaves.

Trees,- intended for the orchard-house, n^ay, if convenient, be wintered
in a warm shed, or cool, light cellar.

Strawberry Beds should be cleared of any weedtf, the walks hoed, and
all will be ready for covering next month.

Pear, and other fruit trees, may be transplanted this month.

Cl'rranta, Kaspbsrribs, dz.c., may be transplanted.

Iff SECTS should be looked after. The canker worm grub will soon
begin to run up the trees, and they should be well protected with tar.

Tkbrch and prepare ground intended for planting next spring, draining,
if neceBsary.

TLOWER DEPARTMENT.

As the weather becomes cooler, with sharp frosts, all the plants, which
are likely to suffer, should be placed in frames, and protected with sashes,
boards, or a covering of leaves. Many greenhouse plants do better in a
frame, until the middle of November, if well protected from frost.

Camellias will now begin to swell their buds, particularly when the
house is kept rather warm. They should have an occasional syringing in
good weather, and carefully watered at the root. Wash and clean the
foliage, if the plants require it

Azaleas will be at rest at this season, unless placed in a warm-house.
This is the season to tie them into shape, when fine specimens are wanted.
Water carefully, keeping the plants properly moistened, but not wet
Syringe occasionally.

Pelarooniums, potted off last month, and removed to a frame, or the
house, should now have a place near the glass, and have the top Bbool
pinched ofl^ so as to make bushy specimens. Keep the plants abundantly
aired, and rather dry.

352 THB MAGAZINE OP HOBTICULTUBB.

CHRTSANTHEMqMs shouid be freely watered, vming liquid manure occa-
■ionally.

HTACi!fTHs, Narcissus, Cbocus, and other bulbs, for early blooming,
may now be potted and placed in frames, where they can remain tiU
December, and then brought into the house to bloom.

AcHiMBNES AivD Gloxinias may be placed away on a dry sh^, beneath
the stage.

Chimese Pbimroses may bafe a shifl now, into larger pots, and a good
airy situation, near the glass.

Heaths should be kept in a frame aa long as the weather will admit, as
nothing is more injurious than strong fire heat

Begonias, where there is not sufficient heat to keep them growing well,
may be put away on a shelf, and kept rather dry, till the time for shifting,
in February or March.

BEDDine Geraniums, taken up and potted for spring planting, should be
kept cool and dry until such time as it is intended to start them into aetife
growth.

Verbenas, Petunias, and other bedding stock, may yet be propagated,
if not already done.

Ajllamanoas, Dracjenas, and similar plants, may be kept in a warm
part of the greenhouse, and very sparingly watered.

Monthly Carnations, coming into bloom, should have a good place,
near the light, and young stock, just potted off, may be kept on a cool, dry
shelf.

Cyclamens, recently potted, will do best for a time in a frame, where
they can be protected from rains and frosts.

Fansies, for winter blooming, should be potted immediately, and have
the protection of a frame till well established.

Roses, taken up from the border and potted, should be placed in a warm
frame until new roots are formed, when they may be hardened oflf^ and
kept cool and dry for the winter, or brought into the house to bloom.

Deutsias, Spirxas, WEieELiAs, and similar plants, for forcing in
winter, should be taken up and potted, and placed away in a cool part of
the house.

Cinerarias ANn Calceolarias may now have a shift into larger pots,
and a good place on a shelf, near the glass. Fumigate, if the green fly
appears.

Ferns will now have partially stopped growing, and where the room is
limited they may be allowed to remain dormant for a while, by keeping
rather dry. If fine specimens are wanted, repot, and keep in a warm
house.

OacBins should now be kept rather dry, and moderately cool, a temper-
ature of 60^ being ample for all, except the India sorts.
' Look over and repot all plants which require it Prune and tie in such
things as Kennedias, Sollyas, and other running plants. Give plenty of
room to blooming specimens. Air liberally, and fumigate for the green ffy
orthrips.

Oti TIIK

ORCHARD-HOUSE.

CORDON TRAINING OF FRUIT TREES

FOR THE

OHCIIARD-IIOISK AND QP^N AIR.

Bj T. COLLINGS BREIIAUT.

WITH A

SUPPLEMENT

C0ffTA[WINO

EEltARKS ON CORDON TRAIFnTG OF THE PEAE; THE CirLTIVATIOK

AND PRUNING OF PEACH TBEE8 IN POTS; THE BEST

VARIETIES OF FRITITS FOR POT CULTTOE;

AND

OENERAl REMARKS ON ORCHARD-HOUSES ADAPTED TO THE CLIMATB
OF THE UNITED STATES.

BY O. M. HOVEY,

1 voIm octavo. Pric0, $1.25.

Thia volume coDtaros, in adatlion to ihe Ufge experience of Mr. Brehnut, nil the infdr.
mation needful for the cullivfttor to successfully cultivate the peach tree m pots, by th«
Editor, with aele€l»i>ni of the best fruits adapted lu the On^hnrd4iouse and Pot Culture.

Published by Hovey & Co., 53 North Market St., Boston-

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE,

FOE 1865.

Horticultural Science, Landscape Gardening,
and Rural Art.

A NEW VOLUME

COMMENCES ON THE FIRST OF JANUARY, 1866.

THK PiaST VOI^tTMlS OP THE FIFTH SKHimS^

EDITED BY C, M. HOVEY,
AUTHOR OF THE FKUITB OF AMERICA,

QOHFLKTB SBTB Ml TBIBTT WOLVUEB, BJLHDSOMELT UOUND, TWO HOLLAKA

The Pirat Volume of ihe Fifth Bkrics (VoK XXX[.) commences on Oio tint ol
January, U has now been so long before the public, and is m popular thmu^fhoni the
conntry, that it woald appear superflugus to urge he claims upon the attention of cnllivs-
lorsj aniateur^f or gentlemen interedled in IJortlcuUnral pursuits. It has be<^n hisfhly
influential in diffusing a taste for Gardening and Rural Art everywhere, and \a an almo^l
indispensable aid to tlie Pnmologiat, ihe lover of FloT^^ers, the Country Gentleman, and
all who feel the lea«t interested in the cuUivntion of trees and plnnii, in the ftdonitneni of
theif gardens and grounds^or in tlie spread of a taste for Rural improvement* To enlarge
its influence, corresponding with this advance of taste^ and the increAuing number of cd*
tivators throughout the country, is the object and ambition of the editor.

It will embrace, among other kindred fiubjecta, the followmCT-: —

The Kitchen Garden,

Reviews of Horticultural Works,

Suburban Visits,

Foreign Noticesj

Monthly Gosaip*

Replies to Questions,

Reports of HortLcullural Socveties.

The Progress of Horticulture,
The Science of Cultivation^
Descriptions of all New Fruits,
Descriptions of all New Flowers,
Descriptiort>i of bU New Trees and Shrubs,
Potnological Gossip,
LandKcape Gardening,

And to facilitote the labora of cuUivators, a

Moathly Calendar of Horticultural Operations

will be given in detail^ and adtLpted to the wantjj of amateur cultivatori, reminding them
of the routine of operations which are necessnry to be performed in the Fruit Garden,
Flower Oiird en, Ornimental Grounds, Greenhouses^ Grapery, and Kitchen Garden, through
the varying seasona of the year. In fine, giving all the information which the am'iteur
«r the country genti^an requires to manage successfully the Hrm^llest or hrge^t garden.

In the thirty vditmes now completed, more thiin AT/m: fiitndftd Dmwxn^s of the
Newest and Finent Fruits have appeared, rnany of them in no other work, und upwiird»
«»f Eighteen Hundred olher Kn graving^, illustrating the great variety of subjects treated
■pon. No pains will be spired to render the Magazine what it has heretofore been—
the mo^t valuable Horticultural |>oriodica] extant.

TcRMs, Two DglUra a j^ear, in variably in advance. Four copies to one a^dftMs Six
Dollars.

HOVEY^ & CO.,
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Tm m

Fiftb Series. Vol. I.

MAGAZINE

HORTICULTURE,

BOTANY,
IV EDEAL ATFAXBa

" Je TOUdAlj ^ahbiiffer tout rnTiiTtfa de mon goQit pour kj JoMIeu- O mf pvuilik qu^ mI
i>ip«liili]* qtt'lin iD^chuit piiiiae PbTolr. Tl D^««tpolut dc irwrtufi qa* J* qc suppcwe I «ivl ItU
kfau i pvkr «t i Iklr* dM>rdlu. Pat^ dv f^oiHe, tmiplru Ift^rdiaoimteto i to* UL&ni/'

No. CCCLXXII.
DECEMBER, 1865.

EDITED BY C. M. HOVBY,

ArTHOR or TBS FBVITB OT AMERICA.

■««OMti Nianu or n* lotriOTinnut locutm «r cncniuti, iu« ■
usnu, veieuru, MCBura, mmta, cut*u»>, *iua««ro)i. iM.

BOSTON:

PUBLISHED BY HOVET h CO.

&a HORTK MAJIKIT STREET^ OPPOaiTl f AJilTJiL EAU*.

vol* xxxi

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE.

FIFTH SERIES. VOL. L-OR. YOL. XXXL

EfltabHahed m 1835.

TERMS:

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CONTENTS.

L Review of the Grape Crop, _-_--- 353

2» Concerning Country ReBidenceB, By Rev. A. D. Gridley,

Clinton, N, Y 357

a Four Good Autumn Peam. By D. W. Lothrop, W. Medford, 300

4. Hybrid Grapes. By Jacob Moor«, Rochester, N. Y. - - 363

5. Descriptions of Select PeaiB. By the Editor, , - - 366

6. Garden Gossip, -._---,- 36£^

7. General Notices, 371

8. Massachusetts IJorlicuUural Society, ----- 370

9. Obituary, . . - . - . - , - 371
JO* liorticultural Operations for December, . - - - 375

Cash Advertising Terms for 1865.

One page, each insertion, $20 00* JIalf page, each insertion, $10 00.
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H. W. DffitO* k Bqv, FaiHTiM.

Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

1866.

THE

MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE,

Horticultural Science, Landscape Qardening^

and Rural Art.

A NEW VOLUME

COMMENCES ON THE FIRST OF JANUARY, 1866.

THB BBCOMD TOIiUMB OF THB FIFTH SKRIBS,

EDITED BY C. M. HOVEY,
AUTHOR OF THE FRUITS OF AMERICA.

eOMPLBTB 8BTS IN THIRTY YOLUMBS, HAND80MVLT BOUITD, riTTT DOLLiLBS.

The Second Volame of the Fifth Series (Vol. XXXII.) commeDces on the first of
JaDaary. It has now been so long before the public, and is so popular throughout the
country, that it would appear superfluous to urge its claims upon the attention of cultiva-
tors, amateurs, or gentlemen interested in Horticultural pursuits. It has been highly
influential in diffusing a taste for Gardening and Rtiral Art everywhere, 'and is an almost
indispensable aid to the Pomologist, the lover of Flowers, the Country Gentleman, and
all who feel the least interested in the cultivation of trees and plants, in the adornment of
their gardens and grounds, or in the spread of a taste for Rural improvement To enlarge
its influence, corresponding with this advance of taste, and the increasing number of cul-
tivators throughout the country, is the object and ambition of the editor.

It will embrace, among other kindred subjects, the following : —

The Kitchen Garden,

Reviews of Horticultural Works,

Suburban Visits,

Foreign Notices,

Monthly Gossip,

Replies to Questions,

Reports of Horticultural Societies.

The Progress of Horticulture,
The Science of Cultivation,
Descriptions of all New Fruits,
Descriptions of all New Flowers,
Descriptions of all New Trees and Shrubs,
Pomological Gossip,
Landscape Gardemng,

And to facilitate the labors of cultivators, a

Monthly Calendar of Hortiooltiiral Operations

will be given in detail, and adapted to the wants of amateur cultivators, reminding then
of the routine of operations which are necessary to be performed in the Fruit Garden,
Flower Garden, Ornamental Grounds, Greenhouses, Grapery, and Kitchen Garden, through
the varying seasons of the year. In fine, gijring all the information which the amateur
or the country gentleman requires to manage successfully the smallest or largest garden.

In the thirly-one volumes now completed, more than JVTne Hundnd Drawings of the
Newest and Finest Fruits have appj^red, many of them in no other work, and upwards
of Eighteen Hundred other Engravings, illustrating the great variety of subjects treated
■pon. No pains will be spared to render the Magazine what it lus heretofore been —
the most valuable Horticultural periodical extant.

Tbbms. Two Dollars a year, invariably in advance.

HOVEY & CO.,
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Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of HarticuUure.

THE FRUITS OF AMERICA.

A SPLENDID WORK, CONTAINING BEAUTIFULLY COLORED PLATES OF
ALL THE CHOICEST FRUITS OF THE UNITED STATES,

Villi Completa Descriptions of oaolt Variety, flieir CnltiTatioB, te. .

BY C- M. HOVEY,

EDITOB OF THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBB.

Two Volamefl of this splendid work have been completed, containing 96 colored plates
of the following Fruits, made from drawings expressly for the work : —

Vol !•

Paradise of Aatumn,

Bostiexer,

St. Andre,

Swan's Orange,

Sienlle,

T^son,

Van Mens Leon le Clerc,

Vicomte de Spoelberck,

Winter Kelis.

PEARS.
Andrews,
Beurre Bosc,
Benrre Diel,
Bearre d'Arembeig,
Beorre d'Anjou,
Benrre, Golden of Bilboa,
BeUe Lacratire,
Diz,
Dojenne d'Ete,
Doyenne Boossock,
Dachess of Angonleme,
Dochess of Orleans,
Dearhom's Seedling,
Flemish Beauty,
Glont Morcean,
Heathcot,
Le Cure, or Vicar,
Las Canas,
Looise Bonne of Jenej,

PBARS.
Adams,
BarUett,

Benrre Beaumont,
Benrre Claiiceao,
Benrre Oris d'Hiver,
Benrre Langelier,
Benrre Sterekman,
- Brandywbe,
Bnffnm,
Bonne des Zees,
Colmar d'Aiemberg,
Colambia,
Collins,
D'Albret,
Doyenne, White,
Fulton,

Oansell's Bergamot,
Howell,

APPLES.

Baldwin,

Benoni,

Early Harvest,

Hubbardston Nonsuch,

Northern Spy,

Porter,

Bed Aubtrachan.

Vol n.

Hull,

Henkel,

Lawrence,

Marie Louise,

Manning's Eliiaheth,

Seckel,

Sheldon,

St. Michael Archangel,

St. Ohislain,

Triumph de Jodoigae,

Urbamste.

CHERRIES.
Black Eagle,
Early Purple Gnigne,
Late Duke,
May Biearrean,
Sweet Montmorency.

PEACHES.

Early Yoik,
Early Crawford,
Stetson's Seedling.

PLUMS.
Coe's Golden Drop,
Thomas,
Washington.

STRAWBERRIES.

Boston Pine,
Hovey's Seedling.

Minister,

Rhode Island Greening,

Tufts.

CHERRIEa
Downer,
Hovey.

PEACHES.
Crawford's Late,
Coolidge's Favorite,
Cutter's Yellow,
Jacques.

PLUMS.
Green Gage, ,
Jefferson,
McLaughlin^

STRAWBERRIES.
Scott's Seedling.

APPLES.

Cogswell,

Famense,

Gravenstein,

Hawley,

Lady Sweet,

Manomet,
No pains nor expense have been spared in the preparation and completion of these vol-
umes. The (hiits are all taken from original drawings^ made expressly for the work, from
specimens raised in the collection of the author, and faithfully portray the characteristics
of each. The splendid style in which the plates are colored, renders it unnecessaiy to
speak in their fkvor.

The two Volumes, now completed, contain 48 Plates each, delineating Niitktt-Six
varieties of the finest Fruits, and form one of the most beautiful works ever published on
Pomology. The two Volumes, superbly bound in Tm^ey gilt, #35.

BOSTON:

PUBUSHED BY HOVEY & CO., 53 NORTH MARKET ST.

Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

A VALUABLE

HORTICULTURAL LIBRARY.

THE .

HAfiAZINE OF HORTICULTURE,

EDITED BY C. M. HOVEY,

PRB81I>BKT or THB HASSACHUSBTTg HORTICULTUKAL BOOISTT. AKD AUTHOR OV
» • THB FRUITS OF AMBRIOA.

IN THIRTY VOLUMES.
1835 to 1865.

CONTAININO FIGUBBS AND DESCRIPTIONS OP THE FOLLOWING FRUITS:

300 varieties of Pears, including all the new kinds.
100 " " Apples.
60 " " Plums.
20 " ** Cherries.
10 ** " Girapes.
6 " " Strawberries.
100 Engravings of Ornamental Trees.
100 ^' ^' Flowers and Plants ; and upwards of

1000 other Engravings, including Plans of Gardens, Graperies and
Greenhouses, various modes of GrafUng, Budding and Propagating, &c.

The several Volumes contain numerous valuable articles by

Gen. H. A. S. DbakbOrn, Capt. Lovew, A. J. Downing,

^AM^L DowNEB, R. Manning, Sam'l Walker, Dr. T. W.
Harris,' Dr. W. D. Brtncklb, A. H. Ernst, Dr. J. A.
Kennicott, Wm. Rbid, Judge Buel, Hon. M. P. Wilder,
Hon. J. S. Cabot, Rev. H. W. Beegher, Prof. J. L. Russell,

Wilson Flaog, Chas. Downing, P. B. Mead, Thos. Meeban,

Ellwangbe & Barrt, Prof. J. P. Kirtland, H. H. Hunnbwell,
and many other eminent practical and professional cultivators.

The 30 volumes contain a mass of valuable information on eveiy subject con-,
nected with gardening, and especially on the higher branches of horticultural
art — upon the culture of the grape under glass — the peach tree in pots — the
pruning and training of the pear, the apple, and the peach — the growth of the
strawberry — the culture of the cucumber under glass — the treatment of the Ca-

4 • Advertising Sheet of the Mag. of Horticulture.

mellia, Rose, Pelargonium, Carnation, Azalea, Hyacinth, Chrysanthemum,
Dahlia, Heath, Chinese Primrose, Gladiolus, Gloxinia, Japan Lily, Phlox, Ver-
bena, Ranunculus, Cyclamen, Cineraria, Oxalis, and all other flowers — descrip-
tions of modes of budding, gracing, layering, propagating, pruning apd training
plants-*— the construction of greenhouses, conservatories and graperies — descrip-
tions and mode of culture of all our hardy ornamental trees and shrubs, particu-
larly the Rhododendron, Azalea, Kalmia, and Magnolia — general directions for
laying out grounds of larger or smaller extent, with many plans — Essays on
Landscape Gardening and Rural art, with hints upon the improvement of grounds
'-extracts and gleanings from all the principal gardening periodicals in Europe
— full and complete descriptions of all the principal plants introduced to Europe
since 1835, more than 3000 in number — descriptions and engravings of more
than 300 pears, with notices of many hundred more— descriptions and engrav-
ings of 100 varieties of apples, and notices of every variety introduced ;* also of
cherries, plums, apples, peaches, strawberries, grapes, currants, blackberries,
raspberries, &c. — Reports of various Horticultural Societies— of every session of
the American Pomological Society — the weekly, monthly and annual proceed-
ings of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, oflen with reports of the commit-
tees — and a calendar of operations for every nionth in the year, for thirty con-
secutive years ; in all, nearly 20,000 pages of horticultural intelligence, and
2000 engravings illustrative of the various subjects. The literature of gardening
does not contain a similar instance of continued exertion to record its progress.
Loudon's Magazine reached its 19th volume^ and the Gardeners' Chronicle, the
prominent publication of Great Britain, at this day, is only in its 24th year. In
our own country no kindred publication has such an early date as our Magazine.

The 30 volumes are now offered for sale in complete sets, or parts of sets,
(each complete), and in odd volumes, at the following prices :

30 vols., 1835 to 1865, handsomely bound, - - - 950 00

15 vols., 1850 to 1865, " ** . . . 30 00

5 vols., 1850 to 1855, " *» . . . 12 00

5 vols., 1855 to 1860, ** *« . . . 12 00

5 vols., 1860 to 1865, ** «* . . - 12 00

Vols. 1 to 15, complete the lat series.
Vols. 16 to 20, '' 2d series, (vols. 1 te 5).

Vols. 21 to 25, " 3d series, (vols. 1 to 5).

Vols. 26 to 30, " • 4th series, (vols. 1 to 5.)

The year 1865 commences the 5th series. *

30 vols, unbound, 1835 to 1865, $30 00

15 vols. '' 1850 to 1865, 18 00

10 vols. " 1855 to 1865, 12 00

Odd vols. ^* $1 each. The latter mailed free on receipt of $1.

^^Every volume contains one or more articles worth more than the price.
Address

HOVEY & CO.,

PUBI.I8HBRS,

53 North Market Street, Boston.

REVIEW OP THE GRAPE CROP.

Experience is the surest guide to the culture of our
best fruits, and usually every year adds something to our
fund of information, by which we form a better estimate of
their real merits. With the grape, however, it can scarcely
be said we know but little if any more than we did a year
ago. Tlie season has not been favorable. Though dry,
almost beyond precedent, still the mildew and rot have pre-
vailed to a great extent, and the latter has, in some localities,
destroyed nearly the whole crop.

It has heretofore been stated, by various cultivators, that
the great cause of mildew and rot has been owing to our wet
summers ; yet, with one unusually dry, these maladies have
prevailed to even a greater extent than in the wettest season.
Vo what cause, then, must the mildew be attributed ? For,
if we are to alleviate its injurious effects, we ought to know
when to apply the remedies. Certainly the present year
fully proves that a dry summer is quite as fatal to the grape
as a wet one, and tliat there are some causes, besides
moisture and dryness, which bring on mildew and rot.

Moisture or dryness alone cannot, therefore, be considered
as the cause of mildew ; and if not these, then we must look
to temperature, as being the probable source of mischief, and
here we have some data, ascertained by close observation, to
show that it is owing much more to changes of temperature
than to moisture or drought. We have never so closely
noticed the growth of the grape, in the open air, as during
the past summer. Having a very large quantity of young
vines under cultivation we watched them more closely than
usual, on account of the weather, fearing they would suffer
from the long-continued drought. They were planted out in
the early part of June, and with careful watering, and other
good treatment, began to grow vigorously towards tlie last of
the month. We now considered them as well established,
and that moderately dry weather was more favorable than

VOL. XXXI. — NO. xn. 23

354 THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTURE.

too much rain, and that they would need no furtlier atten-
tion.

About the second week in July the weather was very warm
during the day, but quite cool at night, and the waterings were
discontinued, as we thought we detected some mildew. On
the 14th and 15th of the month the thermometer fell as low
as 41°, and many of the kinds received a sudden check, with
more mildew. Subsequently, however, with frequent gentle
syringings, and other care, they recovered their growtli, and
made strong and vigorous vines.

It was just at this time that our attention was attracted to
the Concord grape, an old vine of which was growing against
a house, facing the north-west, with the sun upon it less tian
lialf the day, and bearing annually a bushel or two of fruit.
We found the berries in a sad condition, more than two-thirds
of them almost black with rot, which soon after began to fall
off, and at the usual period of ripening not one, perfect })unch
remained upon the vine, and the whole crop was not worth
gathering. Other varieties we did not have in bearing^
except a Delaware, on the opposite side of the house faoing
south-east. This did not buffer in the least, and the vine
produced the usual small crop of very excellent fruit.

It might be asked why the Delaware did not rot like the
Concord ; but this we cannot answer. All we can do is to
offer our theory of the cause, which may pass for what it is
worth. In the first place the Concord, always a vigorous
grower, had been accelerated in its vigor by the warm and
sliowery weather of the early part of June, and this rank
growth, in its half-sunny aspect, was overtaken by the almost
frosty nights of July, directly expoced to the cold winds from
the north-west, which, acting upon the tender s'kin of the
berry, suddenly checked the growth, and the rot was the
result. Not so with the Delaware ; this not over vigorous
vine at any time, with its spare branches and small foliage,
exposed to the full sun nearly all day, had its wood more
mature, and was less susceptible of injury. It was entirely
sheltered from the cold winds by the high building, and tlie
warmth gathered by day was undoubtedly a material aid to
the vine, moderating the cold damp of the night. Whether,

DECEMBER. 865

however, this is a satisfactory solution of the trouble our
readers must decide.

Unfortunately the rot has prevailed extensively throughout
the country, in many localities where there has been but
little if any mildew. On all the vines which we have examined
in several collections, we have invariably found the best fruit
upon those facing the east or south. We do not, of course,
consider a north-west aspect a favorable one ; not so good,
certainly, as an open trellis. Yet we have never known the
rot to attack the Concord in our grounds, in the same locality,
before.

We have seen it somewhere stated that the rot could not
be attributed to the cool nights and hot days, for we always
have them during the summer. But this we do not admit.
Having kept a record of the weather for upwards of thirty
y^ars, we find it very rare, indeed, to have so low a tempera-
ture as 42^ in July. Any one who has ever grown the
foreign grape in a grape-house well knows that a few nights,
with the temperature at 42^, when the grapes are rapidly
swelling, with a sharp wind, will mildew any grape ; and if it
is so in the house, we do not know why it should not be so in
the open air.

We, however, give our views, perhaps untenable, but worthy
of some consideration. With a warm and dry summer the
grape crop has been much poorer than in the wet one of 1868.
Some kinds, in some localities, have done remarkably well,
and larger bunclws, or better ripened berries, we never saw.
Union Village and Rogers's No. 4 and 15, which did not
ripen in 1868 or 1864, matured well this year. But as a
conclusion of this brief record we add the following notes
upon such kinds as we have particularly noticed :

AnraoNDAC. — We know of only one bearing vine in our
neighborhood. This was set out in the spring of 1864, grew
six or eight feet, and notwithstanding ten or twelve good
layers were taken from the vines this year, it produced six
bunches of beautiful grapes, not large, but fully ripe, as
early, or earlier than the Hartford Prolific. It was affected
scarcely any with the mildew or rot. Exposure south-east
upon a trellis against a high fence. The year's experience
entitles it to the first place among our hardy grapes.

3^ THE MAGAZINB OF EOBTICULTUBB.

Rebecca. — ^This lias been apparenlly a favorable year for
this fine grape. No mildew to speak of, and it has matured
quite as early as the Delaware, attaining that rich amber
tint which it has not done in some previous years. It plainly
shows that it prefers a warm summer to bring out its high
character.

Allen's Hybrid. — Not so good this year as last ; bunches
smaller, and color greener. It certainly sufiFered at the same
time and probably from the same cause as the Concord.
There was no rot, but some mildew. It is, however, a superb
grape.

Crevelling. — Tills grgpe is increasing in popularity.
While it is scarcely any earlier than the Concord, and not so
large in the bunch, it has a brisk and more spirited juice than
that variety. It is a less rampant grower, and did not suffer
from rot, though there was some slight mildew of the foliage,
but not of the fruit.

Delaware. — Not so good as last year, though occasional
specimens have beSn exhibited of great excellence. They
have ripened a week or more later than usual, and have not
had that clear, rich, deep wine color, so characteristic of this
sort. The rot has not affected it, but the leaves have mil-
dewed slightly. It has, however, stood well among the
various sorts, and, though not so good, has been a pretty
sure crop.

Hartford Prolific. — (Generally very good, tliough inferior
to 1864. Very little rot, and but slight mildew, but from
some cause, perhaps dry weather, the bunches and berries
were smaller than usual.

Union Village. — ^This has been very fine, indeed, we have
never seen bunches larger, and as handsome — as it has been
said — as the Hamburg. Though rather late it is a hand-
some and sure crop, even if not fully mature.

Rogers's No. 4. — This, judging from one favorable locality,
when grown on a trellis against a high fence facing the south,
has proved better than we have ever seen it ; in fact, we
never have before tasted it fully mature. This year it was
0, and the berries large, as black as sloes, and very good.
In warm summers it may do well, and prove valuable.

DECEMBER. 857

• Rogers's Nos. of various kinds we tasted in bearing at Col.
Wilder's in September. We did not make any note of several
kinds that we tasted, all -oiearly or quite mature, but Nos. 3
and 19 appeared well, and are worthy of further trial. With-
out being of high character, ilieir size, vigor and productive-
ness, may make them valuable in many collections.

Framingham. — Three or four clusters, on vines set out as
late as June, i;^pened earlier than Hartford Prolific, quite as
good, and with larger bunches. It is a most vigorous grower,
equalling the Concord, and when well established will show
its good qualities better.

loNA, Is^AELLA, and some othei: sorts we have not fruited.
A few specimens of the lona have been exhibited as early as
September 19th, and they were quite ripe, and fully sustain
the high character of this very superior grape. Both are
vigorous, though not rampant growers.

Diana. — This, often subject to rot, has been much more
affected this year than usual. Very few good specimens have
been exhibited. It is to be regretted that a grape of such great
excellence should have a single fault. It evidently wants a
more sheltered location (such was the original one wliere it
grew from seed) where it will not feel the alternations of heat
and cold, and it will repay any extra attention.

Some other sorts might be enumerated, but these are such
as we have fruited ourselves, or seen with grape cultivators
around Boston, and we give these results from the limited
locality under our observation. They will serve to show
what are the results of an imexampled year.

CONCEHNINGT COUNTRY RESIDENCES.

BY RBV. A. D. GRIDLBY, CLINTON, N. T.

We do not propose to speak, just now, of the house and
home of the ordinary farmer, who conducts all his operations
for the simple object of gaining a livelihood ; nor the dwell-
ing of the villager, who owns a neatly painted *^box " on the
thickly settled street. But rather, the residence of a gentle-

858 THE MAGAZINE OP HOBnCULTURB.

man outside of city or village, be he fanner^ or tradesmaQ,
or retired citizen, who lives in the country from choice, who
makes country life attractive, who .is drawn to it by his sin-
cere love of rural beauty, and the refined pleasures of
country life.

The tendency with the majority is in another direction.
They cannot bear the quietude of the country ; they want
the excitement which comes from the conscious presence of
a multitude, and from the stir and din of crowded thorough-
fares. They love the show and brilliancy of the city, " the
sweet security of streets," the smooth and clean side-walks,
the gas-lights, and other comforts and luxuries which belong
to town life. And even the villager, whose house and shop or
store are hard by the post-office, church, hotel or rail-way
station, affects a degree of pity. for those who live a half
mile or more " out in the country."

Yet it is not so with all. Not a few, and they persons of
real refinement and education, feel a sort of healthy disgust
for the effeminate life of the city ; they do not like to breath
its tainted air, to hear its perpetual racket, to be the victims
of its frequent excitements, to be subject to its many re-
straints of law and custom. They love independence, and
freedom and ease. They have an inlierent instinctive fond-
ness for rural life ; for the various operations of farming and
gardening, for trees and flowers and fruits ; for fine horses,
and oxen and sheep, poultry and dogs. They like to come
in contact with the simple, unaffected inhabitants of the
country, and to be the means, also, of stimulating and help-
ing them in every good word and work.

For one who looks only at personal or family dignity and
true gentility, it is in country life that he will best find it.
The man who lives in the city is swallowed up in the crowd.
He is only Mr. Smith, or Mr. Jones, living on such or such
a street, at such a number, only one of twenty or a hundred
thousand others around him. Whereas, if he lived on a
country-place, with some amplitude of means, he would be
known through all the region around, as the proprietor of
the fine residence overlooking the town or village, and
respected by all its inhabitants. Yet, to - be truly happy in
, the country, one must really love it for its own sake.

DECElfBEB. 359

The English understand this matter very well. Their best
people of all classes live in the country. Men whose busi-
ness or professions confine them to the city for a time, no
sooner acquire a competence, than they hie to the country,
and surround themselves with the comforts and attractions of
a rural residence. In tlie time of James I. some of the
gentry took up their abode in the city, that they might
enjoy more of the luxuries attending court-life. Their king
was wont to dissuade them from this practice, advising them to
go back to their country-seats. " Grentlemen," he would say,
^^at London, you are like ships at sea, which show like noth-^
ing ; but in your coimtry villages, you are like ships in a
river, which look like great things." The gentry need bo
such royal advice now^a-days.

Our own country has now, and always has had, those who
prefer rural to city life. Among eminent men, the mind at
once reverts to Washington, on his country-seat at Mt. Ver-
non ; to Jefferson, at Monticello; to Adams, at Quincy;
to Webster, at Marshfield ; and Clay, at Ashland ; Irving, at
Sunnyside, and many others. And among others in the
walks of private life, there are multitudes in every part of
the land who love the comparative simplicity, independence,
and freedom of the country, above anything that the city can
give them. The Hudson river is lined with their residences ;
the region around Boston is full of them. The shores of
many of our inland lakes and rivers, and the outskirts of
many of our cities and large towns, are fringed with them.

Such facts go to show that the love of country life is a
natural growth among us, and is not dying out. May it
thrive and prosper, more and more! Let us see families,
more and more, every year, removing from our cities to the
country, attracted to it by an unconquerable love, willing to
give up a few luxuries and soft refinements of the town, that
they may enjoy the simpler and purer joys of the countdy,
and may train up their children in circumstances more
favoraUe to their health, happiness and morals.

360 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

FOUR GOOD AUTUMN PEARS.

BT D. W. LOTHROP, WEST MEDFOIU).

If tlie question were publicly asked, which is the best pear,
all things considered, there can be but little doubt that,
among fruit-growers and fruit consumers, it would be pro-
nounced the Bartlett. It has never been over-praised. But
if the question were to be put, which were the best /iro,
the answer would be more varied ; and as we increased the
number, the response would pass into greater diversity.
Hence it is impossible to decide absolutely what are the best
three, six, or dozen pears now under cultivation. We have
different experiences and different estimates not only of
fruits, but of men, cattle, horses, and in fact of every tiling
else ; and this opinion is more or less changeable. But on
the question what are good pears, and worthy of cultiva-
tion, we should meet with much more unanimity. Of
course, in the multiplicity of new varieties of high excel-
lence, as is now the case_ many older ones will lose their
comparative value, and be set aside. So great is the num-
ber of the former, that the time is beginning to approach
when none but those of the greatest merit will be cultivated,
and these will stand in flavor, if not in beauty and vigor, at
the most possible advance in pear culture.

Perhaps no fruit has so great a variety of flavor, or so
extended a compass of quality as the pfear — nauseating and
bitter as the waters of Tamah in some cases, and approach-
ing nectar in others. Van Mons found this diversity in his
seedlings. We taste sugar in the Lawrence, and molasses
in the Belle Lucrative ! Others, like Swan's Orange and
Beurre Superfin, have a commingling of delicate vinegar.
Still others have a different quality of acidity mixed with
their sweetness, and are said to be brisk, spirited or vinous.
Many possess a fine spicy aroma. In that excellent pear the
Andrews, may bo noticed the delicate perfume of newly-cut
hay, which in September carries one agreeably back to the
freshly mown fields of June.

At present, only four varieties will be noticed, all of which
are considered worthy of general cultivation, while the quail-

DECEMBER^ 861

ty of two, at least, is usually pronounced best. These pears
are commended, not to those who have them and know
them, but to those who have them not. Critical descriptions
are not intended.

Beurre d'Anjou. — This variety has been growing in pub-
lic favor for the past ten years or more, without disappoint-
ing any one, and in its season is hard to be rivalled. So
rapid a grower is it that scions of two years* growth, set on
vigorous stocks of one or one and *a half inch diameter,
will form a large top and bfear quite full. In this respect,
I have had no pear that equals it. For orchard culture it is
well regarded, as it is not over fastidious as to treatment.
Unlike most pears, it generally fruits on last year's termi-
nals, which causes the tree to spread and weep — a habit that,
coupled with its showy fruit, makes the tree very attractive,
and tends to give larger specimens. The size of fruit is
large to very large, and its quality rather sweet, moderately
sprightly, with an exceedingly buttery or faiiy pulp, without
the least astringency. But before eating, the fruit should be
quite mellow, and then they are usually of a pale green hue,
(sometimes of light straw) with a little reddish-brown color-
ing on the sunny side. Very much of their goodness is lost
unloBS well ripened, and there is no danger of their passing
into mealiness, as they show plainly the progress of their
decay. They ripen gradually, and. are in eating during
October and November. But much depends upon tlje sea-
son, position of tree, and culture. The past season many
were fully ripe on September 20th. Some place it in Decem-
ber. The d'Anjou, in short, is a noble fruit, a great acquisi-
tion — and seems to have only one fault as a market fruit,
and that is a lack of high color. It is said to do equally
well on either the quince or pear root. •

Swan's Orange. — This large American variety has hereto-
fore had its share of praise, but of later years it has not
attracted a great deal of attention. It will not, however,
be lost in obscurity. Tlio tree is a strong, healthy grower on
its own roots, and bears suflSciently well for so large a pear.
When ripe, its color is a deep yellow, and its slight acidity
is not disagreeable to most palates. On a warm soil, as with

362 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBE.

the writer, it also develops sufficient sugar to make it excel-
lent. Mr. Bivors says tliat in England it is ^^ always sour."
This we should expect from her humid climate. With us we
can hardly conceive of its being second rate, except in damp
seasons or on cold soils. It should be planted in a warm posi-
tion. Generally it does not seem to be a tardy bearer, but
this is somewhat dependant upon treatment. It is tender,
juicy, and spirited ; keeps well, and never cracks. Must take
a place beside the Duchesse and d'Anjou; while on some ac-
counts it is preferable to that well-known autumn pear, the
Beurre Diel. Though lacking the exquisite delicacy of some
varieties, its many good points will commend it not only to
the amateur, but to the market grower.

The Lawrence. — Tliis variety is one of the most delicate
we possess — its color, in its best specimens, being a beautiful
clear straw (a rare sight in early winter), and its quality
juicy, sweet and honeyed, without any astringency, lliough
rather firm in flesh. This season they are ripe now, the
first of November — the result of a dry summer, which must
have been capable of bringing up the most tardy. The Law-
rence, however, will usually keep till January. They easily
ripen in barrels, in the cellar, covered or kept from tlie light.
In this way they color well, but do not seem ever to get very
mellow. But this we forget in eating. The growth of this
variety is so steady and vigorous, with but ordinary care,
the tree so handsome in appearance, and the fruit so beauti-
ful and valuable for the market, that it would be remarkable
if it were not a favorite wherever introduced. It is not
known, I think, to possess a single bad habit.

Doyenne' Boussock. — This is a foreign pear of rather
recent introduction, and was fortunate enough to be one of
the tpvelve commended by a party of the most eminent fruit-
culturists in the vicinity of Boston, members of the Mass.
Horticultural Society. Nevertheless, it is sometimes dispar-
agingly spoken of. Some of the smaller and poorer specimens
may lack flavor, but the largest and best are very tender,
exceedingly juicy, and sweet and refreshing like a tvaiermel*
an. Tlie fruit sets and starts with great vigor in the spring,
and grows as large as the Flemish Beauty, coloring up at

DECEMBEB.

times to a light straw. It then presents a rich appearance.
Tlie tree is vigorous and stocky in growth, and a heavy
bearer. |tipe about the last of September, sells well in
market, and is a good orchard pear.

HYBRID GRAPES

BT JACOB MOORB, R00HB8TBR, N. T.

The hybridization of the native with the foreign species of
grape is now attracting considerable attention. Having
raised a number of good varieties in this way, I herewith
furnish a description of them, for the perusal of all those in-
terested in the subject. These were in every case produced
from seed of the native kinds mentioned, and, it is necessary
to add, are the same varieties exhibited at various pomological
societies as from Moore Brothers, Rochester.

Clover St. Black. — From the Diana, by Black Ham-
burg. Clusters large, about the size of Concord, compact,
regularly shouldered; berries large, roundish, black, over-
spread with dark violet bloom; flesh tender, sweet and
excellent, somewhat similar in flavor to the Hamburg, but
livelier and wholly devoid of the ofiensive musky taste of
the Diana. The vine is a moderately vigorous grower with
broad leaves, as thick or thicker than the Delaware, smooth
underneath ; hardy and productive, and the fruit ripens with
the Concord or earlier. Bore this season for the first time,
^nd was fully ripe by the middle of September. Very
promising.

Clover St. Red. — Same origin as preceding. Clusters
larger than the Diana, loose, and occasionally with a similar
long branch (or shoulder) appended to the top of the bunch.
Berries large, roundish oval, crimson when fully ripe, with a
lilac bloom; flesli*sweet to the centre, tender, juicy, witli a
slight Diana flavor, but richer and more sprightly. The vine
is a rapid grower, shoots largo and leaves thick, hardy and
productive. The fruit ripens same time as the Diana, rather

364 THE MAGAZINE OP HOBUCULTURB.

too late for -this section usually, unless in very favorable
locations.

Diana Hamburg. — Same origin as preceding.. This is
generally considered the best grape of the collection. Clus-
ters very large, six to eighf inches in length, usually longer
in proportion to breadth than the Hamburg, regularly
shouldered, compact ; berries roundish, larger than tlie Con-
cord, dark crimson, with a rich purple bloom, mingled with
a fiery lustre in the sunlight ; flesh perfectly tender, breaking
to the centre and letting out the seeds like a foreign grape,
of sugary sweetness, in flavor remarkably like the Hamburg,
but more aromatic and lively, fully equalling that excellent
variety. The vine is a slow grower, making firm, short jointed
shoots, with large buds and deeply lobed leaves of medium
thickness, peculiarly crimped and often rolled inward. Hardy
and very productive. Fruit ripens just after the Concord,
and at least a week or ten days earlier than the Diana.

Moore's Hybrid. — Also of the same origin. Clusters
broad, regularly shouldered, similar in shape to the Ham-
burg, compact; berries roundish, the size of the Concord,
dark purple, with a violet bloom; flesh tender, very sweet
and delicious, nearly equalling the Diana Hamburg in flavor.
Vine a rapid grower, the shoots large, firm, and leaves thick ;
hardy and productive. Fruit ripens same time as .Diana
Hamburg or earlier, and the clusters are probably equally
large ; but this cannot be decided upon with certainty, as
this is the vine's first season of bearing. Very promising.

White Mdsk. — From the Isabella, by Royal Muscadine.
Clusters and berries of the same shape, and nearly as larg;^ .
as the Isabella, but of a yellow color ; berries filled with
juice, the flesh being of the slightest possible consistence,
semi-transparent, showing the seeds, very sweet and delicious,
with a slight muscat flavor. Vine a rapid grower; shoots
light colored ; leaves thin and deeply lobed ; hardy and very
productive. This variety requires a shaded situation on ac-
count of the liability of the leaves to sunburn.

Last year the White Musk was of delicious flavor; but
this year it was quite insipid, on account of the foliage
being so badly sun-burned. It requires farther trial in ordpr

DEOEMBEB. 865

to decide fully upon its merits. I have somo other* hybrids,
but none that equal those described, and shall therefore not
disseminate them. Most people are greatly in error, with
regard to hybrids, naturally supposing them not hardy^ but
facts prove the contrary. Rogers's Hybrids are hardier than
Isabella anS Catawba; Allen's Hybrid is hardier than its
native parent, the Isabella ; Norton's Virginia is as hardy a
grape as any known ; also, my own hybrids are as hardy, and
somo of them more hardy than the native varieties which
produced tliem. The fact is, hybridization has the effect of
hardening the wood of seedlings so produced, rendering them
capable of withstanding severities which neither of the
parent varieties could, endure. This is not so with every
hybrid seedling, of course, but it is my experience that four
or five, out of as many as twenty-five, are perfectly hardy. I
find that, with hybrids, some seedlings most resemble the
foreign parent, such being generally worthless for out-door
culture ; otliers are more similar to the native parent, and
others a medium between the two. I speak now of the vine
itself, not of the fruit. . The best seedlings are among the
mediums, or those most resembling the native parent. Such
is my experience.

In conclusion, it is my belief that, tlirough hybridization
alone are we ever to obtain varieties equalling the foreign
grape in quality, yet adapted to our climate.

We are pleased, to publish this account of Mr. Moore's
experience in the production of hybrid grapes, and hope his
success will encourage others to make similar attempts at
the production of new varieties, for we quite agree with Mr.
Moore, that it is through " hybridization " that we shall prob-
ably achieve much greater results, than from accidental, or
chance seedlings, or from even the selection of the best va-
rieties. Having already giving a brief account of some
of Mr. Moore's grapes, we need only state that his experi-
ments are of great value, showing as they do that hybrids
between our native and foreign grape are easily produced
by due attention to fertilization.

866

THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTURE.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SELECT PEARS.

BT THE EDITOR.

We have quite a number of drawings of new pears, several
of them seedlings of considerable merit, which we chall figure
and describe in our next volume. We now add those which
have fruited in such condition as to enable us to judge more
fully of their merits.

237. Gansel's late Bergamot.

This pear (fig. 13) is one of the numerous seedlings of
Mr. Williams of Pitmaston, England, some of whose pears we

13. OARREL'S UkTX BKR01.M0T.

have already noticed, (p. 44). It has now been in our ooUec*
tion some years, and first bore with us a year or more ago,
but the specimens were few, and did not ripen up well, so
that we did not form a very high opinion of its merits. It is

DECEMBER. 867

slow in coming into bearing, our trees being very large. For-
tunately it has fruited in some other collections, so that its
qualities are now ascertained. We have before us a letter
from the Hon. J. M, Earle of Worcester, which came with a
very fine specimen of the pear, from which our drawing and
description are made ; it is as follows :

Worcester, October 31, 1865.

Charles M. Hovet, Esq. Dear Sir : — Prostration on my
bed from a severe illness induces me to confide to you, what
I had intended to do myself, the description and drawing of
" Gansel's Late Bergamot," for your excellent Magazine.

It is a pear which ought to be universally known, coming
fully up to the European recommendation of its character ;
and is, in my estimation, one of the best fruits we have
acquired for the last twenty years, ranking as the full peer of
the Beurre d'Anjou, the Sheldon, and the Doyenne du
Comice. In quality it is vinous, high-flavored and fine, with
the characteristics of its parent, the Gansel's Bergamot ; but
is a larger, finer growing, better bearing, and more surely
ripening kind.

Tlie tree is healthy and vigorous, somewhat spreading in
its habit, with foliage resembling that of the Gansel's Berga-
mot, in its waved outline, and some*rhat hoary appearance ;
though larger and more abundant ; and is persistent to the
last ; remaining entire upon the tree this 31st of October.

This is undei-stood to be a December fruit ; but like all
other winter fruits of this remarkable season, some specimens,
when kept warm, have already ripened ; of which the accom-
panying is one.

This fruit was raised at Pitmaston, Eng., by Mr. Williams,
a celebrated fruit-grower, and not by Mr. Gansel, as errone-
ously stated in Downing's work.

Yours truly, J. M. Earle,

By S. P. Earle, Amanuensis.

We are much indebted to Mr. Earle for his kindness, which
we doubt not will be appreciated by all pear cultivators. We
add our own description.

Size, medium, about two and a half inches deep, and three

368

THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTURE.

inches in diameter : Form, roundisli oblate, depressed at the
base and crown : Skin, fair, dull yellowish green at ma-
turity, with a faint shading of blush on the sunny side, and
thickly dotted with greenish specks : Stem, medium length,
about half an inch long, moderately stout, fleshy at the base,
and obliquely inserted in a smfill shallow cavity: Eye, open,
and moderately sunk in a large, open basin ; segments of the
calyx, large, broad, long, tapering, reflexed : Flesh, yellowish
white, coarse, melting, juicy, with much of the flavor of Gan-
sel's Bergamot: Core, large, little gritty: Seeds, medium
size, broad, and shortly pointed, brown. Ripe in November.

14. ALKXARDRIIfX DOUILLARD.

238. Alexandrine Dourllard.

The only notice we find of this pear is an account of
it in the report of the Pomological Congress of Lyons for

DECEMBER. ' 369

1859, given in our Magazine (Vol. XXVII., p. 219) when it
was admitted as deserving the recommendation of the Con-
gress. Our own trees have not fruited, but through the kind-
ness of Epes Sargent, Esq., we have been favored with some
fine specimens, which were large and well grown, and ripened
up in perfection. Of the habits of the tree we can add but
little ; it is a good grower, and we believe does well upon the
' quince. We doubt not Mr. Sargent will favor us with some
account of the pear, which is of good size, resembling in bhape
the Bartlett, and colors up of a fine yellow.

Size, large, about three and a half inches long, and two
and three quarters in diameter: Form, pyramidal, or Bon
Chretien shaped, largest about the middle, slightly contracted
above, obtuse at the stem, with an uneven and slightly knobby
surface: Skin, fair, smooth, deep yellow when mature, witli
delicate traces of russet around the stem, and covered with
very small brownish red specks: Stem, medium length, about
thriBC-quarters of an inch long, rather slender, and inserted
with scarcely any cavity : Eye, rather large, closed, artd mod-
erately sunk in a small furrowed, and not very deep basin ;
segments of the. calyx, long, twisted: Flesh, yellowish white,
little coarse, melting, buttery, juicy, sugary, and rich, with
a pleasant aroma : Core, medium size : Seeds, rather large,
broad, chestnut brown. Ripe in October.

GARDEN GOSSIP.

Rbsidbncb op Dr. G. H. Lodge, Swampscot. — Nothing is
more delightful than to get away from the heat and dust of
the crowded city, and enjoy the fresh and invigorating breeze
of the sea-side ; and this pleasure is greatly enhanced, when, in
addition to all the comforts of such a place, we have, also, all
the enjoyments of an inland home. Such we found to be the
residence of Dr. Liodge, situated at Swampscot, immediately
upon the bay, the rocky boundaries of which, for many hun-
dred yards, are washed by the ocean billows, and the broad

VOL. XXXI. — NO. XII. 24

370 * THE MAGAZINE OP HORTICULTURE.

expanse of water, wliiteiied with a thousand sail, and dotted
with the islands of tlie harbor.

Here, in a domain of some forty acres, where the Doctor
passes the summer, he lias spared no pains to obtain all the
elegance of a country villa, by the sea-side. By a judicious
selection of favorable spots for cultivation, and by the liberal
plantation of trees for shelter, where there was originally
))one, he has been enabled to render a great portion of what *
was once a wild, rocky, and rough sea-shore, a fertile and
l>eautiful garden. Tlie house, which stands almost upon tho
ocean bank, is reached by a long and beautiful winding
avenue until it opens upon the lawn, near the house. This
avenue was originally a kind of natural pathway, and was
laid out by the Doctor, and widened at much expense, cours-
ing, as it does, among rocks which at times form almost
abrupt sides ; with such a foundation soil had to be brought
to make the borders in which the trees were planted ; but
this was done so thoroughly that thej have made a vigorous
growth,* and now completely shut out the grounds on either
side. Hemlock and Norway Spruce are intermixed with all
the well-known forest trees, forming a picturesque and elegant
drive to tlie sea-dde.

On the north of this avenue, in a hollow, sheltered on the
east by a rocky cliff, is the Doctor's apple-orchard, which we
found in the most beautiful condition, the trees all pruned by
himself, are on precisely the same plan as Capt. Austin's
})ear-trees — the wine-glass pattern — and, what is remarkable,
though of large size, still the system was kept up, each tree
having 6 to 10 cordons, or main branches, and all the side
shoots cut in. Upon our inquiring whether it was not a
difficult task to keep down the summer shoots, the Doctor
answered that it was, but so far he had mastered it. The
trees were bearing but little fruit this year, and what there
was was badly bitten by the curculio. The canker worm
finds no place in the Doctor's grounds. We never saw such
rich-foliaged and vigorous apple-trees.

On the other side of the avenue, in a similar situation,
nearer the sea-side, but sheltered by a similar elevation of
rocks and trees, we found the Doctor's pear-orchard, the

DBCEMBEB. S71.

trees trained as pyramids, and looking very well, some of
Ihem full of fruit, but not so handsome as the apple-trees.
Evidently the apple did better than the pear, though the
latter was giving much the larger quantity of fruit. The

* torts composed all the popular kinds, and some of the newer
sorts.

Passing on, we came to a plantation of Concord grapes,
which were trained to a fence facing the east, and growing on
a kind of rocky ledge. These, however, looked well, and
were bearing fruit. Various spots were devoted to vegetable
culture, and by the aid of liberal manuring, in which fish

* forms a component part, the land has been brought to a
degree of fertility almost beyond belief. A field of carrots,
of an acre or more, was unusually fine. The Doctor pointed
out to us his mode of using up the fish.

After two or three hours in rambling over the natural but
picturesque portion of the grounds, and admiring some of
the old trees found on the premises, such as the American
Hornbeam (Tupelo), Swamp Oak, Maples, Ac, which have
been carefully preserved, and now surrounded with a ver-
dant turf, we returned to the house to discuss fruits and
fruit-growing, and enjoy the hospitalities which Dr. Lodge
knows so well how to dispense. We left Swampscot, wishing
that more of our sea-side residences contained so much
that was interesting, instructive and enjoyable in so high a
degree.

^tnnal Uotitts.

LiLiUM tAURATVM. — SiDce the pablicstion of my note on the Lilium
aunitum, which flowered so finely here three weeks ago, I have had many
inquiries respecting its treatment ; and as they are far too numerous for nie
to answer separately, you will oblige me by publishing the following: —

I believe the secret of my success to have been paying great attention to
the plant as regards water, and giving a moderate greenhouse temperature
after flowepng, thereby securing a very gradual decay of the leaves and
stem, which is of much natural advantage to the bulbs. As soon as all
signs of life had departed from the stem I kept the bulb in the coolest
part of the greenhouse, being careful at the same time not to allow the soil

372 THE MAGAZINB OF HORTICULTUBE.

to become too dry, which may be guarded against by standing the pot on a
damp bottom, bo as to keep the roots slightly in action. It is one of th^
greatest mistakes ^ssible to allow these bulbs to be entirely dried off
daring the winter. As regards soil, I use good iibry loam and peat in
equal parts, with a good proportion of sand and leaf mould, afler which I
add cow or sheep dung dried and beaten up small, in proportion of one
ounce to every two lbs. of the whole of the other soil. I never give mannre
water until the pot is filled with roots and the buds formed, and this is
gradually withheld as the flowers expand. — (Gard. Chron.)

Hint to Ornamkntal Plaictkrs. — Your remarks on the utility of
ornamental trees and shrubs of foreign origin call to my mind a very fine
collection of Japanese plants, which was exhibited by John Knowles, Eaq^
Trafibrd Bank, at the late Exhibition of the Manchester Botanical Society. <
Many of these were four feet high and three feet through, showing their
use and beauty to much greater advantage than in a small state. Amongst
them were Cryptomeria Veitchii, fully four feet high, and very bushy, with
beautiful glaucous foliage. This cannot fail to form a fine feature ia
winter and spring, provided it proves hardy. Retinoepora obtusa, as shown,
bad a fine pyramidal habit, which, however, does not seem common to this
plant. Jnniperus rigida, with fine pendulous branches, promises to make
a good companion for the Deodora, while Thuja falcata, with close upright
habit, seems specially adapted for forming bold divisional lines in a garden.
Besides these there were also several others possessing great variety both
of form and color, which must in i few years greatly revolutionize our
present sytem of out-door decoration. — (Gard, Chron,)

Old-fashioickd Plants. — Some of your correspondents are moving in a
right direction in making inquiry for certain of our old and missing plants.
I have for years been advising nurserymen to get at work at them.
Where are many of our old shrubs to be found ? How many good things
have been lost, or partially so, i. e., lost to the trade — put aside by new
things. I am at present noting some of the old, old-fashioned trees and
plants, and where they are to be found ; and trust some one in the trade
will take the matter up, for a landscape gardener has not the plants which
our forefathers had to form his picture with; and although hundreds of
new things have been introduced, the old have been neglected until one
can only find about* a score kinds of trees and shrubs in the majority of
provincial nurseries. I will again revert to this subject. — ( Gard, Chron,)

AcHTRANTHUs Verschaffeltii (Iresinb Herbstii.) — ^In spring I
predicted that this would prove a valuable plant for flower-gfarden ornamen-
tation, and all that I said in its favor has been fully realized. About 700
plants of it bedded out here have a more beautiful and effective appearance
than pen can describe. During the hot dry weather Amaranthus melan-
cholicus ruber bore off the palm. I have several thousands of the last-
named plants that have been very effective this summer — ^hot dry weather

DECBMBBB. 873

suits it ; while the Achyraothus suceeeds best io cooler weather, and in a
Diore moist situation — indeed — it will thrive where the Amaranthus will
not live. I have had it out in 10 degrees of spring frost, without its being
injured in the least We may therefore expect to see it in full beauty
long after the Amaranthus has passed away, for should the weather con-
tinue Wet we shall soon find that the Amaranthus will lose its beauty and
die. Nothing can excel the fine'appearftnce of this Achyramfaus as now
seen here. — ( Oard. Chnnu)

Spiejba THUifBKRoii. — I saw a specimen of this beautiful spring flower-
ing shrub in full bloom a few days ago at Messrs. F. & A. Dickson & Sons,
Upton Nurseri^, Chester. It was about 2i feet in height, and about 3
feet in diameter, and was literally covered with wreaths of snow-white
blossoms. This is apparently still a scarce Spirsa, inasmuch as it is seldom
to be found in trade catalogues ; and yet for purposes of spring decoration
it is unsurpassed by any other of the genus. If gently forced, its long
snowy wreaths of flowers would be invaluable in the conservatory, where,
flowering very early, it would form a good companion to Deutzia gracilis.
It is perfectly hardy, having withstood without injury the rigors of the past
winter. The well-known double-flowered Spirea prunifolia flore-pleno is
also highly effective at present at the nursery just named ; the flowers are
pure white, with a slight tint of green in the centre, and are formed in
wreaths of from two to three feet in length. These are both Spireas which
deserve to be more common than they appear to be. — ( Gard, Chron,)

glassatjiisetts Poditultural Sotbtg.

Saturday, OcL 7. — At this meeting the following business was transacted :

A Committee was appointed to prepare a petition to the Legislatare, to
prevent the ravages of the canker worm, caterpillar, and other injurious
insects. William C. Strong, J. R C. Hyde, P. Barnes, E. Wight, E. A.
Brackett, and H. W. Fuller were chosen, and, on motion, the President
*wa8 added to the Committee.

On motion of Mr. Strong a Committee was appointed to inquire into the
habits and food of the robin, in order to ascertain if any means can be
taken to prevent the destruction of fruit. The President, Dr. J. R. Brewer,
Prof. J. L. Russell, W. C. Strong, P;of. Jenks, E. A. Brackett, F. Parkman,
and H. W. Fuller were chosen.

C. O. Whitmore presented a motion to appoint a special Committee, with
the President as chairman, to revise the By-Laws. The motion was
adopted, and the President, C. O. Whitmore, F. Parkman, E. W. Buswell,
and P. Barnes, appointed the Committee.

874 THE MAGAZINE OF HOBTICULTUBB.

On motion of Mr. Buswell, the thauks of the Society were voted the Pres-
ident for his Address at the Dedication of the new Hall, and a Committee
of three chosen to request a copy for publication.

Col. Theodore Lyman was unanimously elected an honorary member.

Adjourned one month, to November 4.

©Httiarg.

Death of Joseph Frost. We are pained to announce the loss of
Joseph Frost, of the firm of Frost & Co., Genesee Valley Nurseries,
Rochester, N. Y., who died very suddenly, of apoplexy, at St Louis, Mo.,
on the 26th of September, in the 35th year of his age.

The Rural New Yorker, in making the announcement, truly remarks,
that his decease seemed to cast a gloom over the entire city, for all who
knew him loved or esteemed him for his modest worth and manly virtues.
Kind, affable, and generous — unobtrusive and retiring in his manners —
genial in his nature, sincere in his friendship, and affable, and polite in his
daily intercourse with others, all who knew him will learn of his death with
sincere grief and regrret.

Mr. Frost was well known as being connected with one of the most
extensive nurseries in the country. He was at one time Horticultural
Editor of the Genesee Farmer, and also a member of the Fruit Growers*
Society of Western New York. Called suddenly away from the fond circle
to which his attachment was ardent and unchanging, his bereaved family
will have the sympathy and condolence of many loving friends.

Death of Sir Wm. J. Hooier. This eminent botanist died^at Kew,
on the 12th of August, in his 81st year.

Sir William Jackson Hooker .was bom in Norwich on the 6th of July,
1785. His father had a collection of rare a^d curious plants, which was
well known amongst amateurs. He received his education at the High
School of Norwich, and having inherited an ample competence he deter-
mined to devote himself to travelling, and to scientific pursuits. In 1809
he visited Ireland, which he extensively explored. In 1814 he made a *
botanizing expedition to Switzerland. His first botanical work was that on
the English Jungermanns, which was completed in 1816. In 1820 he
accepted the Regius Professorship of Botany in the University of Glasgow,
where he resided for twenty years, during which period he published
several valuable })otanical works, and added annually to his extensive
Herbarium. He was twice offered knighthood, but did not accept it till
1836; this honor was then bestowed on him by William IV., for the groat
services he had rendered to botany. In 1841 he was appointed to the Direc-
torship of the Royal Gardens at Kew, where he remained till hb death.

DECOTiIBER. 875

The Gardenere* Chronicle, from which we gather this information, gives
a Jong account of the labors and improvements effected by Sir William
nhile Director of the Gardens; but our space is too limited to copy. He
was the editor of the London Journal of Botany, vhich embraced 17
volumes, and editor of Curtid's Botanic Magazine for the last fiHe^ or
twenty years. His latest labors were devoted to the Ferns, in 3 volumes.

He was an LL.D. of Glasgow, D. C. L. of Oxford, a Fellow of the
Royal Societies of London, Edinburgh, the Linnsan, Antiquarian, Geo-
graphical, and other societies ; a Knight of Hanover, Companion of the
Legion of Honor, a Correspondent of the Academy of France, and a mem-
ber of almost every other learned" academy in Europe and America.

He leaves a widow, two married daughters, and one son. Dr. Joseph
Hooker, who, since his death, has been appointed Director of the Kew
Gardens.

podtcultural ^ptritlions

FOR DECEMBER.
FRUIT DEPARTMENT.

November has been a rather mild and favorable month, with but one
severe storm of rain, and without snow. The thermometer fell to 18° on
the 11th, but since then it has been much warmer, with very little frost.
There has been scarcely a day but what gardening operations of the season
could be most successfully carried on, and fruit trees could not have been
planted in a more favorable condition of the soil.

Vines in the early houses will now be setting their fruit, and with the
short days, little sunlight, and cbld nights, will require considerable atten-
tion. Keep up a good day temperature, with sufficient air, but not too
hot at night Keep the border well protected firoro frost, snow and cold
rains. Vines in the grapery and greenhouse may now be pruned and
cleaned, in readiness for growing. Cover the border with four inches of
manure, if not already done. Vines in cold houses should be laid down
and protected, if not already done. Vines in the open air should be laid
down and covered with earth.

Orchard-Houses should be well aired in all good weather, only closing
them on very levere nights. See that the pots are well covered with
leaves, or hay. Trees, intended to be brought into the house, may be
wintered in the cellar, if desired.

Strawberry Beds should be covered with an inch or two of leaves,
straw, or coarse manure.

Raspberry Busses jshould be laid down and covered with soil.

Pear Trees should be well manured, making a conical heap around
the trees.
' Trench and prepare ground for spring.

376 THE MAGAZIKB QP HORTiaJLTURB.

FLOWKR DEPARTMBNT.

A few cold nights, in the early part of the month, carae suddenly, and
gave a slight touch of winter to the garden. It WhB rather severe on
unprotected plants : but the milder weather which followed, gave ample
time to prepare for December. Frames, yet containing plants, should be
well covered with mats or shutters.

Camellias will now be in flower, and will require careful watering,
keeping them neither too dry nor too wet They should also be syringed
in fine weather. Wash and clean the leaves, if not already done.

Azaleas will soon begin to flower, if kept in a warm part of the house
and fi'eely syringed. Such as are wanted later must be kept cool, and
rather dry, though they should not suffer for moisture. Take every leisure
time to make specimens by tying the plants into good shape. Look out for
the black thrip.

pELARooifiuMS will now be growing very slowly, and should have plenty
of air to secure stocky plants. Keep cool, (not over 45^ at night) and near
the glass. Turn the plants round once a week. Begin to repot, both
young and old stock, the last of the month, using the soil a little stronger
than at the first potting.

CnRTSAivTHAiiuifs, as soon as they are out of flower, may be removed to
a frame.

Cinerarias should hive a cool, airy place, near the glass. Repot, ts
soon as they require it, and lo^k out for the green fly.

Ferns should be carefully watered at this season.

MoivTHLT Carnations, that are growing vigorously, may have a shift
into larger pots, though they do best rather under than overpotted.

Gloxinias, for early flowering, may be started into growth next month.

Caladiums, for early bloom, may be repotted next month. In the mean
time keep them warm and dry.

Beoonias may be divided and repotted the last of the month.

IxiAS AND SPAaAXis, in pots, should have a good situation, near the
glass.

Htacinths, and other bulbs, planted last month, and put into frames,
may be brought into the house to bloom.

Neapolitan Violets, in pots, and protected in frames, may be brought
into the house to bloom.

Alyssum and Mignonette should be placed on a shelf, close to the
glass. •

Fuchsias should be pruned and repotted, in readiness for growing next
month.

Ctclamens should be kept cool, and not too wet. They dislike heat

Amartllises should be kept dry until the bulbs show signs of growing.

Heaths should be kept in the coldest and roost airy part of the bonse.

Orange Trees should be carefully watered at this season.

Improve all leisure time to keep the house neat, the plants tied up, pots
washed, and every thing in good order.

CHOICE CRAPE VINES.

HOYEY & CO.

Off' r for iftle the following^ superior varietks of Grape Vineav of strong- and vigorous

growth, and fine roote.

A tr r rt's Htbrio, 1 , 2^ and 3 year old vines of this new, well-known and iupetb while grape.
fj^KARLLA, 1 and 2 year old vines of this new grape^ with bunches of large aJKe, and

ripeninf very early.
ItiXA, I and 2 year old vinea of this excellent sort, which has ripened this jeax as eftrly

as tlie Delaware^
Adtkoivdac, 1,2, and 3 year old vines. This variety is earlier ihan HutTord Proline,

and nearly or quite equal to the Hamburgh.
Crkyellixg^ ] and 2 year old vines of this fine grnpe, which la becoming more highly

appreciated every year.
Delawahe, 1,2, and 3 year old vines of this papular and well-known variety.
Diana, I, 2* and 3 year old vines of thia high- flavored and excellent sort.

Also, a fine Flock of 1,2, and 3 year old vines of
HABTFORD PBOLIFIC,

TJIilOir VILLAGE,

FBAMlIfaHAH,

BEBECCA,

BOGEBS, Ko. 4 and 15.

GOITCOBD,

All welUknown and populaf grapes, grown in the open ground, without foreiog, with
weil^ripened wood and strong roots.

Full descriptive catalogues of Fruii Trees, Grape Vines, Strawberries, &c., a^nt to all
applicants, on the receipt of a 3 cent stamp.

Address IIOVEY & CO.,

53 NoKTH Markrt Strbct, BotTOH.

AZALEA INDICA.

HOVEY & CO.

Offer for sale a large and superior collection of Chinese Azaleas, comprising upwards of
50 varieties, and including all the choice and new kinds, recently introduced. Our
stock efnbracea such as

Criterion, delicata, Model, Roine des Panachees, President, Rubens, Beauty of Europe,
crispitlomt Barofi de Vreece, Perfection, Roi Leopold, Gem, Petunffiflora, narcissiflora,
Dieudonne SpiE, Comic de Hainault, Brilliant, Imperialisj Aiuba^ aJba magnieca pleno,
I Rosea magna, Kinghornii, and many others.

As the Azalea is a epeciality of ctilturc, we are enabled to offer fine young stocky
I piantfl, and also some of larger sizo, wJiich may soon be grown and trained into fino tpeci-
J roetiB for exhibition.

L HOVEY & CO,,

^B 50 North MAaK!rT Strkit,

ORCHARD-HOUSE.

CORDON TRAINING OF FRUIT TREES

FOR THE

ORCHARD-HOUSE AND OPEN AIR,

By T. COLLINGS BREUAUT.

WITH A

SUPPLEMENT

COffTAimifG

BKILABSS ON CORDON TRAINING OF THE PEAR ; THE CTTLTIVATieF

AND PRimiNG or PEACH TREES IN POTS; THE BEST

VARIETIES OF FRTJITS FOR POT CITLTITRE;

AND

QEir&RAL REMARKS ON ORCHARB-HOITSES ADAPTED TO THE GLOIATS
OF THE UNITED STATES.

BY O- M. HOVEY,

■SirOB or HlOiETMl or HOUTICUf^TtlKS, AMD AUTHOm OF FBum ov 4HISn4.

1 vol., octavo. Price, $L3S»

Tbia irolume contains, in addition to the large ejcperience of Mr, Brehaut, all the infor-
mation needful for the colti valor to Buccees fully cultivate the poach tree in pots, by the
Editori with selections of the beat fruits adapted to the Orchard-House and Pot CulCur«.

Published by Hove; & Co*, 53 North Market St, Boston.

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